Induced hypothermia has been shown to reduce permeability of the blood-brain barrier and formation of small blood clots after injury. However, its use is underutilized in the UK and US due to lack of implementation strategies.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge found that low serotonin levels are associated with increased impulsivity, particularly during social interactions. The study suggests that boosting serotonin levels through diet or therapy may help alleviate symptoms of depression, OCD, and anxiety disorders.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have discovered the structure of nanoparticle haloing, a new method for stabilizing colloids. The discovery reveals that nanoparticles form a loosely organized layer around microspheres, suggesting a weak attraction between the two, and opens up new possibilities for producing novel materials.
According to a University of Washington study, teenagers attending college are significantly less likely to engage in risky sexual behavior than those who do not attend college. The study found that college students were more likely to always use a condom and less likely to engage in casual sex or high-risk sex.
Researchers found that primary care visits in the preceding year are associated with fewer hospital days, lower costs, and less in-hospital death among Medicare beneficiaries. Providing more primary care may improve quality of end-of-life care while reducing time spent in hospitals and overall costs.
A study published in The Lancet found that primary hyperaldosteronism is more common than previously thought, particularly in patients with resistant hypertension. Researchers analyzed data from 20 years and confirmed the diagnosis using salt suppression tests and spironolactone treatment.
Trachoma causes blindness in 84 million people worldwide, but progress has been made since 1995 with a decline from 15% to 4% of global blindness. The SAFE strategy's success is attributed to improved socioeconomic conditions and widespread implementation.
A new study suggests mountain ranges like the Andes can rise rapidly, doubling their heights in a short period. The traditional theory of plate tectonics will need to be revised to include the process of delamination, which proposes that the 'root' beneath the crust heats up and breaks free, allowing mountains to quickly rise.
The University of Texas at San Antonio's Institute for Cyber Security has been awarded $7.5 million in funding to develop and test security models for data transfer among government agencies. UTSA will lead a team with top universities, focusing on proactive information sharing to connect the dots
The new Clinician's Guide incorporates the World Health Organization's absolute fracture prediction algorithm (FRAX), increasing the identification of patients at risk for osteoporosis. The guide now applies to men over 50 and post-menopausal non-Caucasian women, including African-Americans, Asians, and Latinas.
A new magnetic resonance imaging unit will be put into operation in Malawi, allowing physicians to assess malaria damage before a child has died and diagnose a wide range of illnesses. The machine will also enable radiologists to send images to the US for second opinions and serve neighboring countries with no MRI machines.
Mathematicians Dmitry Khavinson and Genevra Neumann describe how their work on the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra led them to questions in astrophysics, specifically gravitational lensing. Their result resolves a conjecture of Sun Hong Rhie, establishing that the number of zeros of certain rational harmonic functions is 5n - 5.
Research published in Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases found that moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis by up to 50%. The study, which involved over 2,750 participants, also highlighted the importance of quitting smoking as a key preventive measure.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered that caspases, known as 'killer enzymes,' play a crucial role in cell differentiation. By manipulating programmed cell death pathways and caspase targets, scientists may be able to revert somatic cells into embryonic stem cell-like states.
Researchers used human stem cells to repair defective wiring in the brain and spinal cord of mice with a neurological condition similar to fatal childhood diseases. The treatment showed promising results, with four mice appearing completely cured and six living far beyond their usual lifespan.
A substantial proportion of rectal cancer patients receive inappropriate surgical care due to wide variations in practice. The use of abdominoperineal excision (APE) rates have declined, but disparities persist among different regions and surgeon experience levels.
Researchers found that simple membranes composed of fatty acids can allow small molecules to pass through, supporting a theory about the first cells' interactions with their environment. The study also confirms the ability of nucleotide molecules to form DNA within vesicles, suggesting a possible way for early cells to replicate.
Research from McMaster University found that brief, high-intensity sprints improve blood vessel function and structure, similar to traditional long-duration exercise. The study suggests that short bursts of intense exercise can reap the same cardiovascular benefits as longer workouts.
Research suggests that women who started drinking at younger ages are more likely to develop alcohol dependence, with those starting before age 17 facing a 50-80% increased risk. The study also found that the earlier onset of drinking is a strong predictor of subsequent alcohol dependence.
Scientists at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center have developed a novel method for creating massive telescope mirrors on the Moon, utilizing carbon nanotubes and lunar dust. The technique enables the production of highly reflective mirrors with minimal effort and cost, paving the way for giant telescopes up to 50 meters in diameter.
Researchers use zebrafish to track GnRH neurons' migration, a critical step in pubertal development. The study aims to understand molecular mechanisms behind delayed puberty and its causes, such as Kallmann syndrome.
Researchers from Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research propose five-step action plan to regulate cormorant populations in Europe. A common management strategy is needed due to varying national attitudes towards culling, with some countries opposing the practice.
A new study from the University of Melbourne found that Kylie Minogue's breast cancer diagnosis led to a significant increase in breast imaging and biopsies among low-risk women, particularly those aged 25-34. Despite the surge in screening activity, the rates of breast cancer detection did not change significantly.
Researchers found that critical patients in ICUs can reduce oxide stress and improve their clinical situation by taking antioxidant supplements through diet. The study, published in Critical Care, established recommended amounts of vitamins A, E, and C, as well as minerals, for proper antioxidant defenses.
The study found that the UK and Israel produced substantially more research in human embryonic stem cells than other fields. In contrast, Australia showed a modest result due to its mixed policy on stem cell research. The US is still the largest producer of research in this field but lags behind when compared to other similar fields.
Researchers highlight biological, societal, and healthcare-related factors contributing to racial disparities in chronic kidney disease. Healthcare providers are advised to improve communication, advocate for better systems, and conduct relevant research to provide personalized care.
Research by JMU researchers suggests that adding probiotic bacteria to the skin of mountain yellow-legged frogs can lessen the effects of a lethal skin pathogen. Field studies have also shown that populations with higher proportions of individuals with anti-pathogen bacteria are more likely to survive.
A Phase 2 clinical trial of GCS-100, a polysaccharide targeting galectin-3, demonstrates apoptosis induction and reduced leukocyte counts in relapsed CLL patients. The treatment was generally well tolerated with mild-to-moderate adverse events.
Dr. David M. Engman, a renowned expert in Chagas disease research, has been awarded the prestigious ASIP-AMGEN Outstanding Investigative Award. His work focuses on understanding the mechanisms of Chagas disease and creating animal models to develop new treatments.
Researchers develop model predicting disease outbreaks based on weather patterns and climate variability. The study shows an association between high temperature and daily incidence of cryptosporidiosis in Massachusetts, highlighting the need for better understanding of how climate affects disease spread.
Researchers discovered that an Antarctic ice stream radiates seismic waves, similar to earthquakes, due to the 'stick-slip' phenomenon. The ice stream moves about 18 inches within ten minutes, producing two bursts of seismic waves per day.
Unsafe abortions are common in Latin America and Africa, with 3.7 million and 4.2 million reported annually, respectively. The lack of access to safe abortion services exacerbates maternal mortality and social injustice. Feminist groups and civil organizations advocate for decriminalization, but conservative positions hinder progress.
A randomized trial found that extending antiretroviral regimens can significantly reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission. Infants receiving extended prophylaxis had lower rates of HIV infection compared to those receiving standard care.
Researchers found a previously unknown cooperation between pancreatic beta cells and alpha cells, crucial for glucose balance. The discovery may lead to better blood sugar regulation in diabetes patients by targeting the glucagon/glutamate pathway.
Researchers found that licensed pesticide applicators who used chlorinated pesticides for over 100 days were at greater risk of developing diabetes. The study associated specific pesticides with a 20-200% increase in risk, with trichlorfon showing the strongest relationship.
The EcoNet wireless sensor network allows for continuous and inconspicuous monitoring of environmental factors such as temperature and luminosity in remote locations. This enables researchers to uncover anomalies early on and investigate them promptly, providing valuable insights into global environmental changes.
Road traffic deaths in China have surged almost 100% over two decades, with the leading cause of death for people up to age 45. The study found that deaths increased by 95% between 1985 and 2005, despite a decrease in road-related injuries.
Researchers are discovering microbes that can efficiently produce inexpensive, environmentally friendly biofuels as alternatives to oil. These microorganisms can ferment biomass into ethanol and biodiesel, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change.
A study found that Mexican-American men are more likely to endorse traditional masculine roles than European-American or black men. High SES is linked to a stronger adherence to these roles, even at the expense of emotional pressure.
Bioengineers at Rice University have developed a method to stimulate cartilage cell growth using intense pressure, resulting in tissue with nearly all properties of natural cartilage. The new process has potential for treating arthritis and repairing damaged tissues, but further testing is needed.
A study of 372 teenagers found that 18% admitted to eating problems, while anxiety was a more significant issue. Students with anxiety were 20 times more likely to experience ongoing eating problems and had higher rates of depression and health complaints.
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill found that non-white defendants are nearly twice as likely to receive severe prison sentences than white defendants. The study of North Carolina cases from 2000 and 2001 highlights the need for re-examining judicial responses to child abuse.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic found that heart patients who met regularly with cardiac 'disease managers' for three years had better control of risk factors and lower death rates. The approach demonstrated clear clinical benefits, including improved cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and medication compliance.
Researchers at Ohio State University have developed a new way to protect computer networks from Internet worms by automatically detecting infections within minutes. The method involves monitoring the number of scans sent out by machines on a network and isolating infected machines in quarantine for repairs.
AstraZeneca has submitted a sNDA for Symbicort, a combination of budesonide and formoterol, for the treatment of asthma in pediatric patients aged 6 to 11 years old. The medication is currently approved for patients 12 years and older.
Research at UCLA found that interventions addressing early life experiences, including childhood sexual abuse, can reduce high-risk sex and depressive symptoms among HIV-positive African American and Hispanic men. Social support within the groups played a significant role in these positive changes.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have unlocked secrets of newly discovered iron-based high-temperature superconductors, revealing new physics and mysteries. The findings suggest a need for fresh theoretical models to develop superconductors that can operate at room temperature.
The Burroughs Wellcome Fund has awarded $7 million to 14 researchers studying infectious diseases. The award aims to encourage multidisciplinary approaches to understanding host-pathogen interactions.
Numerical earthquake models are providing a means to understand physical processes and predict earthquakes, reducing damage and loss of life. Simulations show that surface-rupturing earthquakes absorb more seismic energy than buried ones, resulting in less ground shaking.
A new study found that low doses of resveratrol mimic the heart-healthy effects of caloric restriction, suggesting a possible explanation for France's low incidence of heart disease. The compound may also promote mitochondrial health and have anti-aging benefits.
Professor Nakamura's revolutionary light-emitting diodes and blue laser diode have significantly contributed to the progress of humanity in energy efficiency. The award recognizes his work as a major breakthrough, enabling solid-state lighting to replace traditional incandescent and fluorescent lighting up to ten times more efficiently.
A new report reveals that a non-ambulatory child with a cervical spinal cord injury was able to restore basic walking function after intensive locomotor training. The child's progress from no ability to stand or walk to full ambulation using a walker is significant, suggesting that the central nervous system may be retrained. Research ...
Researchers are using the Allen Telescope Array to target a specific area of the sky, the ecliptic plane, where they believe civilizations may be more likely to transmit signals. This targeted search increases the chances of detecting extraterrestrial life in our galaxy.
Researchers found that high-energy electrons are lost by the inner radiation belt during VLF transmitter periods, suggesting human systems can control radiation belt dynamics. Additionally, enhanced mixing within Southern Ocean fronts influences global ocean circulation and climate.
Two studies suggest breastfeeding can reduce infant mortality and HIV infection rates, particularly among infected infants. In resource-poor settings, abrupt cessation of breastfeeding after four months may be harmful, while extended anti-HIV treatment can greatly reduce the risk of infection.
A family history of colorectal cancer is associated with a significant reduction in cancer recurrence and death, especially among patients receiving chemotherapy treatment. The study found that having more affected first-degree relatives further increased the protective effect, suggesting a distinct underlying molecular mechanism.
Research suggests that average supermarket shoppers are willing to pay a premium price for locally produced foods, with a notable difference between farm market and retail grocery shoppers. Shoppers prioritize buying food from small farms over corporate operations and value freshness guarantees.
International researchers discovered that Asian and European honeybees can share information and cooperate through dance language despite their geographical distance. The study showed that the two species can decipher encoded messages correctly after adjustment in a mixed colony.
Researchers at Brown University have developed a method to regenerate cartilage naturally by creating a synthetic surface that attracts cartilage-forming cells. The team, led by Thomas Webster, uses carbon nanotubes to stimulate cell growth through electrical pulses, which appears to enhance cartilage regeneration.
Research by NARSAD scientists provides clues on how genes impair attention, memory, and perception in psychiatric illnesses like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. The study focuses on specific genes and family traits that contribute to the susceptibility and pathology of these diseases.