A UCLA professor's analysis of over 160 studies reveals that a balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids can enhance cognitive abilities, protect the brain from damage, and counteract aging. Omega-3s have been shown to improve learning and memory, fight depression and mood disorders, and even support synaptic plasticity.
The study found that early fossil members of both the New World and Old World anthropoid lineages had small brain sizes, leading to independent brain size increase in isolated groups. The research provides new insights into the genetic controls on encephalization and its effects on skull growth and shape.
Research by Dr. A Ghiyath Shayeb found that obese men had lower semen volumes and higher proportions of abnormal sperm. Men with a healthy BMI, however, had better semen quality. The study suggests that achieving an ideal body weight before trying for a baby can improve fertility outcomes.
Researchers have found a gene mutation linked to one family's hereditary form of atrial fibrillation, leading to better understanding and potential new treatments. The discovery provides insight into pathways that may be applicable to people in the general population with atrial fibrillation.
A NOAA-led research expedition will study three German submarine wrecks sunk off North Carolina's coast in 1942. The team will use non-invasive methods to survey and photograph the visible sections of U-352, U-85, and U-701, while studying marine life at the sites.
Scientists create model nanocatalyst with controlled molybdenum sulfide nanocluster size and structure. This innovation enables designing more efficient nanocatalysts for hydrodesulfurization processes, reducing pollution from natural gas and petroleum products.
Recent advancements in genome technologies and molecular-biology techniques offer new hope for microbial bioenergy applications. Microbes can convert biomass into useful energy forms, such as methane, hydrogen, or electricity, and capture sunlight to produce liquid fuels.
Researchers measured seismic wave speed changes before two small earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault, finding anomalies that occurred hours before the events. The findings suggest a 'stress meter' could provide an indication of imminent earthquakes.
Commercial shipping releases 130,000 metric tons of soot annually, with tugboats emitting nearly a gram per kilogram of fuel burned. The high levels are linked to low-quality fuel and poor engine maintenance, contributing to air quality issues near populous urban areas.
Scientists have identified over 100 host genes required by the flu virus for successful infection using a modified flu virus in fly cells. The study reveals a powerful new way to search for antiviral pressure points, which could lead to the development of new drugs.
Researchers found that adding pressure early in their protocol dramatically speeds up proteomic analysis, reducing the time-consuming first step from four hours to just one minute. This breakthrough increases the number of samples that can be analyzed, with the pressure method generating about 10% more unique peptides.
Researchers have identified eight new proteins that transport the Plasmodium falciparum parasite's 'glue' to the surface of infected red blood cells. Removing one of these proteins prevents infected red blood cells from sticking to blood vessel walls, suggesting a potential target for new anti-malarial treatments.
A study found that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were less likely to use recommended medications after a heart attack, but 1-year adherence rates were similar for both groups. Rates of medication use varied significantly among different types of drugs.
Researchers are comparing the effectiveness of tenofovir as an oral tablet and vaginal gel for HIV prevention. The study aims to understand how each formulation works in infection-prone cells, with a focus on optimal doses and women's adherence.
Researchers discovered that hepatitis C infection causes fatty liver by elevating an enzyme called fatty acid synthase (FAS) in human liver cells. Elevated FAS levels may help determine which patients are at risk of developing life-threatening diseases like cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Researchers successfully developed human embryonic stem cells from a single cell of a 4-cell stage embryo, reducing the need for destruction of the embryo. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient production of hESCs at an earlier stage and alleviate ethical concerns surrounding the technology.
Researchers at UCSC have identified a novel type of gene regulation in mammals involving hammerhead ribozymes, which control the activity of important immune response and bone metabolism genes. The discovery challenges previous views on gene expression and suggests a more versatile role for RNA molecules.
A team of scientists has developed a system to detect potential 'biomarkers' of early forms of cancer by analyzing sugar molecules attached to proteins. The system aims to provide more accurate early diagnosis and monitoring of cancer progression.
MED-EL's new MAESTRO system demonstrates remarkable improvements in music enjoyment, with 91% of clinical investigation subjects reporting that music sounds pleasant with their cochlear implant. The FineHearing technology also provides statistically significant improvements in hearing in noisy environments.
Verbally aggressive mothers tend to control their child's behavior during play activities, often using physical negative touch to enforce their will. Children of low-aggressive mothers exhibit less resistance and follow their mother's lead more easily.
Researchers have identified a new form of fatal dementia in 16 Americans, with 10 victims already deceased, characterized by brain damage caused by misfolded protein accumulation, differing from known CJD, prompting genetic and environmental investigation
Recent discoveries of flatfish fossils have revealed a gradual evolution of asymmetrical skulls, contradicting Charles Darwin's explanations for the species' unique anatomy. The fossils, dated to the Eocene epoch, show intermediate stages between modern flatfish and their primitive ancestors.
Researchers describe the shape of the Ebola virus spike protein bound to an immune system antibody, providing a major step forward in understanding how the deadly virus works. The structure reveals vulnerable sites that can be exploited to develop potential Ebola virus vaccines or treatments.
A study suggests that more frequent hemodialysis for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) may improve their quality of life and cut down on hospitalizations. However, the increased costs of delivering hemodialysis may outweigh the benefits unless significant cost reductions are achieved.
Researchers measured changes in rock stress affecting seismic wave speed at depths where earthquakes occur, detecting 'preseismic' changes before two earthquakes. The findings could lead to a better understanding of fault-zone stress and improve earthquake prediction.
Researchers at seven universities, led by Lehigh's Dr. Lee Kern, will study interventions for high-school students with severe behavioral disorders. The goal is to develop effective school-based interventions that can help students with these challenges become productive members of society.
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed laser-produced light sources for next generation Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL), which could make the process more efficient, simpler, and cheaper. This breakthrough may lead to advancements in flash memory chips, enabling denser and faster storage.
Scientists have found a missing link in the evolution of flatfishes, explaining how they developed their unique asymmetrical body plan. The study, published in Nature, reveals that early flatfishes had intermediate characteristics, rejecting the theory that they evolved suddenly as 'hopeful monsters'.
A new analysis of kidney transplant data found that male kidneys function better in men than women, who have a higher risk of rejection. The study, based on almost 200,000 cases, suggests that gender should be considered when allocating donor kidneys.
NOAA researchers discovered that inhaled brevetoxins from red tides can damage DNA and attach to genetic code, potentially leading to cancer. Long-term exposure could add to cumulative DNA damage, increasing cancer risk.
The study found that physical changes caused by damming have a disproportionate adverse effect on native fish, which are more vulnerable due to their life history differences. The researchers suggest recreating the high-flow, sediment-rich waters of the Colorado River to reverse the decline in native species.
A new study suggests that water on the Moon's surface came from volcanic eruptions over 3 billion years ago, rather than vaporization during its formation. Researchers used advanced techniques to detect tiny amounts of water in lunar samples, revealing a significant amount of water in glass beads.
A new study from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center found that HER2-positive breast cancers have four to five times more cancer stem cells than HER2-negative cancers. The drug Herceptin was shown to reduce cancer stem cell numbers by 80 percent, targeting and destroying these cells.
Scientists propose that sunlight increases or decreases the spin rate of asteroids, leading to moon formation through material slung off at the equator. This process exposes fresh material at the poles and coalesces into a satellite orbiting its parent.
Scientists have discovered the location of doped hole carriers that aggregate in high-temperature superconductors, advancing understanding of how they form pairs. This finding reveals the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity, suggesting that non-superconducting vortex cores may exhibit collective magnetism.
Scientists have discovered that inhibiting an enzyme involved in programmed cell death can protect brain regions from neurodegeneration in living birds. The research has the potential to help develop clinical strategies for treating strokes and human age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia.
A new study found that palm oil plantations supported few bird and butterfly species, despite efforts to increase biodiversity. Preserving natural forests was more effective in increasing species richness, but even this approach had a limited impact.
A study from MIT researchers found that a dietary cocktail combining omega-3 fatty acid, uridine, and choline improves memory and learning in gerbils. The combination is being tested in Alzheimer's patients, suggesting a possible beverage-based treatment for the disease.
Researchers found that increasing sensor grid size from .5 square meters to 5.1 square meters has no significant impact on precision management outcomes. This larger grid requires fewer sensors and makes fertilizer application easier and more cost-efficient for farmers.
Recent advances in autism research have highlighted the importance of genetics in the causes of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Scientists have identified the first autism disease genes, which may lead to new therapeutic strategies for treatment interventions.
Researchers are developing novel hit-to-lead drug discovery strategies utilizing a combination of high-throughput screening, miniaturization, and advanced data analysis. This approach enables the identification of promising compounds with increased efficiency, leading to faster and more effective disease treatments.
Researchers discovered young women's breast cancers share unique genomic traits, including activated gene sets that distinguish them from older woman's tumors. These findings may lead to the development of targeted therapies for younger patients.
A study found that higher levels of liver protein fetuin-A are associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in older adults. The researchers measured fetuin-A levels in 519 diabetes-free individuals aged 70-79 years and found a significant association between fetuin-A and the development of diabetes.
A new study from Duke University Medical Center found that changes in doctors' reimbursement for chemotherapy treatments did not affect patients' access to care. The study measured patient access by looking at distance traveled and time between diagnosis and initiation of chemotherapy.
Despite controversy over potential side effects on suicidal behaviour, antidepressant use in western countries correlates with declining suicide mortality. Experts like Professor Erkki Isometsä argue for a balanced view of clinical and epidemiological facts to inform treatment decisions.
Researchers at McMaster University have developed self-moisturizing contact lenses using hyaluronic acid, a natural polymer found in the human body. This innovative approach reduces eye dryness and increases wearer comfort, offering a greener alternative to existing synthetic materials.
Researchers have created a microbe-based solution to clean up leftovers from ethanol production, saving producers millions in energy costs. The technology can recycle 80% of the organic material, reducing waste and producing valuable co-products worth $400 million annually.
Regular cycling can cause genital numbness, erection problems and skin irritations in men. Choosing the right bike is essential to prevent these health issues, including ensuring proper saddle fit, pedal resistance and padding.
Swine waste fertilizer can be improved by altering phosphorus levels in the diet, resulting in slower phosphorus accumulation in soil. This approach reduces excess nutrients that can pollute the environment.
New research indicates that the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 has not led to significant changes in patient wait times or travel distance for chemotherapy treatment. The study found that the number of patients traveling farther for chemotherapy remained stable after 2003, with no major increases in wait times.
A study analyzing 8,970 ICSI cycles found that younger women (35 and under) achieved a pregnancy in 50.8% of their first attempts, decreasing to 18.2% by the fifth attempt. In contrast, women over 40 had a lower pregnancy rate of about 20%, consistent throughout four attempts.
A team led by Professor Richard Ford is awarded a $1.85M contract to continue researching biologically-inspired tactical security infrastructure (BITSI) for military computing and disaster relief operations. The project aims to build computers that can protect themselves when under attack, using biological systems as inspiration.
Scientists have made significant progress in understanding the replication of bluetongue virus, a major economic threat to farming. The 'heart' of the virus lies in its enzymes, which are crucial for initiating and sustaining infection.
Researchers have created the first outline of aortic arch development and identified the role of the gene unc45a in forming AVMs. The study provides new understanding into how these congenital circulatory defects develop, shedding light on genetic and physiological factors that contribute to their formation.
Researchers found that women with smaller uteri are at higher risk of premature twins, leading to increased foetal mortality and medical complications. Using transvaginal ultrasound to measure uterine height can help medical professionals make informed decisions about embryo transfer.
Researchers discovered a strong association between elevated fetuin-A levels and the development of type 2 diabetes in older adults. The study found that higher fetuin-A levels were associated with a significantly increased risk of diabetes, with the strongest association seen in the third highest quartile of fetuin-A levels.
Researchers have developed a plant-derived vaccine against Alzheimer's disease using transgenic tomatoes expressing human beta-amyloid protein. The study showed a strong immune response in mice, but the potency of the vaccine needs to be increased.
A new study suggests that increasing mineral intake, particularly potassium, through diet can lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products may help achieve these benefits.
A study by the University of Bonn and Karolinska Institute found that a specific gene variant in women's endorphin metabolism is altered more often in female alcoholics than in healthy women. In mice, endorphins play a crucial role in ethanol consumption, particularly among females.
A new study led by NYU Dentistry shows that weak HIV viruses can replicate and contribute to AIDS development through cooperative interaction with stronger viruses. This mechanism enables some viruses to reproduce faster and evade immune responses.