Researchers found that demand for pain relief is almost completely dependent on recent past pain experience and available cash. The study's results suggest that the value of pain relief is flexible and cannot be predicted by individual behavior, with significant economic implications.
A recent study by Indiana University researchers found that genetic predisposition to impulsivity is a trait predictive of alcoholism. The study used selective breeding to produce mice with high and low alcohol-preferred genes, which demonstrated that predisposition to impulsivity is predictive of alcoholism.
A new study suggests that patients with high cholesterol receive better care when physicians use a variety of tools, including PDAs, to learn and apply clinical practice guidelines for treating the condition. This multifaceted strategy improved guideline adherence by reducing over-treatment and increasing appropriate treatment decisions.
Researchers found that combining vitamin K with sorafenib reduced the need for higher doses of sorafenib by more than 50% in both pancreas cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma studies. This combination also inhibited tumor growth and induced cell death, offering a potential cure strategy.
A head-to-head clinical trial will enroll approximately 400 patients at three world-class sites to compare Telesso's novel guide-wire assisted peripheral IV catheter with the industry standard. The trial aims to reduce safety risks, lessen patient pain and discomfort, and provide cost savings.
The USGS has developed an energy-efficient system to measure snowfall in remote areas of Maine, using a bucket, small windmill, and solar panels. This innovative solution helps predict floods from spring snowmelt and saves lives by providing accurate information.
A team of researchers has discovered a missing trigger for calcium signaling in cells, which controls muscle contraction, nerve-cell transmission, insulin release, and other essential functions. The study found that two-pore channels (TPCs) cause the release of calcium when stimulated by NAADP, and are located in lysosomes and endosomes.
A new study using mice found that genes affect impulsivity, which can contribute to the risk of developing alcoholism. The study suggests that individuals with high impulsivity may be more likely to experiment with drugs and develop a substance-use disorder like alcoholism.
A $10 million Simons Foundation gift supports a joint initiative between Rockefeller University and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, NJ. The initiative brings together biologists, mathematicians, physicists, and computer scientists to explore quantitative approaches to biological problems.
Researchers found that heavy NSAID use increased the risk of dementia by 66% among study participants. Despite initial findings suggesting a potential preventive effect, this new study indicates that NSAIDs only delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease. The study analyzed data from over 2,700 individuals and followed them for 12 years.
Coral reefs in Australia's Great Barrier Reef Marine Park have recovered rapidly from a devastating bleaching event in 2006, thanks to an exceptional combination of ecological mechanisms. Asexual reproduction played a vital role in the recovery process.
The Science Chicago program is raising awareness about the significance of science in everyday life, offering opportunities for people of all ages to learn and have fun with science. The initiative features various activities, including Science Works!, Science Saturdays, LabFests! and Jr. Science Cafes.
DNA analysis reveals two distinct species of worm that resemble each other in appearance, leading to a reevaluation of the Earth's biodiversity. The discovery could have significant consequences for laboratory testing and our understanding of environmental toxins.
A comprehensive review of medical literature by experts found no evidence supporting beneficial effects from blood transfusions. Studies show associations with higher rates of complications like heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure, highlighting the need for restricted practice and safer storage methods.
Researchers have identified 116 host factors essential for successful dengue infection in fruit flies, with at least one also necessary for mosquito infection. The study opens doors to new ways to prevent or treat the disease, which infects millions globally each year.
Researchers predict a moderately large red tide outbreak in the Gulf of Maine this spring and summer, with toxicity levels expected to be smaller than last year's bloom. The potential for an extensive outbreak depends on weather events and oceanographic conditions, making it difficult to make precise predictions.
Researchers from Carnegie Museum of Natural History and Canadian Museum of Nature discovered a carnivorous animal fossil, Puijila darwini, which is believed to be the 'missing link' between seals, sea lions, and walruses. The fossil provides evidence that pinnipeds went through a freshwater phase in their evolution.
Recent research on New York's clams indicates a decline in populations due to overfishing and brown tide. Key findings highlight reduced reproductive success and ecosystem changes in Great South Bay and other Long Island bays.
Young students from low-income families who were told about need-based financial-aid opportunities performed better academically and planned more study time. However, this positive effect was limited for those with lower grades, highlighting the importance of early exposure to financial aid information.
Researchers at NC State University used a mathematical model to get a clearer picture of the galaxy's youngest supernova remnant. The data provides evidence that the remnant is from a type Ia supernova, raising questions about the generation of cosmic ray particles and magnetic field effects.
Researchers have discovered a mysterious giant space blob, Himiko, that existed 800 million years ago, stretching 55 thousand light years across and raising questions about its physical origins.
Astronomers have used the world's biggest radio telescope to study the brightest galaxies that NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope can see. The team found a correlation between active galaxies with the brightest gamma-ray emission and those with the fastest jets.
Research by UC Riverside biologists reveals that female field crickets learn to recognize attractive male characteristics through song, influencing their mate selection. This finding underscores the importance of social effects in models of evolution, suggesting that insects possess complex cognitive capacities.
UT Southwestern researchers have discovered a link between immune cell malfunction and kidney damage in lupus patients. They also found that certain genes, such as kallikreins, appear to protect the kidneys from immune attack, suggesting potential new treatments for the disease.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that people are more attracted to rare species, leading to longer download times and increased attempts to access them. This perceived value of rarity poses a threat to conservation efforts, particularly in the context of ecotourism and exotic pet trade.
Recent studies show that short sleep can disturb appetite control, leading to overeating and increased risk of Type 2 diabetes. Researchers also found that chronic sleep deprivation can lead to glucose intolerance without weight gain.
A new study found that changes in vegetation can override climate change effects on wildfire frequency. Plant types and abundance play a significant role in determining an ecosystem's flammability. In some cases, vegetation changes were more influential than climate shifts, leading to fewer fires.
The proportion of Medicare patients experiencing continuity of care between outpatient and inpatient settings decreased substantially between 1996 and 2006. Patients with co-existing illnesses and the oldest patients were more likely to have continuity with their outpatient physicians and PCP during hospitalization.
The Protected Areas Database – United States (PAD-US) is a national inventory of protected lands in the US. The database contains information on over 22,000 highly protected areas, covering 15% of the country's land area.
A Harvard study found an association between a mother's height and her child's risk of death, being underweight, and having anemia. Children born to mothers shorter than 4 foot 9 inches were 70% more likely to die than those whose mothers were at least 5 foot 3 inches tall.
A new study by University of Illinois professor Christy Lleras found that ability grouping in elementary school impairs the literacy of lower-grouped minority students, while having little effect on higher-grouped minority students. The practice creates larger achievement gaps among minority students and exacerbates inequality.
Researchers from British Antarctic Survey and NASA found that the ozone hole has strengthened surface winds around Antarctica, leading to greater flow of cold air over the Ross Sea. This resulted in a small increase in sea ice extent in West Antarctica, contrary to the expected effects of greenhouse gas increases.
A study of 227 breast cancer patients found that those with greater depressive symptoms and lower emotional quality of life were less likely to exercise as part of their recovery. Despite initial increases, physical activity declined over time, suggesting the need for future interventions to support long-term engagement.
The American College of Physicians has released a guidebook and DVD to assist patients in managing high blood pressure, a condition that increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems. The resource provides information on causes, risk factors, and lifestyle changes to control hypertension.
Researchers at Medical College of Wisconsin discovered that CXCL12 can prevent colorectal cancer cells from adhering to underlying proteins, leading to programmed cell death. The study suggests a potential mechanism for slowing cancer spread and improving patient prognosis.
Researchers discovered an antioxidant, ellagic acid, which prevents collagen destruction and inflammatory response in human skin cells and mice exposed to UV-B. The study found that ellagic acid reduces MMP secretion and inflammation, demonstrating its potential to prevent wrinkle formation and photo-aging.
The AsAP chip, designed by the University of California - Davis team, offers breakthrough speeds with low power consumption. It can perform half a trillion operations per second at slower speeds than common digital signal processing chips.
The EPA P3 award winners are recognized for their sustainable designs, including integrated aquaculture systems and solar thermal combined cycles. These projects demonstrate the potential for economic growth and environmental sustainability to coexist.
Scientists at the University of East Anglia have created lip-reading computers that can accurately identify different languages spoken by individuals. The technology uses statistical modelling of lip motions and was tested on a group of bilingual and trilingual speakers, achieving high accuracy rates across multiple languages.
A team of scientists exposed a bacterium to Martian conditions, finding it couldn't survive the UV levels. Another study showed bacteria could survive with protection from the surface dust layer. These findings provide baseline studies for planetary exploration.
A new grant-funded workshop series aims to recruit Ph.D.-level women scientists and engineers from industry into academic positions. Senior academics will provide guidance on job application, interviewing, and start-up negotiations.
Researchers found hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy improved symptoms and survival time in patients with recurrent low-grade glioma. The treatment was well-tolerated and allowed patients to complete the full course of therapy.
Researchers have successfully coupled USB-based ultrasound probe technology with smartphones, enabling compact, mobile medical imaging devices. This innovation has far-reaching implications for global healthcare, particularly in developing countries where access to medical imaging is limited.
A new combination of chemotherapy drugs, topotecan and docetaxel, has produced clinical benefit for patients with recurrent gynecologic cancers. The treatment showed an unusually high proportion of women experiencing clinical benefit, with a median survival time of 18.5 months.
A study found that patients implanted with ICDs by nonelectrophysiologist physicians had higher rates of complications and were less likely to receive CRT-D devices. Electrophysiologists performed safer procedures, suggesting differences in training, experience, and technique.
Research identifies genetic variants in MC1R as associated with increased melanoma risk in people with dark hair. The study found that these variants were more common in those who did not typically burn easily from the sun, suggesting a complex relationship between genetics and melanoma risk.
Researchers Francois Abboud and Ann M. Schreihofer have unraveled how the brain regulates blood pressure and flow through communication with blood vessels. Their work has led to clinical advances, including a pacemaker-like device to lower blood pressure in hypertensive individuals.
A study by University of Illinois scientists reveals the FRG1 gene is crucial for angiogenesis, contributing to blood vessel growth and organization in the retina. The findings support the idea that FRG1 expression is a main cause of visual deficits associated with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.
The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) produces the world's brightest X-ray laser, allowing researchers to capture molecular details with unprecedented resolution. This technology has far-reaching implications for medicine, energy research, and other fields.
In a randomized trial, voglibose significantly improved glucose tolerance and delayed disease progression in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Patients treated with voglibose had a 40% lower risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes than those receiving placebo.
Researchers studied louse infestation's effect on immune activity in wild wood mice, finding reduced readiness to mount an immune response. This suggests a potential immunosuppressive effect of the parasite, supporting the idea that modern human populations have heightened immune responsiveness due to reduced exposure to parasites.
A new study reveals significant variability in hospital treatment and outcomes for children with urinary tract infections. Hospitals that use clinical practice guidelines for UTI management have lower length of stay and costs.
Scientists have created a mouse model of Wolf-Hirschorn Syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by physical abnormalities and developmental delays. The model, which mimics the disease's effects on cardiac valves and facial structures, offers a valuable tool for researchers studying human development and disease.
A recent study by Marcello Tonelli and colleagues found no correlation between remote or rural residence and increased time to kidney transplantation in the US. The likelihood of receiving a transplant from a deceased or living donor was similar among patients dwelling farther away, suggesting disparities may not be solely due to location
A LSUHSC student has developed a groundbreaking treatment for diabetes using ACE2 gene therapy, which improves pancreatic beta cell function and restores glucose stability in diabetic mice. The award recognizes the student's outstanding research contributions to the field of endocrinology and metabolism.
Researchers at Scripps Florida's Department of Cancer Biology have won multiple grants to study Notch3, ornithine decarboxylase, and vinculin, focusing on immune system regeneration and cancer prevention. This funding supports studies on gene expression, enzyme regulation, and cell-cell adhesion complexes.
Researchers at Université Laval found that people who sleep too much or not enough are at greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Approximately 20% of those with long and short sleep duration developed type 2 diabetes, compared to only 7% among average sleepers.
A study by Elaine Hardman found that walnut consumption can reduce breast tumor incidence in laboratory mice. Walnut consumption delayed tumors by at least three weeks, with molecular analysis showing increased omega-3 fatty acid intake contributing to the decline.
A study published at Experimental Biology 2009 found that regular exercise prevents the disruption of the blood-brain barrier caused by methamphetamine use. The study showed that exercising mice were protected from increased oxidative stress and permeability in the brain, while sedentary mice experienced damage.
Exposure to community violence in school-aged children disrupts their normal cortisol production pattern, leading to physiological symptoms and potential long-term negative health effects. The study found a link between stress symptoms and cortisol levels, highlighting the need for healthcare providers to monitor these children's health.