Research at the Medical College of Georgia found that regular brushing can cause minor cell damage, leading to increased calcium influx and triggering internal membrane repair. This process may promote gum health by stimulating collagen growth and strengthening tissue response to mechanical stress.
Researchers genetically modified a plant to halt reproduction of cauliflower mosaic virus, which attacks the same protein complex used by HIV. The plant's protein complex involves two genes that can be blocked to prevent viral replication.
A research team, including UC Riverside biologists, has found experimental evidence supporting a theory of genetic conflict in the reproduction of fish that bear placentas. The conflict is likened to an
In the circumstellar environment, newly formed elements make compounds and life takes off for the first time. The shells around dying stars enable a chemistry that produced grains older than our sun itself.
Researchers at the University of York have developed urothelial cell sheets that regenerate to repair damage, paving the way for engineered bladders. Pharmaceutical companies will soon be able to test therapies using these models.
A new study reveals that only 37% of the US population is eligible to donate blood, with approximately 60 million fewer individuals being eligible than previously thought. The lower donor pool estimate is based on a more stringent model that excludes high-risk individuals and those with chronic diseases.
A study found that mature forest produces almost 10 times as much sugar per hectare than recently logged forest, but overall honey yields are still high due to extensive flowering. Nectar production in young trees regrowing after logging is not significantly affected, contradicting beekeepers' concerns.
A report by the March of Dimes Foundation reveals that 122 pregnancies were exposed to Accutane despite a mandatory risk management program. The program, known as iPledge, aims to prevent pregnant women from being exposed to isotretinoin, a known teratogen.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have confirmed that a natural enzyme called phytase has helped Delaware chickens digest more phosphorus, reducing output in chicken manure. As a result, phosphorus loads to the environment have been reduced by some 2 million to 3 million pounds per year.
A new NYU study shows that phonics, holistic word recognition, and whole language approaches contribute substantially to reading speed. Letter-by-letter decoding accounts for 62% of reading speed, while holistic and whole-language processes add an additional 16% and 22%, respectively.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have developed flexible hydrogen sensors using single-walled carbon nanotubes, exhibiting high sensitivity and fast response time. The sensors can detect 1% hydrogen concentration in room temperature within 3 seconds and withstand bending and relaxation multiple times.
A University of Leicester study found that climate change contributes to forest fires in Central Siberia, with temperatures rising by almost two degrees Celsius. The changing climate has led to an earlier onset of spring, affecting the timing of plant growth and carbon uptake.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that hydrogen peroxide decreases the tensile strength of absorbable sutures. In contrast, cleaning with distilled water did not harm their strength. The study suggests that patients using hydrogen peroxide on such sutures may be at risk for weakened healing and hypertrophic scars.
Australian White Dorper breeders are utilizing a newly developed DNA test to identify and manage the genetic disorder dermatosparaxis, which causes extreme skin fragility. The disease has been reported in other breeds and can result in death or euthanasia if left unchecked.
Scientists at the University of Nebraska Medical Center have discovered the long-sought-after homo-oligomerization domain of Bax, a key regulator of apoptosis. This finding provides new insights into the protein's structure and function.
A study of 1,771 families found that child maltreatment rates were 42% higher during soldier deployments than at non-deployment times, with neglect being almost twice as high. The rate of child neglect was especially elevated among female civilian spouses whose husbands were deployed.
The University of Florida is leading a $9 million NIH-funded research project to better understand the life-threatening Aspergillus fungus, which affects cancer patients and transplant recipients. The repository will support research on developing accurate tests for detection, with goals to improve diagnostic accuracy and speed.
A study of repatriated Nepalese sex-trafficked girls and women found nearly 40% tested positive for HIV infection. Those trafficked prior to age 15 had higher rates of infection, with five times the increased odds of being detained in multiple brothels.
A new study reveals that child abuse and neglect rates nearly double when soldier-parents deploy for combat tours, leaving mothers at home to care for the children. The rate of physical abuse nearly doubles, and neglect increases four times higher in these cases.
Researchers have developed a biodegradable nanoparticle delivery system that uses magnetic forces to target specific cells in the body. The system has shown promise in reducing cell proliferation and delivering anti-growth genes to stents, which could help maintain blood flow.
A new triple combination therapy has been successful in abolishing adverse autoimmunity against insulin-producing cells in a mouse model of Type 1 diabetes. The treatment eliminated inflammation and restored normal blood glucose levels by blocking its effects on fat and muscle tissues.
Children with cancer in the UK have shorter survival rates compared to other European countries due to inadequate surveillance and care. Experts recommend rigorous assessment of routine surveillance and primary care to improve childhood cancer outcomes.
A comprehensive study by University of Texas researchers reveals 237 complex motivations for human sex, including physical, emotional, and insecurity-based factors. The findings challenge common assumptions about the simplicity of human sexuality.
A Virginia Tech mathematician is working on reducing the computational challenges associated with simulating large-scale dynamical systems by employing rational Krylov methods. This approach enables the creation of reduced-order models, which significantly shorten computation times while maintaining accuracy.
A team of scientists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison has shown that stem cells engineered to secrete a key growth factor can protect motor neurons characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but not restore muscle connections. The study demonstrates promise for cell-based therapies in diseases with few treatment options.
A Northwestern University study found that electrical activity in the brain is altered within 200 milliseconds when viewing subliminal emotional expressions, leading to biased ratings of facial expressions. Those with anxiety tend to exhibit stronger brain responses to fear-primed expressions.
Research by Dr James Chin and colleagues reveals that antibiotics not only kill bad bacteria but also maintain a pool of resistant genes within microbial communities. This means that subsequent therapy with another antibiotic may be ineffective due to increased resistance.
Researchers found group interpersonal psychotherapy effective in reducing depressive symptoms among adolescent girls affected by war and displacement. In contrast, the same treatment was less effective for boys. The study suggests that additional interventions may be needed to address depression and anxiety in boys.
A survey of adults displaced by war in northern Uganda found high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. The study also showed that individuals with PTSD symptoms were more likely to favor violent means to end the conflict, while those with depression symptoms were less likely to identify nonviolence as a solution.
A multicenter study compared screening methods in high-risk women, finding that MRI accurately identifies tumors missed by mammography and ultrasound. The study suggests that women at high risk for breast cancer can benefit from undergoing screening MRI to detect more cancers.
Older adults experience cognitive decline that affects their ability to comprehend humor, according to Washington University researchers. However, this decline does not mean they cannot understand humor, and previous experiences, preferences, and personality play a significant role in humor comprehension.
Researchers have identified Müller glial cells with stem cell properties that can regenerate the retina and restore vision in zebrafish. The team hopes to develop this approach for human use, potentially using a person's own cells to stimulate growth and repair.
A University of Minnesota team found that the TOPK enzyme, which regulates cell growth and other functions, promotes transformation in colorectal carcinoma by activating related enzymes. This suggests that drugs targeting TOPK could have anti-cancer benefits.
A randomized controlled trial found that group psychotherapy was effective in reducing depression symptoms among displaced adolescent girls, but not boys, who were survivors of war in northern Uganda. The intervention also showed promise for helping adolescents living in poor, rural, and illiterate communities.
A leading expert challenges the theory that an Indonesian mud volcano was triggered by an earthquake. Professor Richard Davies of Durham University's Centre for Research into Earth Energy Systems says drilling operations are more likely to be responsible.
A study of 169 former Ugandan and Congolese child soldiers found that those with PTSD symptoms were less open to reconciliation and had more feelings of revenge towards their enemies. The research highlights the need for psychological recovery for war-affected children, such as child soldiers.
Researchers found a marked resemblance between molecular etiology of neurons in animal models and humans with HD, making them relevant for studying the disease and testing treatments. The study's findings have important consequences for preclinical drug testing.
A Mayo Clinic-led collaborative study finds that focused ultrasound treatment of uterine fibroids offers sustained symptom relief and durable outcomes. The more complete destruction of tumors by focused ultrasound results in improved quality of life and lower incidence of severe side effects.
Researchers developed a cell-free system to investigate microRNA function, providing unprecedented insight into how miRNAs repress translation. The study resolves the current conflict over miRNA action by showing that miRNAs recruit complexes containing Ago2 and GW182 proteins.
A new University of Delaware research project aims to engineer functional vocal cord tissue to replace scarred, rigid tissue. The team is developing novel biomaterials that mimic the molecular composition and mechanical responsiveness of natural extracellular matrices, with the goal of improving pliability and preventing scarring.
Researchers at Purdue University have created gold nanoparticles that can identify marker proteins on breast cancer cells, offering a potential tool for better diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The technology has the potential to provide high-quality data at a lower cost than existing methods.
Researchers found structural and functional abnormalities in specific brain regions associated with chronic auditory hallucinations in schizophrenic patients. The study used MRI to identify biological markers for treatment and monitor patient response.
A clinical trial is underway to assess the safety and efficacy of intravenous carbamazepine in adult patients with epilepsy. The new treatment aims to provide an alternative to oral therapy during hospitalization or when oral administration is not feasible.
A University of Oregon research team has found that barn owls' exceptional spatial hearing abilities can help pinpoint problems in the human brain, including those related to hearing and behavior. The study used infrared monitoring to track changes in pupil dilation responses influenced by sound sources around an owl.
A recent study found that magnetic resonance CAD significantly enhances the diagnostic accuracy of liver fibrosis, outperforming experienced radiologists in detection and grading.
A Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health study documents high rates of HIV infection among young Nepalese girls trafficked to India, with 60.6% infected among those trafficked prior to age 15. The study highlights the dire health consequences of sex trafficking and the need for improved prevention measures.
The new dredge, which uses jets of water to lift scallops off the seafloor without physically contacting it, caught 50-60% of a normal catch rate in field tests. This technology has the potential to reduce damage to marine habitat and catch essential fish species.
The Bipolar Disorder Phenome Database offers a comprehensive resource for researchers to identify genes linked to bipolar disorder, utilizing over 5,000 patients' clinical data and DNA samples. This database complements existing genetic data and enables researchers to correlate specific symptoms with genetic material.
Scientists at Georgetown University Medical Center found that brain areas process signals as progressive waves, coordinating a collective pattern from millions of neurons. This challenges traditional models and has the potential to help understand Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's.
A new UC Irvine study suggests that co-infection of multiple HIV particles may be the key to preventing deadly strains from emerging and triggering the onset of AIDS. By blocking this process, scientists might be able to ward off AIDS, keeping patients healthy despite carrying the virus.
A study by Melissa A. Schilling and Corey C. Phelps found that large-scale alliance networks with high clustering and reach enhance firm innovation. The research analyzed 1,106 firms in 11 industry-level alliance networks over a six-year period.
Researchers have developed a 3D computer model to analyze the cranial mechanics and bite force of the Great White Shark. The study used high-resolution simulations to estimate the maximum forces that Great Whites can exert, with implications for protecting submarine cables and communication systems.
MDCT angiography is highly accurate in depicting intracranial aneurysms, outperforming digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in diagnostic accuracy. The technique can quickly determine the possibility of using minimally invasive treatment rather than open surgery.
Researchers at MGH confirm that bone marrow transplantation after chemotherapy restores fertility in female mice, with donor-derived egg cells observed but not involved in fertilization. The study also reveals that resuming mating and bone marrow transplants shortly after chemotherapy improve fertility rates.
A new University of Missouri-Columbia study is investigating whether family pets could be a reservoir for infections of multi-resistant bacteria in humans. Researchers are collecting samples from 750 pairs of owners and pets to track the spread of diseases such as MRSA.
A study of Ontario prison inmates found injection drug use was the leading risk factor for HIV and HCV infections, with rates 11-22 times higher than in the general population. Targeted education and prevention efforts are recommended to address the high rates of recidivism and short stays in remand facilities.
An international team of astronomers has discovered a new type of active galaxy that was previously overlooked due to its heavy shrouding in gas and dust. The newly found galaxies are thought to comprise around 20% of the X-ray background, providing insight into supermassive black holes and their role in controlling galaxy formation.
Healthcare leaders support creation of a national quality agenda, fundamental payment reform, and care integration to improve quality and efficiency. The survey found consensus for strategies such as health information technology mandate, financial incentives, and public reporting of provider performance.
Researchers have discovered large colonies of glass sponges thriving on the seafloor off Washington state, extending the range of reef-building species into open ocean. The sponge reefs support a dense ecosystem of sea life, including zooplankton, fish and crustaceans, in a previously sparsely populated area.
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute scientists have identified a protein that prevents the body's immune system from recognizing and attacking Hodgkin lymphoma cells. They are now investigating targeted therapies to disable this molecular 'bodyguard' and boost a patient's ability to fight the blood cancer.