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Science News for January 17, 2008


Human activities contribute to California's global warming

Recent research found California's temperatures have jumped statewide by more than 2.1 degrees Fahrenheit between 1915 and 2000, with the warming being fastest in late winter and early spring. The study suggests that natural causes alone cannot explain this trend and points to greenhouse gases and urbanization as contributing factors.

SourceDOE/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 17, 2008

Battling potential disease outbreaks online

Automated electronic medical laboratory reporting (ELR) significantly improves the completeness and timeliness of disease surveillance, allowing for earlier intervention in disease spread. The study found that ELR findings are automatically transmitted in real-time, reducing the reliance on traditional paper reports.

SourceIndiana University·JournalAmerican Journal of Public Health·DateJan 17, 2008
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

Discovery cuts cost of next generation optical fibers

Scientists have developed a new method to produce hollow-core optical fibres, which could lead to faster and more powerful computing and telecommunications technologies. The breakthrough reduces production time from around a week to just one day, making the fibre superior in virtually every respect to previous versions.

SourceUniversity of Bath·JournalOptics Express·DateJan 17, 2008

Rapid effects of intensive therapy seen in brains of patients with OCD

Researchers discovered significant changes in brain activity with intensive cognitive-behavioral therapy, leading to improved symptoms and reduced anxiety. The study suggests that this type of therapy may be more effective than previously thought, with potential implications for treatment.

SourceUniversity of California - San Diego·JournalMolecular Psychiatry·DateJan 17, 2008

Newly discovered virus linked to deadly skin cancer

Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute have identified a novel virus strongly associated with Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare but deadly skin cancer. The Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) was discovered using a novel sequencing technique and has similarities to human papillomavirus (HPV).

SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences·JournalScience·DateJan 17, 2008
Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station

Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station offers research-grade local weather data for networked stations, campuses, and community observatories.

'Nonlinear' ecosystem response points to environmental solutions

A new study indicates that preserving coastal ecosystem services doesn't have to be an all-or-nothing approach, and a better understanding of how ecosystems respond in a 'nonlinear' fashion could help reach societal compromises. The researchers used the values and uses of mangrove forests in Thailand as a case study, finding that prote...

SourceOregon State University·JournalScience·DateJan 17, 2008

Altering brain's lipid metabolism reduces Alzheimer's plaques in mice

Increasing levels of a protein called ABCA1 sharply reduced buildup of brain plaques characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in mice. Altering the brain's use of lipids may provide a new approach to treating the condition. The study highlights a promising target for potential Alzheimer's therapies.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateJan 17, 2008
DJI Air 3 (RC-N2)

DJI Air 3 (RC-N2) captures 4K mapping passes and environmental surveys with dual cameras, long flight time, and omnidirectional obstacle sensing.

Plant pathogen yields substance to fight neuroblastoma

Scientists have found a promising anti-cancer drug candidate in HC-toxin, isolated from a fungal maize pathogen. The substance inhibits histone deacetylases, altering genetic material packaging and reducing cancer cell properties.

SourceHelmholtz Association·JournalInternational Journal of Cancer·DateJan 17, 2008

Diet and lifestyle critical to recovery, says study

A new study published in Nature Genetics reveals that diet and lifestyle can significantly impact the effectiveness of certain drugs, including those used for cancer therapies. The research found that nutrient availability can either enhance or harm cell fitness, depending on the surrounding environment.

SourceUniversity of Manchester·JournalNature Genetics·DateJan 17, 2008

Paired microbes eliminate methane using sulfur pathway

Researchers have discovered that paired microbes use a sulfur compound to eliminate methane from the oceans, preventing it from reaching the atmosphere. This process is crucial for regulating global methane and carbon cycles.

SourcePenn State·JournalEnvironmental Microbiology·DateJan 17, 2008

Disability living allowance falls short for ethnic minorities

Research shows that families from non-English speaking ethnic minority backgrounds are less likely to receive Disability Living Allowance (DLA) grants than those from white, English-speaking backgrounds. Despite having similar needs, 69% of ethnic minority parents were granted DLA compared to 96% of white parents.

SourceThe Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry·JournalArchives of Disease in Childhood·DateJan 17, 2008

Scratching an itch: Neutralizing IL-22 prevents psoriasis in mice

A study found that neutralizing IL-22 prevents psoriasis-like disease in mice by reducing skin thickening and inflammatory responses. Administering IL-22 into normal mice induced psoriasis-like skin lesions, supporting the role of IL-22 in the disease.

SourceJCI Journals·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateJan 17, 2008
Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount

Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount provides precise tracking capacity for deep-sky imaging rigs during long astrophotography sessions.

Genetic diversity of European Americans and disease gene mapping

Researchers provide first genetic dissection of European American population structure, identifying key genetic variants that can correct for population substructure in disease association studies. By using a panel of 300 markers, researchers can determine whether observed associations are genuine or false-positives.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Genetics·DateJan 17, 2008

New function for colon cancer gene found

Researchers at Dartmouth Medical School have discovered that the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene plays a dual role in regulating cell growth, acting as both a tumor suppressor and a gas pedal in cell signaling. This new understanding may help identify therapeutic targets for colon cancer treatment.

SourceThe Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth·JournalScience·DateJan 17, 2008

Weill Cornell team discovers how brain's own tPA helps regulate blood flow to neurons

A recent study by Weill Cornell Medical College reveals that the brain contains its own store of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a powerful enzyme that boosts blood flow to brain cells via nitric oxide synthase. This finding has significant implications for understanding stroke and Alzheimer's disease, and may lead to new treatments.

SourceNewYork-Presbyterian·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 17, 2008
Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars

Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars deliver bright, sharp views for wildlife surveys, eclipse chases, and quick star-field scans at dark sites.

Chromosomal abnormalities play substantial role in autism

A recent study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics reveals that chromosomal abnormalities contribute substantially to autism, with 7% of children carrying unique genetic changes. The researchers identified 13 regions of the genome with overlapping or recurrent chromosomal changes in unrelated individuals with autism.

SourceCell Press·DateJan 17, 2008

Scientists: environmental protection, development not always at odds

Researchers find that small losses of mangroves can be offset by gains from shrimp farming, allowing for a balance between environmental protection and economic development. The study suggests using ecosystem-based management to conserve entire ecosystems and mitigate the impact of human activities on natural habitats.

SourceUniversity of Florida·JournalScience·DateJan 17, 2008

Discovery major step forward in treating leukemia

Researchers at the University of East Anglia have discovered a genetic pathway that makes cancerous leukaemia cells resistant to treatment. Inhibiting this pathway, called hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), reverts the cells to respond to death-inducing agents.

SourceUniversity of East Anglia·JournalBlood·DateJan 17, 2008

Predators do more than kill prey

A UC Riverside study shows that killing prey has both direct and indirect effects on ecosystems, leading to evolutionary changes in prey populations. The research found that prey adapt to food availability as well as the presence of predators, resulting in more food available to survivors.

SourceUniversity of California - Riverside·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 17, 2008

Study discovers secret of Scottish sheep evolution

Researchers found that dark coat color is linked to genes reducing fitness, contradicting Darwin's theory. The study reveals that light-coated sheep have higher reproductive success despite being smaller.

SourceUniversity of Sheffield·JournalScience·DateJan 17, 2008
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

Do today's young people really think they are so extraordinary?

Researchers found no significant increase in narcissism among college students from 1996 to 2007 compared to previous generations. High school seniors also showed no prominent increase on a related measure of self-enhancement. The study challenges previous reports suggesting a rise in narcissism among Gen Z.

SourceAssociation for Psychological Science·JournalPsychological Science·DateJan 17, 2008

New gene test for prostate cancer at hand

Researchers have identified a new gene test that can identify men with a higher risk of developing prostate cancer. The study found that men carrying a combination of known risk genes are four to five times more likely to develop the disease, providing a potential breakthrough in early detection and treatment.

SourceKarolinska Institutet·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateJan 17, 2008
Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter

Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter measures wind, temperature, and humidity in real time for site assessments, aviation checks, and safety briefings.

A tricky tumor virus

Epstein-Barr virus uses LMP1 to activate TRADD, a critical signaling molecule. Without TRADD, LMP1 loses its ability to induce apoptosis, allowing uncontrolled cell growth and cancer formation.

SourceHelmholtz Munich (Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH))·JournalPLOS Biology·DateJan 17, 2008

Alzheimer's molecule is a smart speed bump on the nerve-cell transport highway

A new study reveals a mechanism of regulating protein transport in neurons, where tau proteins act as smart speed bumps to regulate the movement of dynein and kinesin proteins. This finding provides insight into neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, which arise from impaired shipping systems.

SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalScience·DateJan 17, 2008
Creality K1 Max 3D Printer

Creality K1 Max 3D Printer rapidly prototypes brackets, adapters, and fixtures for instruments and classroom demonstrations at large build volume.

JCI table of contents: Jan. 17, 2008

Researchers have discovered that increasing lipid associated with apoE in the brain may decrease amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's patients. Meanwhile, a new study found that neutralizing IL-22 prevents psoriasis-like disease in mice, suggesting a potential approach to treating this chronic condition. Additionally, scientists have deve...

SourceJCI Journals·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateJan 17, 2008

Former US Naval captain and interim minister of health for Iraq criticizes US Department of Defense

A former US naval captain and interim health minister of Iraq criticises the US Department of Defense strategy for using achievement indicators instead of outcomes to judge the success of initiatives. The critique comes as a report confirms that far too many civilians have been killed during the US-led occupation, and many healthcare w...

SourceThe Lancet_DELETED·JournalThe Lancet·DateJan 17, 2008

Relatives who decline organ donations face conflict and guilt

Family members who declined organ donation often feel guilty due to conflicting views on the 'gift of life' vs. preserving their deceased relative's body. Despite many holding pro-donation views, they still choose not to donate out of concerns and mixed feelings about the process.

SourceBlackwell Publishing Ltd.·JournalJournal of Advanced Nursing·DateJan 17, 2008
Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro)

Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro) powers local ML workloads, large datasets, and multi-display analysis for field and lab teams.

Genetic Alliance names Genetic Testing as its official journal

Genetic Alliance has named Genetic Testing as its official journal, a peer-reviewed publication reporting on genetic testing aspects. The alliance aims to advance healthcare through informed decision-making and partnership among stakeholders.

SourceMary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News·JournalGenetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers·DateJan 17, 2008

Scientists to preview new climate change research

Researchers from NCAR and UCAR present over 100 papers on climate change, including connections between hurricanes and climate, economic value of weather forecasting, and impact on aviation. The study highlights the importance of accurate and timely weather forecasts for everyday life.

SourceNational Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research·DateJan 17, 2008

Genome scan shows Polynesians have little genetic relationship to Melanesians

A comprehensive genetic study of Pacific Islanders has found that Polynesians and Micronesians have almost no genetic relation to Melanesians. Instead, they share a strong genetic connection with Taiwan Aborigines and East Asians, suggesting a rapid migration through Island Melanesia with minimal intermingling.

SourceTemple University·JournalPLOS Genetics·DateJan 17, 2008
Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only)

Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only) delivers reliable low-light performance and rugged build for astrophotography, lab documentation, and field expeditions.

Europe should adopt WHO recommendations for particulate matter cuts

Fine particulate matter pollution linked to increased death rates from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Adopting the WHO standard of 10 µg/m3 could delay up to 7% of early deaths, while meeting the US EPA standard of 15 µg/m3 would only delay 1.6%. Reducing PM2.5 levels can also save billions in healthcare costs.

SourceBMJ Group·JournalJournal of Epidemiology and Community Health·DateJan 17, 2008

Team finds an economical way to boost the vitamin A content of maize

A team of scientists has developed an economical approach to breeding maize with higher provitamin A levels, which can combat vitamin A deficiency. By identifying a naturally mutated enzyme, they can now inexpensively screen different varieties and breed those that contain it.

SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalScience·DateJan 17, 2008

Discovery opens door to 'personalized' asthma therapy

Researchers at UTMB have identified distinct subtypes of asthma using protein profiling, which could lead to tailored treatments. The study found four different asthma subtypes, including one associated with severe and treatment-resistant disease, offering new hope for more effective asthma therapies.

SourceUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston·JournalJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·DateJan 17, 2008

Engineered mice provide insight into Alzheimer's disease

Researchers engineered mice to overexpress ABCA1, reducing amyloid deposition in the brain, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. This study provides new insights into the disease's pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets.

SourceJCI Journals·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateJan 17, 2008
Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope

Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope combines portable Schmidt-Cassegrain optics with GoTo pointing for outreach nights and field campaigns.

Materials' crystal properties illuminated by mathematical 'lighthouse'

Researchers uncover 'duality relations' between particle arrangements, enabling control of ground states and potentially creating novel materials with unique properties. The discovery could lead to materials that respond to light or mechanical stress in new ways, such as maintaining shape in extreme temperatures.

SourcePrinceton University·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateJan 17, 2008

Palestinian refugees living in 'slum conditions'

A cross-sectional survey of 437 Palestinian refugees found over half lived in one room only with no access to external ventilation or heating. Residents complained of damp and mould, while children under 15 were more likely to live in overcrowded conditions.

SourceBMJ Group·JournalJournal of Epidemiology and Community Health·DateJan 17, 2008

Short birth length more than doubles risk of violent suicide attempts

A cohort study of over 320,000 Swedish men found that short birth length more than doubles the risk of violent suicide attempts. Catch-up growth during childhood does not mitigate this risk. The study also suggests a link between low serotonin levels and impulsivity, aggression, and suicidal behavior.

SourceBMJ Group·JournalJournal of Epidemiology and Community Health·DateJan 17, 2008

Researchers reveal HIV peptide's possible pathway into the cell

Theoretical physicists at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have uncovered a simple mechanism describing how an HIV peptide penetrates cell membranes. The discovery could help treat other human illnesses by exploiting similar molecules.

SourceRensselaer Polytechnic Institute·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 17, 2008
Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply

Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply powers sensors, microcontrollers, and test circuits with programmable rails and stable outputs.

Argonne's Blue Gene/P to host large cadre of INCITE researchers

Twenty research projects have been awarded access to Argonne's 556-teraflops IBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer through the Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) program. Researchers will conduct cutting-edge simulations in fields such as nuclear simulation, high-energy physics, and climate modeling.

SourceDOE/Argonne National Laboratory·DateJan 17, 2008