A topical cyclosporine emulsion has been found to improve quality of life by 4.3 percent and reduce net cost by $598 per patient, making it a cost-effective treatment option for moderate to severe dry eye syndrome that does not respond to conventional therapy.
Research suggests mice without AT1A protein have a significantly prolonged lifespan. This is attributed to reduced cellular oxidation, contributing to aging. Additionally, studies investigate the role of MT1-MMP in regulating hematopoietic progenitor cells' release from bone marrow.
New research published in JACC found that patients have a better chance of survival when both their hospital and physician have a strong track record in treating heart attacks with angioplasty and stenting. High-volume hospitals and physicians performed significantly better, with lower risks of in-hospital death.
A novel blood test for hepatitis C virus has been developed by researchers at Bonn University and the Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine. The test is significantly cheaper than existing commercial tests, while maintaining equal sensitivity, and can be used to monitor blood banks in poorer countries.
A dramatic rise in sea level occurred about 400,000 years ago, exceeding 21 meters above current levels. This finding has significant implications for understanding the impact of future climate change on coastal ecosystems and biodiversity.
A new test can predict which women with breast cancer are likely to respond to chemotherapy and which type of chemotherapy will work best for them. The test, known as the Breast Bioclassifier, has been validated on thousands of women and can help doctors prescribe targeted treatments that may not require chemotherapy.
Researchers from Northwestern Polytechnical University discovered novel microstructural transitions in the Al80.4Cu13.6Si6 ternary eutectic alloy upon substantial undercooling. The study highlights the importance of understanding rapid solidification mechanisms and microstructure formation for this widely used material.
Researchers at Whitehead Institute found that combining an antifungal agent with Hsp90 inhibition is effective against multiple types of resistant fungal infections. The treatment could lead to development of novel therapies for patients with compromised immune systems, who suffer high mortality rates from these infections.
A new study reveals that robots struggle to traverse sandy terrain due to rotational motion of their limbs. To overcome this, researchers recommend slowing down leg movement, especially when the sand is loosely packed, and adjusting parameters such as limb rotation frequency and angle.
Researchers have found a common genetic circuit controlling the formation of teeth in both jaws and throats of vertebrates. This discovery suggests that a core set of genes governs tooth development, regardless of location, and may also be involved in other patterned structures like hair and feathers.
The Autism Consortium has published a groundbreaking study defining the mechanism behind Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting girls and a leading cause of autism. The research discovered that targeting the IGF1 signaling axis could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating or reversing Rett Syndrome.
Carbon nanotube researchers at University of Illinois demonstrate remarkable increase in current-carrying capacity using avalanche process. The process creates multiple electron-hole pairs, leading to rapid increases in current until the nanotube breaks down.
Scientists at Whitehead Institute and MIT's Picower Institute have successfully treated a mouse model of Rett syndrome with daily injections of an active fragment of IGF-1, significantly reducing movement and respiratory irregularities. The treatment promotes nerve cell maturation and increases brain levels of IGF-1.
Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory create a novel technique to precisely modify recombinant proteins by introducing aldehyde tags. This breakthrough enables the labeling of therapeutic proteins in mammalian cells, paving the way for targeted treatments and improved pharmaceuticals.
A laboratory experiment has successfully modeled stellar jets, revealing that magnetic forces shape these objects in a non-linear way. The findings suggest that the jets are fired out like bullets or buckshot, rather than breaking into pieces as previously thought.
The discovery of new mammalian species since 1993 reveals a significant reduction in biodiversity, with many species having small populations or limited geographic ranges. This loss can have severe consequences, including increased disease risk and reduced ecosystem services that support human life.
A team of scientists has made a groundbreaking discovery that challenges the long-held assumption about oceanic iron cycles. They found that organic compounds can capture some iron spewed by hydrothermal vents, enabling it to be carried away in seawater and reaching the surface, where it can nourish marine life more efficiently.
Researchers found that BDNF treatment can prevent or reverse memory loss, cognitive impairment, and brain cell degeneration in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests a potential novel approach to treating the disease by slowing its progression.
A new study reveals that the chemical mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate plays a crucial role in maintaining bone balance. Researchers found that mice with functional S1P receptors had denser bones than those without, suggesting a potential target for treating bone-resorptive disorders.
A large international study identified nine genetic regions linked to increased risk of early-onset myocardial infarction. The study analyzed data from 26,000 individuals in 10 countries and found significant associations with common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine genetic regions.
Scientists have created a microchip that uses 30 times less electricity while running seven times faster than today's technology, thanks to probabilistic logic. This technology has significant implications for the IT industry's carbon footprint, potentially reducing energy consumption in devices such as cell phones and medical implants.
A study at Columbia University Medical Center found that experimental heart failure drugs may slow muscle loss in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a fatal genetic disorder. The new class of drugs targets the same microscopic leak that weakens both skeletal and cardiac muscles.
Researchers have identified two proteins, dynein and Nudel, as crucial for regulating the assembly of the spindle matrix during mitosis. This finding broadens our understanding of how cells control critical events during division. Understanding spindle assembly is essential to comprehend cell fate choices and development.
Experts discuss new biotechnology techniques to remove fungus, micro-organisms, and insects from artwork, documents, and masonry, promoting natural and non-toxic preservation methods. Curators in developing countries face challenges in assessing vulnerability, improving storage conditions, and controlling environmental fluctuations.
A University of Minnesota-led study connects iron sources from extreme depths to surface life, shedding light on nutrient cycling. Researchers found that hydrothermal vents release rusty iron, which can provide essential nutrients for sea life.
A new Northwestern University study uses brain-reading technology to show that people can be more accurate in recognizing familiar images when distracted or guessing than when paying full attention. The research suggests that implicit recognition may play a significant role in everyday decision-making and problem-solving.
Researchers at Scripps Institute successfully capture the crystal structure of an intermediate viral particle, revealing a dynamic process of protein coat assembly. The study provides fresh insights into viral protein interactions and suggests potential targets for interrupting virus assembly.
Young southern right whales learn from their mothers where to feed in the ocean, but researchers worry they may not be able to adapt if food sources become scarce due to global warming.
A psychology study finds that spending money on life experiences boosts well-being and satisfaction for both individuals and those around them. Experiences, such as meals out or theater tickets, satisfy higher-order needs like social connectedness and vitality, leading to longer-term happiness.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have discovered a link between a genetic pathway and autism, finding that mutations in this pathway are associated with both autism and other developmental disorders. The study suggests that the lack of specific genes may play a role in the development of autism.
A new study confirms that young teenagers think less about the future than adults, but it's not because they're impulsive. Research suggests that immaturity in brain systems governing sensation seeking, rather than self-control, contributes to this phenomenon.
A University of Iowa study found that smoking decreases a key protein in lung cells, leading to cell aging and damage. The team suggests targeting Werner's syndrome protein for developing treatments for smoking-related diseases like emphysema.
A study published in Science shows that when the apple maggot shifted hosts from hawthorn to European apples, it triggered a cascade of evolutionary changes in a parasitic wasp. The research reveals the process of speciation in action and sheds light on biodiversity's role in creating new species.
The NOAA-N Prime spacecraft has been launched into space, improving weather forecasting and monitoring environmental events around the world. The satellite will collect vital data on the Earth's surface and atmosphere, supporting NOAA's weather forecasts and providing critical inputs for search and rescue operations.
Researchers used electronic medical records to evaluate drug therapies, finding results comparable to randomized clinical trials in nine out of 17 outcomes. The study suggests enormous amounts of information within EMR databases can expand healthcare knowledge.
Michigan State University's NSF-funded Faculty Institutes for Reforming Science Teaching will train 200 postdoctoral researchers to teach scientifically. The program aims to equip future college professors with skills for teaching science effectively, using inquiry-based learning and promoting scientific literacy.
Researchers at NIST and Brookhaven National Laboratory have defined the structure of a metabolic switch found inside most types of bacteria, revealing how a key protein regulates genes involved in bacterial survival. The discovery could lead to new methods for preventing tuberculosis and other pathogenic diseases.
The FAME study found that stents placed using fractional flow reserve (FFR) had a 28% lower incidence of major adverse cardiac events compared to conventional angiography. This technique can distinguish between hemodynamically relevant and irrelevant stenoses, allowing for more targeted interventions.
The ALMA Observatory has accepted its first North American antenna, marking a significant milestone in the project. The 12-meter-diameter antenna was delivered by General Dynamics SATCOM Technologies and will enable astronomers to probe phenomena beyond the reach of visible-light telescopes with unprecedented sharpness.
A new study by Wake Forest University researchers found that teen programs most effectively promote responsibility when they assign difficult tasks, provide ownership, and hold teens accountable for their work. The study surveyed over 100 high schoolers participating in various summer and after-school programs.
A new study found that children comprehend the link between feelings and performance, but only for negative emotions. Children of all ages understood how emotional states impact school performance, while younger children struggled to grasp the connection between positive emotions and improved performance.
Scientists at the University of Nottingham and the University of California, Berkeley have provided evidence for a new kind of sudden transition between liquid and solid glass. This transformation occurs when molecules are viewed in both space and time, guiding towards methods for producing stronger and longer-lasting glass.
Research reveals that epigenetic regulation of 13 microRNAs is associated with higher mortality in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The study identifies these microRNAs as potential targets for new therapeutic options, offering hope for improved treatment outcomes.
A five-year Canadian study led by Dr. Cécile Tremblay aims to develop new strategies to fight AIDS in individuals who naturally control their HIV infection progression. The study will analyze factors predicting favourable outcomes and identify drivers of HIV diversity.
A new study shows that losing weight is the most effective way to reduce obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms and associated disorders. The study found that weight loss of more than 20 pounds resulted in markedly lower OSA symptoms and improvements in co-morbidities such as hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have found that anti-oxidants in the diet can help preserve function by adding them to their diet. They also developed a novel gene therapy technique to offer an alternative option for arresting vision loss from eye diseases.
The Ovarian Cancer Research Fund (OCRF) and the Gynecologic Cancer Foundation (GCF) have jointly funded a new study on ovarian cancer symptoms, aiming to develop a systematic screening process. Dr. Barbara Goff will lead the three-year study, which seeks to create a symptom index for early detection.
A new study published in Child Development finds that preschoolers spend most of their day inactive, with 89% of physical activity characterized as sedentary. When balls and open spaces are made available, children become more likely to be active.
The new guideline provides recommendations for clinicians on how to safely prescribe potent opioid pain medications for patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Key findings include the importance of careful patient selection, monitoring, and ongoing assessment to minimize risks of abuse and addiction.
Physicians should avoid routine scans for low-back pain unless a significant underlying condition is identified. Regular use of radiography, MRI or CT scans does not improve patient outcomes and may increase medical costs.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University discovered a nanotechnology-based technique to block damaging gas transport through polymers, making them stronger and more efficient. This breakthrough has potential applications in food and medicine packaging, as well as electronic equipment protection.
Complete Genomics successfully sequenced a Caucasian HapMap sample, generating 91x average read coverage of the genome in a matter of days. The company's system delivered unprecedented throughput, producing 254 Gigabases (Gb) of mapped data, and demonstrated an average run rate of over 70 billion mapped bases per run.
Researchers highlight potential security concerns for remote intelligent drug delivery systems, which could compromise patient safety. The team proposes implementing robust security mechanisms to mitigate hacking risks.
A study by researchers at the University of Rochester and others found that teenagers feel relatively obligated to help their parents, even when requests clash with personal desires. Parents tend to think it's more acceptable for teens to say no in such situations, suggesting a balance between family needs and individual preferences.
A new study identifies 33 countries that will suffer most from climate change's impact on fisheries, including those in Africa, Asia, and South America. These nations face unprecedented hardship due to their high dependency on fish as a source of protein and income.
Researchers found that leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are maintained by a self-renewing program similar to pluripotent embryonic stem cells. This study challenges the notion of LSCs as rare, immature cells and suggests a link between their activation and poor prognosis in leukemia.
Researchers used contrast agents in liposomes to determine if they could breach breast tumors. Tumors with better images of the contrast agents showed better therapeutic results when treated with a cancer drug called liposomal doxorubicin.
EurekAlert! and AAAS have launched fellowships for five Latin American science journalists, allowing them to cover the latest research at the AAAS Annual Meeting. The program aims to promote international scientific dialogue and advance sound science reporting worldwide.
Researchers found a direct link between vitamin D and a genetic variant associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may increase the risk of offspring developing MS later in life.
Researchers find voluntary vaccination effective in containing outbreaks of diseases like smallpox and SARS due to social network effects. Neighborhood size plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of voluntary vaccination programs.