Researchers have created a unique internet facility called Open Ontology Repository (OOR) to store diverse collections of concepts and facilitate complex systems in various sectors. OOR will support advanced logic systems and save time and money in manufacturing control, supply chain management, and biomedical management.
Research at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute reveals that smokers with stage III colon cancer have a 22% increased risk of recurrence or death compared to never-smokers. A 20+ pack year smoking history before age 30 was found to be particularly harmful, increasing the risk by 37%
A new study from Karolinska Institutet found that men who exercise regularly are less likely to die from cancer than those who don't. The researchers discovered a 33% increased survival rate among men who walked or cycled for at least 30 minutes a day, with more extensive physical activity leading to a 16% lower incidence of cancer.
Researchers found DNA abnormalities in the KIT gene linked to highly malignant skin cancers, offering hope for effective treatments. The study could lead to targeted therapies within 18 months.
Karen H. Antman, MD, will receive the Distinguished Service Award for Scientific Leadership from ASCO at their annual meeting in Chicago. She is recognized for her development of a standard treatment regimen for sarcoma and has made significant contributions to cancer research.
Researchers at Rice University create nanoscale 'baton'-like particles that spontaneously assemble into bag-like sacs around oil droplets in water. This phenomenon could lead to innovative technologies for cleaning up oil spills and polluted groundwater, as well as delivering drugs with controlled release.
Researchers at Brandeis University have uncovered a molecular switch in the 'nature's blowtorch' enzyme cytochrome P450. The protein chain can change its structure through a 180-degree rotation, allowing for precise control over oxidation reactions.
The Ohio State University Center for Clinical and Translational Science will provide support services to researchers while fostering collaboration with other medical centers. The grant will accelerate research outcomes at Ohio State and elsewhere, leading to faster development of treatments for patients.
A study led by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute researchers found that black patients with advanced cancer were more likely to die in a hospital intensive care unit than white patients. The findings suggest that black patients may have a stronger preference for life-extending treatment, despite having a terminal prognosis.
UBC and McGill researchers simulated supervolcano eruptions using Plexiglas models filled with corn syrup. The study sheds light on the complex flow effects inside a magma chamber during an eruption. A potential global nuclear winter could result from a large supervolcano eruption, causing widespread devastation and crop failures.
A study by Indiana University School of Medicine found that bilateral cochlear implants significantly improve hearing in noisy environments and overall quality of life. The benefits of the second implant outweighed its added cost, offering improved cognitive skills and emotional well-being for profoundly deaf individuals.
A new geomorphological index has been created to study active tectonics in mountains, identifying four classes of activity and using six geomorphological indicators. The index is based on land forms and direct evidence of active faults, with applications in regions like southern Spain where studies are not widely distributed.
A study published in Cortex found that children who can read but struggle with spelling are more likely to be right-handed. This subgroup of poor spellers was also found to have better hand skills, suggesting a possible link between phonetic skills and handedness.
A study by OHSU Cancer Institute researchers found that nearly 67% of stomach cancer patients are not getting the best therapy, despite compelling clinical data available since 2001. The study also showed a five-month survival advantage for patients who received chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Bdelloid rotifers acquire genes from bacteria, fungi, and plants through environmental DNA incorporation. This process may contribute to their speciation and adaptability.
The Harvard CTSC will transform patient-oriented medical research, creating unity and communication across the University's disparate schools and affiliated medical centers. The center will facilitate collaboration, provide online tools, and distribute pilot grants to junior investigators.
A recent study reveals thousands of times more bacteria on the seafloor than in the water above, with higher diversity and abundance compared to hydrothermal vents. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of the deep-sea carbon cycle and the emergence of life.
A new EC-funded project aims to unite Europe's biological data resources into a sustainable, integrative network for life sciences research. The European Life-science Infrastructure for Biological Information (ELIXIR) project will provide a secure funding mechanism and protect valuable data from insecure or short-term funding.
Long-term cancer survivors are experiencing unmet needs for symptom management, leading to a poor quality of life. The European CanCer Organisation is working to bridge the gap between oncology and palliative care to provide comprehensive care for all stages of disease.
A gene therapy called Advexin has shown significant improvement in survival rates for patients with end-stage head and neck cancer by restoring tumor-suppressor gene p53 expression. Patients with a favorable p53 profile experienced a median survival of 7.2 months, compared to 2.7 months for those with an unfavorable profile.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania's CEET have discovered that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can lead to mutations in critical genes in lung cancer through oxidative stress. PAHs transform into oxygen free radicals, which bind to DNA and cause damage if not repaired.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have identified a fruit fly protein called Argos that acts as a decoy receptor to neutralize tumor growth factors. This discovery may lead to new cancer drug designs by mimicking the silent binding of growth factors, similar to existing treatments like Avastin.
A new statistical tool could help explain gene study variations by tracing coding sequences of genes to a single ancestral copy, accounting for genetic differences among subpopulations. Researchers will use this approach to analyze data from an existing database on stroke risk in black children, improving disease diagnosis and treatment.
The DIABIMMUNE project investigates the relationship between high living standards, immune system development, and the emergence of autoimmune diseases and allergies. The study focuses on Finnish and Russian Karelian children, finding that high living standards promote the development of these conditions.
Researchers at Florida State University have discovered a novel superconducting material that operates at relatively high temperatures and tolerates high magnetic fields, making it suitable for a range of applications. The discovery offers promise for improving MRI machines, research magnets, and electric motors.
A new study reveals that longer, more complex crop rotations increase organic corn yields by 30%, while also improving soybean yields. The results show that diverse crop systems can help address production challenges in organic grain crop production.
Pasko Rakic's work has revealed how neurons in the developing cerebral cortex are generated and assembled into highly ordered circuits. His discoveries have transformed our understanding of brain function and development, with implications for treatments of brain disorders.
A USC study found that pre-menopausal women with metastatic colorectal cancer lived longer than younger men, while older women had significantly worse overall survival. The study also showed ethnic differences in survival rates, with Hispanics and Asians having better outcomes than Caucasians and African-Americans.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have developed a monkey that can feed itself using only its brain signals. The advancement in brain-machine interface technology could lead to better prosthetics for people with spinal cord injuries and those with locked-in conditions.
A new study conducted by the Medical College of Wisconsin researchers found that sedentary high school girls are at a significant risk for developing osteoporosis. The study discovered that nearly 78% of female high school athletes and 65% of non-athletes display components of the female athlete triad, including low bone mineral density.
Researchers at NIST discovered iron-based superconductors with magnetism similar to copper-oxide materials. These similarities suggest a critical interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in high-temperature superconductors.
Women who have taken menopausal hormone therapy before are at a 37% higher risk of breast cancer than those who never used it. The risk is highest when taking combined estrogen and progestin therapies, with an increased risk by 73% during use.
Researchers found NSAID use reduced Alzheimer's disease risk by 23% compared to non-users. The type of NSAID did not affect the risk reduction, challenging current theories about ibuprofen's benefits.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Nursing found that stretching exercises reduced preeclampsia incidence by less than 5% compared to walking. The study suggests that stretching may be a protective effect against preeclampsia, particularly for women with a high risk of developing the condition.
The world's fastest-growing mud volcano, Lusi, is collapsing and could subside to depths of over 140 meters, according to new research from Durham University. The volcano, which erupted in 2006, has caused significant damage and displacement, with 14 people killed and 30,000 evacuated.
A study by ASPS found that rejuvenating or returning volume to the deep fat compartment in cheeks makes the cheek more youthful and improves volume loss under the eyes, eliminating 'parentheses' lines around the nose and mouth.
UCLA researchers found that smokers who ingested high levels of flavonoids had a lower risk of developing lung cancer. Flavonoids are water-soluble plant pigments with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
A University of South Florida study found that protein MAEBL is essential for malaria parasites to invade mosquito salivary glands, allowing transmission to humans. By silencing the receptor for MAEBL, researchers hope to block passage of the parasite through mosquitoes.
A UCR-led research team found that an abrupt release of methane triggered global warming and ended the last 'snowball' ice age. The study suggests that methane clathrate destabilization acted as a runaway feedback to increased warming.
Researchers at Kew Gardens are testing a sensor device that gathers crucial data on air temperature, humidity, and soil moisture to help farmers in Africa make informed decisions about planting and harvesting. The device aims to optimize crop yields, reduce waste, and improve food security for local communities.
A new study by Dr. Martha Turner and colleagues found that patients with confabulation, a condition where memories are distorted after brain damage, all shared damage to the inferior medial prefrontal cortex. This discovery sheds light on how the human brain controls memory and distinguishes true from false recollections.
Researchers at Caltech identified a sugar molecule produced by beneficial gut bacteria that induces immune cells to produce anti-inflammatory molecules, potentially treating inflammatory bowel diseases. The discovery suggests a new approach to treating human diseases linked to the loss of beneficial microbial interactions with our bodies.
A team of Japanese scientists has designed the world's first optical pacemaker for laboratory research, utilizing powerful laser pulses to regulate heart muscle cell contractions. This breakthrough technique may aid in understanding uncoordinated heart contractions and developing anti-fibrillation drugs.
USC researchers have identified specific genetic markers in cancer cells that predict the benefit of a novel cancer drug. The study suggests that patients with tumors exhibiting these gene expression profiles may experience increased patient benefit from the incorporation of the drug into their treatment.
Diporeia, a small crustacean, has declined dramatically in Lake Michigan and other Great Lakes, threatening the ecosystem and $4 billion sport fishing industry. Researchers are exploring possible causes, including invasive mussels and pollutants like pesticides and PCBs.
Seven pioneering scientists recognized for transforming human knowledge in nanoscience, neuroscience and astrophysics. The Kavli prizes have been awarded to seven scientists who have advanced our understanding of ultra-small matter properties, brain circuitry and quasars.
A cross-disciplinary research team from Harvard University, Whitehead Institute, and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard has uncovered significant new information about the molecular changes that underlie direct reprogramming. The researchers found that most cells fail to reprogram due to activation of normal 'fail safe' mechanisms.
Sullivan is working to design synthetic DNA delivery materials that mimic elements of histone architecture, which can protect and direct payloads during transport. She aims to develop materials that trigger the release and functionality of cargo DNA once it reaches its target site.
A new analysis by the March of Dimes found that nearly all increases in singleton preterm births in the US are due to c-section deliveries. Late preterm babies account for most of this rise, with a greater risk of complications such as breathing problems and delayed brain development.
A team of researchers, led by Stephanie Wachter and Vikram Dwarkadas, investigated the mysterious ring surrounding magnetar SGR 1900+14. They concluded that a powerful flare from the magnetar formed the ring, which measures seven light-years across.
Researchers found that prucalopride significantly improved bowel movements and quality of life for patients with severe chronic constipation. The study involved 620 patients who received either prucalopride or a placebo, showing that nearly half took notice in their bowel movements per week.
Researchers have elucidated the structure and function of an enzyme decorating antibiotics with sugar molecules, which can help overcome antibiotic resistance. By understanding how these sugars are made, they aim to develop unnatural sugars with different properties.
A study published in Nutrition Research shows Pycnogenol improves diabetes control and reduces antihypertensive medications. The extract lowered blood sugar, LDL cholesterol, and blood pressure in patients with type II diabetes, suggesting it may serve as a potent adjunct to prescription medications.
A study by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons found that after massive weight loss, the majority of patients desire body contouring plastic surgery. Younger, divorced women who had minimally-invasive gastric bypass surgery showed the strongest interest in these procedures. Additionally, breast reconstruction studies revealed that...
A Binghamton University researcher will receive a $1.33 million NIH grant to study the side effects of Parkinson's disease treatment, with a focus on reducing dyskinesia and suppressing abnormal motor movements. The research aims to develop new treatments that can address these issues and improve patient outcomes.
Studies revealed that people's brains respond differently to unfairness, with the orbital frontal cortex reacting to giving and the insula processing inequity. The findings suggest that a basic impulse to be fair is hardwired in humans, driven by emotional responses.
New research published in 'Significance' magazine finds that UK school league tables are based on flawed methodology, leading to inaccurate judgments of a school's quality. The study suggests that the tables do not provide sufficient evidence to support institutional choice or accountability.
Astronomers have detected a giant ring around a rare and exotic star known as a magnetar, which was likely produced by a massive flare. The discovery provides valuable insights into the phenomenon associated with magnetars, a type of neutron star with incredibly strong magnetic fields.
Researchers found that topical retinoic acid, carbon dioxide laser resurfacing, and injections of cross-linked hyaluronic acid improve skin's appearance and resistance to bruising by stimulating new collagen production. Collagen collapse is a key factor in skin aging, but fibroblast cells can recover and make more collagen.
A molecule produced by gut bacteria, called polysaccharide A (PSA), has been shown to eliminate symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in animal models. PSA promotes immune system cells to secrete IL-10, which suppresses inflammation caused by IBD.