Research suggests that elderly people exposed to secondhand smoke are at a higher risk of developing dementia. The study found that those with high lifetime exposure were approximately 30% more likely to develop dementia than those with no exposure. High exposure was defined as more than 30 years of exposure to secondhand smoke.
A University of Alberta study found that seniors are being stereotyped as grouchy and inflexible, with caregivers holding misconceptions about aging and Alzheimer's disease, while most seniors are adaptable and seldom angry. The study highlights the need for more education about aging and dementia to promote positive care.
UC Irvine researchers identified a new class of compounds that target nicotinic receptors in the brain, improving working memory and filtering sensory input. The findings suggest potential treatment possibilities for schizophrenia, ADHD, and Alzheimer's disease, offering a safer alternative to nicotine.
UK pharmaceutical sciences graduate student Abby Ho and assistant professors Kyung-Bo Kim and Royce Mohan developed a new compound dubbed UK-101 that acts directly on LMP2, a component of the immune proteasome variant abundantly expressed in certain tumors. The researchers found that UK-101 inhibits LMP2 while not attacking normal cell...
A new protein fragment called pHLIP has been demonstrated to target and accumulate in human breast tumors, enabling detection and potentially treating cancer. The protein's ability to navigate acidic environments makes it a promising tool for detecting various disease states.
A study by UCLA researchers found that Hurricane Katrina evacuees held deep distrust towards public health authorities, citing issues with competency, equity, and honesty. The researchers recommend increasing community representation in disaster planning to address these concerns.
A new international study found that patients who received modern treatments after a heart attack or severe chest pain had significantly lower death rates, stroke risks, and heart failure. The study shows improved outcomes due to increased use of guideline-based treatments such as drugs, tests, and procedures.
Researchers found that monthly maintenance IPT was effective in preventing recurrence of depression in women who achieved remission through IPT alone. The study also showed no significant difference in recurrence rates between those who received maintenance IPT weekly, bi-monthly or monthly.
A study of 34 children with autism compared to 34 without autism found no connection between the two conditions. Researchers looked for specific antibodies associated with celiac disease, but none were found in autistic children.
A new study by UCLA researchers found significant changes in treatment patterns and quality-of-care indicators that paralleled improvements in clinical outcomes and mortality rates for heart failure patients. The study reported a 29% reduction in in-hospital mortality and a 36% reduction in the need for mechanical ventilation.
Women with migraines during pregnancy are at higher risk of stroke, heart attack, and heart disease. Migraines have been linked to preeclampsia and a connection to the mother's age also exists.
Researchers found that statin drugs can lower resting sympathetic nervous system activity, a factor associated with increased mortality in heart failure patients. This decrease in activity is linked to improved health outcomes and reduced risk of heart failure and sudden cardiac death.
Hai-Chao Han, an assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio, has been awarded a five-year NSF CAREER grant to study artery buckling and its relationship to cardiovascular diseases. His research aims to understand mechanical stress in arterial remodeling and develop new technologies for treatment.
A new University of Illinois study found that soy consumption leads to weight loss by increasing metabolism and not reducing food intake. Researchers discovered that soy protein hydrolysates can affect regulatory hormones and receptors in the brain, signaling a feeling of fullness and reducing body weight.
A new study finds that exposure to phenanthraquinone, a chemical component of diesel exhaust particles, can impair the ability of resistance arteries to regulate blood flow to bone marrow. The study, conducted on animal models, reveals that post-menopausal females and elderly males are most likely to be impacted.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that patients with specific gene variants were less likely to experience cognitive decline after heart surgery. These variants were involved in the inflammatory system and may provide a biological basis for the protective effect observed.
Research Australia's Woolcock Institute study highlights occupational sleepiness in white-collar workplaces, including courts and hospitals. The report emphasizes the need for active monitoring and screening to treat sleep disorders, preventing situations like Judge Dodd's cancelled driver's licence.
Brandeis University professors Eve Marder and Chris Miller have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences in recognition of their outstanding research achievements. This honor brings Brandeis' total NAS membership to ten, reflecting the university's strong commitment to scientific excellence.
A comprehensive global survey reveals that island populations have significantly higher densities of lizards and other animals compared to mainland ecosystems. This study highlights the increased vulnerability of island species to biological invasions, sea level rise, and storm activity due to climate change.
The study demonstrates that real-time intra-operative planning consistently achieves optimal coverage of the prostate with minimal doses to healthy structures. This results in improved survival rates and reduced side effects, saving $450 million a year nationwide.
Researchers at Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center have discovered a way to distinguish pancreatic cancer from non-cancerous tissue using microRNA molecules. The study found that specific miRNAs can predict patient survival rates, with correlations seen in just a few miRNAs that were not previously associated with the dis...
Researchers from Duke University found that generic biologics are unlikely to be significantly cheaper than brand-name versions due to higher manufacturing and marketing costs. The unique characteristics of biologics make them harder to replicate, resulting in lower price competition.
Researchers found that subjects' brains showed increased activity at event boundaries, even in mundane events, suggesting a universal process of segmenting continuous text. This discovery sheds light on how humans comprehend everyday activities and may reflect a general network for understanding event structure.
A new study from Penn State shows that eating low-calorie soup before a meal can significantly reduce total calorie intake. The study tested different forms of soup and found that low-calorie, broth-based soups are filling regardless of their form.
A nationally representative study of over 2,000 people aged 65+ found snacking is crucial to ensure adequate calorie consumption. Researchers also discovered poor dietary intakes among children with sickle cell disease, including low vitamin and mineral levels.
A Penn State study found that decreasing calorie density of foods with added veggies leads to reduced calorie intake and increased veggie consumption in children. Parents can try this strategy to combat childhood obesity and encourage healthy eating habits.
Researchers at ASU and Walter Reed Army Medical Center are creating a smart, active, and energy-storing transtibial prosthesis called SPARKy. The device has been shown to amplify motor power by three-fold in experiments with able-bodied subjects, enabling it to revolutionize prosthetics for military personnel and others.
A study of Gulf War veterans with multiple health symptom complaints found significant differences in brain structures compared to those without high numbers of symptoms. The researchers discovered smaller brain volumes in areas involved in thinking and memory, which correlated with poorer performance on learning and memory tests.
A recent study by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found no evidence linking psychotherapy to increased survival rates among cancer patients. Despite previous studies suggesting a potential benefit, the authors conclude that psychotherapy can improve quality of life without extending lifespan.
A study of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and complications of portal hypertension reveals significant racial disparities in treatment, with African-American and Hispanic patients less likely to receive palliative shunts, liver transplants, and prompt endoscopy. These disparities were independent of health insurance status.
Recent changes in treatment guidelines for acute coronary syndromes have been associated with reductions in heart failure, stroke, and death rates. The use of pharmacological medications increased over time, while primary PCI rates rose by 37 percentage points.
A recent study reveals that mice lacking OCT1 have reduced metformin effects on AMPK phosphorylation and glucose control. Genetic variations in OCT1 in humans also impact metformin uptake, highlighting the importance of personalized treatment approaches.
A new study identified genetic markers that can distinguish between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, as well as predict patient outcomes. The discovery represents a significant advancement in cancer diagnostics and may lead to improved therapy options.
A new study by Ronald R. Grunstein found that judicial sleepiness is viewed unfavorably by the media, society, and the judicial system as a whole. Experts recommend regulatory processes to ensure the fitness for duty of judges and maintain confidence in the judicial process.
Research grants aim to reduce suffering for seriously ill patients and their caregivers, with studies focusing on communication, treatment advances, and caregiving support. The initiative supports clinician investigators conducting patient-oriented research in palliative care.
A new study suggests that amphibians are losing the battle against environmental change due to their inability to adapt quickly enough. With 43% of species in decline and 168 extinct, the impacts on amphibians are far more pervasive than other vertebrates.
Researchers have confirmed that tamoxifen prevents breast cancer in high-risk women, while a combination of three HER inhibitors slows down tumor growth. Additionally, chemotherapy with rituximab improves overall survival rates for patients with indolent lymphoma, and new lung cancer risk prediction models offer modest accuracy.
A study published in SLEEP found that sleep deprivation can adversely affect decision-making at a gambling table by elevating the expectation of gains and making light of losses. Brain imaging revealed selectively more active anticipation of reward in the nucleus accumbens, while attenuated response to losses in the insula.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have developed a new treatment approach that combines three drugs to block the HER-2 receptor, eradicating aggressive breast tumors in mice. The treatment, known as targeted therapy, has shown promising results, with tumors disappearing and not returning even after treatment is stopped.
A new study by the University of Miami Rosenstiel School found high levels of bacteria and pathogens in water and sediment samples from New Orleans and Lake Pontchartrain after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, emphasizing the importance of rapid environmental assessments. The study suggests that sediments can pose a risk to public health d...
A recent survey found that nearly 60% of US children ages 3-11 are exposed to secondhand smoke daily, with urban children suffering the highest rates. Pediatricians lack formal training on effectively addressing secondhand smoke-related issues, despite knowing its hazardous health consequences.
Scientists discovered a global expression pattern of microRNAs that can differentiate between pancreatic cancer and normal pancreas with high accuracy. The study found that specific miRNA expressions were associated with long-term survival and poor prognosis, offering potential for personalized treatment.
A promising anti-inflammatory drug failed to improve symptoms of moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a large trial. The study suggests that other mediators may be necessary to cause COPD, and raises concerns about the safety of the drug.
A study found that daily use of ginseng or ginkgo biloba supplements, or their combination, do not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of most prescription drugs. Researchers tested 72 healthy adults with a cocktail of five drugs and found no differences in absorption or metabolism regardless of supplement use.
Researchers found that losing money activates an area of the brain involved in responding to fear and pain, similar to a system for responding to pain. This suggests a biological basis for the concept of 'financial pain', highlighting similarities between financial loss and physical harm.
Ecologists and philosophers protest a new definition of 'endangered species' that could weaken the federal Endangered Species Act of 1973. The new definition limits endangered species to those at risk of extinction within their current range, which may hinder conservation efforts for species like wolves, grizzly bears, and jaguars.
Researchers found that chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells have a high frequency of BCR-ABL gene mutations, even in the absence of imatinib, which could lead to drug resistance. This genetic instability may contribute to relapses and disease progression.
Researchers have found that mice lacking organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) exhibit reduced metformin effects on AMPK phosphorylation and glucose control. Additionally, seven mutations in OCT1 were identified in humans, which reduce metformin uptake, indicating the importance of OCT1 in mediating metformin's therapeutic effects.
The study reveals that areas with well-defined property rights show substantial forest regeneration, while insecure property rights lead to deforestation. The research highlights the complex relationship between human population density and deforestation in Madagascan tropical forests.
A new study finds that Indonesian rice farming is greatly affected by short-term climate variability, with potential for significant harm from long-term climate change. Climate models predict a shortened rainy season and increased dryness in some areas, squeezing farmers on both ends.
A study published in The Journal of Pediatrics found that delayed treatment of childhood-onset bipolar disorder results in longer periods of depression, more episodes, and increased substance abuse risk. Adults with untreated childhood-onset bipolar disorder experienced poorer quality of life and were less responsive to treatment.
Researchers at Stanford University have found that invasive plant species can flourish in resource-poor environments by adopting efficient ways to use available resources. This discovery sheds new light on how invaders achieve success and may change the way scientists think about invasive species and how to curb them.
A randomized clinical trial found that topical testosterone cream did not improve libido in postmenopausal female cancer survivors compared to a placebo. The study suggests that estrogen levels may be a crucial factor in the effectiveness of testosterone therapy for sexual desire in women.
Scientists develop methods to mark genes and proteins using stable isotopes and fluorescent markers, enabling the tracking of metabolic shifts and chromosomal abnormalities. These methods provide valuable tools for understanding biological processes and diseases such as Down syndrome and cancer.
A study by Roseanna Armitage found that chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is associated with reduced slow wave sleep and impaired sleep drive, even after a regular night's sleep. After a four-hour sleep delay, CFS individuals exhibited significantly less slow wave activity than healthy twins.
A study found that liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography can predict severe portal hypertension in patients with hepatitis C-related cirrhosis. The technique is less invasive than traditional methods like HVPG measurement and shows promise for non-invasive diagnosis.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory successfully trapped radium atoms in a magneto-optical trap, leveraging the unexpected help of room temperature blackbody radiation. This achievement marks a significant milestone in studying time-reversal violation and has implications for physics beyond the Standard Model.
A national analysis of US beverage patterns suggests that sweet drinks contribute significantly to calorie intake, while milk beverages are associated with healthier weights and higher nutrient intakes. The study recommends choosing lowfat and fat-free milk over sweetened beverages for improved diet quality.
A University of Granada research group found that climate change, not modern humans, contributed to the Neanderthal extinction in the Iberian Peninsula. Climate reconstructions revealed fluctuations related to climate changes before Homo Sapiens arrived, making cold and arid conditions the least favorable for Neanderthals.
A new high-resolution computer model has been developed to better understand how air-sea interactions affect hurricane intensity. The model uses detailed data from the Coupled Boundary Layer Air-Sea Transfer (CBLAST) field program, which provided unprecedented information about ocean and sea surface conditions near hurricanes.