A new study suggests that embryonic cells giving rise to connective and skeletal tissues of the skull and facial structures do not originate from the neural crest as previously believed. Instead, they come from a distinct thin layer of epidermal epithelial cells next to the neural crest.
Glowing films developed by UC San Diego chemists can quickly reveal trace amounts of nitrogen-based explosives, providing evidence in crime-solving. The technology uses fluorescent polymers that emit blue light under UV light, detecting minute amounts of explosives.
A new analysis suggests that healthy postmenopausal women with normal blood cholesterol levels are at no increased short-term risk for heart attack when taking hormone therapy. Women with a low LDL to HDL ratio have an even lower risk of heart attack or death from hormone therapy.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have successfully reinvigorated a failed HIV drug by adding gold nanoparticles, which enhances its binding capability and prevents the virus from gaining a foothold. This innovative approach offers new hope for treating HIV infection.
A recent study published in the journal Cancer found that pre-operative assessments by physical therapists can detect and treat lymphedema, a chronic condition caused by excess lymph fluid. The study showed that early detection and management can prevent the condition from progressing to a chronic stage.
The HORIZONS-AMI trial shows that bivalirudin reduces adverse clinical events by 24%, mortality by 33%, and cardiac mortality by 38% compared to heparin and GPI in heart attack patients. This is the largest study ever to focus on anticoagulant medications in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh have identified Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) as a potential target for treating hypertriglyceridemia. Inhibiting FoxO1 in the liver curbs triglyceride secretion in obese and diabetic animals.
A team of scientists discovered that Vpx protein enables the AIDS virus to reproduce by facilitating reverse transcription in the simian virus life-cycle. The findings are significant as they suggest potential new strategies to prevent replication.
Researchers discovered that video games can boost creativity when players are highly energized and in a positive mood. Conversely, low arousal and negative emotions lead to the highest levels of creativity. The study suggests harnessing emotional elements in games to spark creative thought and problem-solving skills.
Researchers at UCLA identified a type of leukemia stem cell and uncovered the genetic mechanisms that cause normal blood stem cells to become cancerous. This discovery may lead to new therapies targeting these stem cells, potentially curing certain cancers.
A global map shows 'fire scars' on Earth's surface every year since the turn of the Millennium, revealing annual burns of 3.5-4.5 million km2 of vegetation. The data is vital for scientists monitoring global warming and managing forests.
A new study reveals the nitric oxide system plays a crucial role in regulating proteins and controlling cellular activity. The discovery opens up new avenues for biochemical research and potential therapeutic applications.
A special diabetes care package for UK residents of south Asian ethnic origin has delivered some benefits, including reduced blood pressure and cholesterol levels. However, improving glycaemic control remains a major challenge, and further measures are needed to address health inequalities in this population.
New research from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine reveals drug-eluting stents outperform bare metal stents in reducing mortality and need for future cardiac procedures. The study found that patients with drug-coated stents saved an average of $1,350 worth of follow-up care during the year.
This year’s JDRF award recipients are Dr. Michael Brownlee for his work on the biochemical basis of diabetic complications, Dr. Maike Sander for her understanding of insulin-producing cells, and Dr. Michael German for his research on pancreatic beta cell structure and development.
A new method by MIT researchers distinguishes between large groups of microbes based on their ecological niches. By analyzing genetic data and habitat preferences, scientists can now classify microbes with greater accuracy.
A study funded by the National Institutes of Health found that reducing early blockages in bloodsstream access does not increase the likelihood that the access will function adequately for long-term treatments. Fistulas are the preferred type of access since they clot less often, experience fewer infections, and are less costly.
A recent study has cast doubt on CD133's status as a colon cancer stem cell marker, finding that the protein is expressed by most cells in colon tumors, not just stem cells. Both CD133+ and CD133- cells can initiate tumors when transplanted into mice.
New data reveals genetic variation in AKT1 affects cognition and grey-matter volume in the frontostriatal region, a brain area dysfunctional in individuals with schizophrenia. This association may increase the risk of developing the condition.
Researchers developed a novel, computer-based approach to study lipoprotein profiles and identify patients at risk for cardiovascular disease. By simulating every single lipoprotein in blood plasma, the model revealed possibly clinically-relevant abnormalities that would remain undetected by evaluating only LDL and HDL.
The L'Oreal USA Fellowships recognize women scientists conducting innovative research across various disciplines, including neuroscience, oceanography, and aerospace engineering. The recipients will receive $40,000 for independent scientific research and participate in professional development workshops.
A new study identifies CUL7 E3 ubiquitin ligase as a key regulator of protein degradation linked to cellular senescence. The researchers found that the enzyme targets insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) for degradation, leading to oncogene-induced senescence.
A unique HIV vaccine formulation has been shown to induce strong and balanced immune responses in healthy human volunteers. The combination approach used in the study achieved high titer antibodies that recognized a diverse group of HIV envelope proteins, providing promising results for future efforts to optimize HIV vaccine formulations.
Research by University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center scientists shows stabilizing p53 can protect mutated versions that promote cancer cell spread. The p53 gene's normal role is to halt defective cell division and force self-destruction.
Researchers documented the arms race within viral and host genes, showing viruses shuffling DNA to evade RNA silencers. This study sheds light on constant warfare between viruses and microbes, with economic impacts on industries using microbe cultures.
Delft University of Technology researchers have observed the spontaneous repair of DNA damage in real time, revealing a key mechanism for repairing breaks. This insight is crucial as errors in this process can lead to cancerous cell development.
Researchers found that HIV protease inhibitors can decrease photoreceptor apoptosis in mouse models of retinal detachment. The study suggests that these drugs may prevent vision loss after retinal detachment by inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis.
A research study has found that a simple blood test can indicate whether post-menopausal hormone therapies increase the risk of a heart attack. Women with favorable cholesterol levels were not at increased risk of developing heart problems while taking hormones, whereas those with unfavorable cholesterol levels were at higher risk.
A 20-year study found that group-based diet and exercise lifestyle interventions reduced diabetes incidence by 51% during the intervention period and 43% over 20 years. The interventions also led to a significant reduction in the duration of diabetes, with participants spending an average of 3.6 fewer years with the condition.
A recent study published in the Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture reveals that oregano oil is as effective as synthetic insecticides in controlling Rhizoppertha dominica beetle infestations. The natural compound works by inhibiting egg laying and larval development, posing no environmental harm.
The research center will focus on soft materials, building upon a solid foundation of liquid crystal research. The project aims to accelerate the development of new products at Ohio-based companies, supporting regional economic priorities.
The current figure of 246 million adults worldwide with diabetes is expected to expand rapidly, with 50% of deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease. The Lancet Editorial emphasizes that much of the morbidity and mortality can be prevented through targeted prevention strategies.
Research finds that gender stereotypes can limit both men and women's intentions to become entrepreneurs. However, when entrepreneurship is presented as a gender-neutral career option, both men and women report similar intentions.
Researchers discovered that HIV protease inhibitors can prevent photoreceptor apoptosis in mouse models of retinal detachment, reducing the cause of vision loss. CD133 expression was found not to be restricted to stem cells, and both CD133+ and CD133– metastatic colon cancer cells can initiate tumors.
An experimental drug, OSU-HDAC42, has blocked prostate cancer progression in mice with an aggressive form of the disease. The agent reactivates genes that normally protect against cancer, shifting tumor progression to a more benign direction.
The home telehealth and remote patient monitoring market is projected to grow at a rate of 70% over the next three to five years, driven by increasing demand for convenient and accessible healthcare services. The combined average annual revenue growth of consumer companies in this market is even more explosive, reaching up to 193.5%.
Researchers found that antidepressant use during the first trimester of pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of birth malformations. The study used data from the Quebec Pregnancy Registry and analyzed records of 2,329 new mothers diagnosed with psychiatric disorders.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center have identified a 'food-related clock' that can supersede the body's primary biological rhythms, enabling better coping with changes in time zones and nighttime schedules. By adjusting eating schedules, humans may be able to adapt more quickly to new time zones.
Astronomers capture high-resolution images of Jupiter's turbulent atmosphere using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and the W. M. Keck Observatory. The images reveal increased changes in the planet's atmosphere, including a color change from white to red near the Great Red Spot.
The Mars rover Spirit has discovered Yellowstone-like hot spring deposits on Mars, suggesting a habitable environment where liquid water and energy were present. The silica deposits, formed by volcanic steam or hot water, may contain preserved traces of ancient Martian life.
Researchers identified a gene that controls the proper development of synapses in fruit flies, which may help explain how they go wrong in humans. The findings suggest that a protein complex helps regulate synaptic growth by decommissioning receptors that respond to pro-growth signals.
Researchers have discovered high levels of acidified ocean water off the West Coast of North America, with corrosive levels detected within 20 miles of the shoreline. The acidic water is likely 50 years old and may increase in future due to rising atmospheric CO2 levels.
Two Rutgers College of Nursing doctoral students, Donna Ho-Shing and Stephanie Turrise, have been awarded FNSNA Fellowships to support their tuition and academic expenses during their online PhD program. The fellowship aims to address the nurse faculty shortage by preparing registered nurses for a career as nurse educators.
Type 1 diabetes incidence among Finnish children more than doubled from 1980-2005, with a significant increase in obesity and early weight gain implicated as risk factors. The predicted cumulative number of new cases between 2006-2020 is around 10800, highlighting the need for urgent action to address environmental triggers.
A recent study published in Aggressive Behavior found that high school girls who perceive themselves as attractive have a 35% increased chance of being indirectly victimized. Older teens who are sexually active also face a higher risk, with a 35% increased likelihood of being bullied.
Researchers identified gene mutations in FIGLA as a cause of premature ovarian failure, which can lead to infertility and other health issues. The study found three types of mutations in the gene, highlighting its importance in ovary function.
Researchers found a common core skin microbiome in healthy individuals, dominated by Proteobacteria species. The study establishes the basis for determining a core microbiome, which may hold the key to novel treatments for skin conditions like acne and atopic dermatitis.
A new statistical approach has been developed to study genetic variation, allowing for a finer detail of human migration history. The technique analyzes shared parts of chromosomes across the entire human genome, identifying smaller genetic contributions and surprising findings such as Mongolian ancestry in Native American Pima people.
A review of 21 studies found no systematic association between 100% fruit juice consumption and overweight in children or adolescents. Health professionals are encouraged to promote moderate consumption of 100% fruit juice as a strategy to help children meet fruit recommendations.
A study found that succinobucol reduced cardiovascular death, heart attack, and stroke in some patients, but also increased LDL cholesterol and atrial fibrillation. However, it improved glycated haemoglobin levels, suggesting potential benefits for long-term diabetes control.
A large US study found that sirolimus increases the risk of new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients. The risk is higher when combined with other anti-rejection drugs and appears to be independent of other factors.
Researchers at OHSU have developed new antibodies that can recognize pancreatic cancer and gastrointestinal cancers. These antibodies show promise in early detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer, which is the fourth-leading cause of cancer death in the US.
A recent study reveals that 16 out of 21 oceanic shark and ray species are at risk of extinction due to unregulated and unsustainable fishing practices. Governments can take key steps to safeguard populations, including establishing science-based catch limits and ending shark finning.
Research shows tobacco promotions were extensive in Ontario stores, with chain convenience stores having large displays and signs advertising tobacco. The study found that tobacco promotions were higher among stores close to schools and in low-income neighbourhoods.
The Phoenix Mars Mission will investigate the Martian environment, searching for signs of climate cycles and microbial life. The spacecraft will collect soil and ice samples and analyze them to understand the Red Planet's history.
A randomized controlled trial found that early intensive insulin therapy improved blood glucose control and β-cell function in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The treatment, which included continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily insulin injections, resulted in higher remission rates and prolonged glyc...
Astronomers captured X-ray outburst from supernova SN 2008D, shedding light on early processes. The explosion was likely from a massive star with retained helium layer, providing valuable information for understanding stellar deaths.
Research highlights the critical role of food intolerance in IBS symptoms, particularly diarrhea, which alters epithelial function and increases intestinal permeability. The study provides valuable insights into the relationship between intestinal inflammation and increased permeability in IBS patients.
Advances in sequencing and surveillance have enabled researchers to identify circulating strains of HIV-1, with subtype B prevalent in the Americas and clades A, C, and D in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study highlights the importance of viral diversity on disease progression and transmission.
A study found that babies born by cesarean section showed a reduction in the suppressive function of their regulatory T-cells. This could be an important factor influencing immune system development in the neonate. Further research is needed to explore potential mechanisms.