The study of Eastern Mediterranean bottom-water without oxygen reveals that climate change may contribute to the formation of organic-rich beds. These deposits can sequester large quantities of CO2 and be converted into oil over time.
A Yale University study found that two-year-olds with autism focus significantly more on mouths than eyes, predicting social disability levels. The researchers hope this biomarker can aid early detection and intervention for autism.
The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) and Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (RAIDS) are integrated for launch on the Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle in September 2009. The payload will provide characterization of the coastal environment and global remote sensing of the Earth's thermosphere and ionosphere.
A University of Missouri researcher has developed a new method to create cancer drugs that can be tailored to individual tumors, increasing effectiveness and reducing waste. The new method uses two-stage radioactive decay to produce nearly 100% of the intended radioactive isotope.
The symposium explores carbon sequestration methods, including forest management, agriculture, and ocean carbon capture. Experts discuss the importance of addressing legal and regulatory challenges to ensure effective carbon sinks.
For a four-week period in August 2008, Arctic sea ice melted faster than ever before, with an average daily decline of 32,700 square miles. The rate of decline contributes to concerns that all Arctic sea ice could be gone within the century.
Studies found that women who habitually diet before pregnancy tend to gain more weight during pregnancy and have higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Adequate dietary fiber intake is essential for preventing cardiovascular disease and other health issues.
A Dutch study finds that expanding communities and municipalities leads to a 'dilution' of citizen protests, with densely populated areas experiencing more opposition against disappearing green spaces. Concerned citizens are often well-educated and personally invested in the areas affected.
University of Michigan researchers identified a key HIV accessory protein that evades the immune system. The discovery opens doors to developing new drugs that can target and eradicate infected cells, potentially eliminating the need for lifelong antiviral treatment.
The Dig It! exhibit showcases soil samples from each US state, including Texas's Houston Black soil, which is featured in the exhibition. The exhibit has attracted over 300,000 visitors since its opening and will travel to multiple locations across North America.
A study found that vitamin A's carrier protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP), was significantly lower in obese subjects than nonobese subjects. This suggests a potential link between RBP and insulin resistance in obesity. Further research is needed to determine the role of apo-RBP, an unbound form of RBP, in mediating insulin signaling.
Researchers at Penn State found that smaller grains require less force to initiate movement through sandy soils than larger ones. This discovery could lead to more efficient designs for power-line towers and industrial mixer blades in sandy environments.
Researchers at Virginia Tech will develop high-performance computer modeling tools to design efficient wireless spectrum markets. The goal is to create a robust, economically viable and efficient Dynamic Spectrum Access architecture for cellular networks.
The rapid growth of tourism in Antarctica poses significant challenges, including environmental impact and lack of funding for monitoring. Marketable visitor rights are proposed as a solution to manage demand and generate revenue for enforcement and monitoring purposes.
A decade-long study by University at Buffalo researchers investigates the physical and mental health effects of policing, revealing high risks of coronary events, cholesterol levels, pulse rates, and diastolic blood pressure. The study also examines shift work's impact on stress and suicide risk in police officers.
Researchers found that pistachio diets can beneficially affect cardiovascular disease risk factors in a dose-dependent manner. The study suggests that pistachios may decrease CVD risk profile through effects on Stearoyl CoA Desaturase (SCD) and other bioactive substances.
Leading bioethicists argue that pregnant women should be included in research due to the potential risks and benefits. Studies have shown that excluding pregnant women from research can lead to a lack of effective treatment options for pregnant women with chronic diseases.
The study designs a trial to identify differences between groups with high statistical power while minimizing costs. A small number of schools are included in the trial, allowing for more precise analysis and better understanding of how interventions affect pupils within each school.
Researchers have developed a way to produce an antimalarial compound cheaply, which could make treating malaria less expensive. This process could also lead to the discovery of new antibiotics as bacteria are harnessed to produce compounds with antibiotic properties.
A study reveals that cities are responsible for only 40% of greenhouse gas emissions, contrary to common claims. Well-planned cities can provide high living standards with low consumption levels and emissions.
University of Wisconsin-Madison graduate student Jenna Eun's accidental photo 'Polymazing' won second place in the Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge, showcasing a surprising physical phenomenon that emerges in nature. The image, taken under a microscope, reveals how hydrogel absorbs water and causes a material to buckle.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have discovered a new compound that could potentially detect chemical and biological weapons over long distances. The compound, (A)ZrPSe6, was made possible by the unique beamline of the Advanced Photon Source, allowing scientists to analyze its remarkable properties.
A new experiment simulates predicted rainfall patterns and assesses the effect of diverse plant species on ecosystem responses. The study focuses on how changes in plant diversity modify key functions such as water processing, nutrient cycling, and carbon storage under changing climate conditions.
The article explores the concept of transnational crime and its relationship with global governance. Critical criminology provides valuable insights into the role of crime definition and control in shaping the transnational condition, highlighting the need for democratization and the dangers of increased policing powers.
A US Forest Service study reveals that most homeowners in fire-prone areas have taken steps to protect their homes, but barriers such as financial constraints and physical limitations persist. The study also found that residents are concerned about fires and think they know how to reduce the threat.
Researchers at OHSU Cancer Institute discovered that combining stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with immunotherapy significantly increases the efficacy of treating lung cancer. The study found that SBRT helped to activate more 'killer' immune cells, leading to better tumor clearance.
Researchers discover single mode of fossilization for soft tissues preserved in Burgess Shale-type deposits, using carbon isotope analysis. Hydrothermal circulation models reveal variations along slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges affect site distribution.
A team of researchers has developed a pacemaker to stimulate the muscles that control breathing in horses. This technology may also benefit humans with laryngeal paralysis or those who undergo laryngeal transplants. The study's findings provide insights into the coordination of movement and breathing in equines.
A community-based program that reinforces basic childbirth and newborn care practices reduced neonatal mortality by 54% in rural India. The program, which included culturally relevant messages and skin-to-skin care, was found to significantly reduce infant deaths within the first month of life.
Researchers found that women's muscle strength was 30% lower when compared to before casting, while men regained 99% of their strength within a week. The study suggests that hormonal differences may contribute to slower recovery times in women.
A new study in the RAND Journal of Economics examined how hospital admission and discharge behavior is affected by fluctuations in demand. The results show that patients are discharged earlier when hospitals face high demand, a finding that suggests hospitals may be influenced by capacity constraints to make admission decisions.
A recent study has found that the number of cases of surgical innovation published in otolaryngic medical journals has decreased significantly since the late 1980s. The researchers attribute this decline to increased barriers in obtaining research approval and possible shifts towards basic research.
A study analyzing English cancer patients found that cervical and lung cancer rates are higher among poor people, while breast and melanoma rates are higher in wealthier groups. Smoking is strongly associated with socioeconomic status and contributes to the higher incidence of lung cancer in deprived groups.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered three phosphatases that deactivate cancer-promoting molecule SRC-3. This finding provides a new target for cancer treatment and may lead to more effective drugs with fewer side effects.
A study by UC Riverside predicts nearly all California elementary schools will fail to meet Adequate Yearly Progress requirements by 2014. The researchers emphasize the need for emphasis on ELA and support in mathematics, suggesting a more tailored approach to address each school's unique challenges.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers found that some US cities make it harder to reduce commuting miles than others. Cities with sprawling suburbs like Las Vegas and Miami showed promise, while cities with compact geography, such as the Northeast Rust Belt, faced more challenges.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have successfully produced pigs born with cystic fibrosis, mirroring the exact symptoms of humans with the disease. The pigs, carrying only one copy of the mutated gene, are being studied to potentially develop treatments for the fatal lung disease.
NYU researchers discovered that critical spacing is a key parameter in brain's cortical architecture underlying object recognition. The spacing between objects determines whether they can be identified or 'crowded' and unrecognizable.
A recent study by Ohio University researchers found that women's muscles require longer and more intensive rehabilitation after bed rest and cast immobilization. Women lose around 30% less muscle strength within one week of cast removal compared to men, suggesting different rates of muscular strength-building may be the cause.
Researchers studied SIPMP phenotypes of faecal anaerobic isolates from patients with diarrhea, finding 80-92.86% positivity rates for certain bacteria species, suggesting a potential link between anaerobe infections and antimicrobial peptide production.
Researchers at Georgia Tech's Center for Bio-Imaging Mass Spectrometry have developed new bio-imaging mass spectrometry techniques to analyze complex biological samples. These techniques allow for the visualization and localization of specific molecules in tissues, enabling a better understanding of biological systems.
Researchers found that MOF materials compress rapidly at high pressures due to their efficient but inefficient structure design. This behavior is critical to optimize gas storage properties and pose a challenge for scaling up MOF technology beyond the lab.
The 2008 International Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge recognizes artists who use visual media to promote scientific understanding. The competition features stunning visuals and innovative uses of media to showcase various scientific research topics, including the anatomy of a squid and the creation of spontaneous buckl...
Research reveals that children aged 8-9 and adults process negative feedback differently than those aged 12-13. Eight-year-olds learn primarily through positive feedback, while twelve-year-olds use it to learn from their mistakes more efficiently. Adults do the same, but with improved efficiency.
Researchers at the Carnegie Institution have discovered Canadian bedrock over four billion years old, making it 250 million years more ancient than previously discovered rocks. The findings provide crucial clues to the earliest stages of our planet's evolution and chemical composition similar to volcanic rocks in geologic settings.
A new pig model for cystic fibrosis has been developed, closely mirroring the disease in human infants. The study's findings suggest that this model will aid in understanding the disease and may speed up the discovery of new treatments.
Researchers found that polygyny leads to an excess of genetic diversity on the X chromosome compared to autosomes. The process also results in fewer unique male genes being passed into the next generation.
Researchers are conducting a new study to investigate the safety and effectiveness of airway bypass using drug-eluting stents for patients with advanced emphysema or COPD. The trial aims to provide a minimally invasive treatment option for patients who have limited treatment options, such as lung reduction surgery and inhalers.
A community-based intervention package reduced neonatal mortality by 54% and 52% in two groups, respectively. The approach targets high-risk newborn-care practices and can be applied to behaviour change along the continuum of care.
The NASA Glory mission aims to measure airborne particles more accurately from space, shedding light on the aerosol effect on climate change. Participants can send their names on a microchip that becomes part of the spacecraft, with a deadline for submission set for Nov. 1, 2008.
A team from the University of Leicester has made a significant discovery in the study of diabetes drug target PPAR gamma. The researchers found that the protein binds to eight different fatty acids, which leads to its long-term activation, opening up new possibilities for the development of novel pharmaceuticals.
Researchers at New York University used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study patterns of brain activation during experimental auctions. They found that participants' exaggerated response to losses in the auction game correlated with their tendency to overbid, suggesting that the fear of losing social competition may le...
For obese patients, a single session of exercise boosts fat-burning oxidation and reduces accumulated fat by-products inside the muscle, improving metabolic health. The study found that exercising increased fat storage in muscles, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit for individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
The Rett Syndrome Research Trust aims to bring novel therapeutics addressing the underlying MECP2 pathology to clinical trials within five years. Classic Rett Syndrome affects females almost exclusively, causing severe physical disability and requiring total care.
A recent study by University of Chicago researchers found that animals farmed for meat are the primary source of campylobacteriosis, a common food poisoning bug. The bacteria were commonly found in chicken and livestock, with 57% of cases linked to chicken consumption.
Researchers investigated the role of interleukin-10 in reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury using DHP-PMX therapy. The study demonstrated that IL-10 may inhibit I/R injury, providing new insights into this critical problem.
The article proposes new best practices for corporate portfolio management, including revamping organizational structure and compensation systems to prioritize investor thinking. An independent group within companies can function like a SWAT team to support objective portfolio management.
A study in the Journal of Communication found that TV portrayals of risky sexual behavior can increase expectations of future engagement among inexperienced viewers. In contrast, those with direct experience are not influenced by TV content. This research highlights the potential for media to shape attitudes and behaviors.
Naren Vyavahare aims to extend the durability of bioprosthetic heart valves beyond 20 years through chemical linking of neomycin to tissue. Improved durability will enable surgeons to implant valves in younger patient populations with reduced risk of failure.
Sequella has received a $2.3 million NIH grant to develop SQ641, a promising new TB drug that demonstrates superior in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Phase 2 SBIR grant will fund critical path studies for delivery optimization and IND-related activities.