Depressed children with asthma exhibit dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system and increased airway compromise. The study found a link between emotional stress, depressive symptoms, and airway function in childhood asthma.
The study of self-knowledge has expanded beyond determining internal states to include memory and predicting the future. Psychologist Timothy D. Wilson suggests that becoming an excellent observer of oneself and considering multiple perspectives can help individuals gain a better understanding of themselves.
A study investigated QOL of 149 patients with upper third gastric cancer treated with proximal gastrectomy and additional reconstruction. The EA procedure showed the best postoperative QOL, improving recovery of body weight and reducing symptoms like heartburn and belching.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have discovered how a protein molecule named Srs2 removes Rad51 from DNA, preventing unwanted exchanges of DNA sequences. This finding could lead to ways of enhancing chemotherapy drugs that destroy cancer cells by damaging their DNA.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute have discovered the specific gene that triggers antibody production, a key step in mounting an immune response against viruses and pathogens. The finding has significant implications for developing new and more effective vaccines.
A letter to The Lancet criticizes the British National Party's use of a white doctor in their election campaign, which could have influenced voters and damaged relationships with ethnic minority patients. The authors argue that doctors' neutrality should not be used to promote political parties.
A new study in Operations Research journal highlights the difficulty of defeating insurgent groups like the Taliban, citing the crucial role of timely and accurate military intelligence. The model shows that even good intelligence may only contain the insurgency, not defeat it, and that the government's best option is to achieve a cont...
Research on clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates from Malaysian patients revealed low prevalence rates and specific mutations. The study found transitions of adenine to guanine at positions 2142 and 2143 of the 23S rRNA gene, detectable through restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.
The Nepean Dyspepsia Index has been successfully translated and validated in Chinese patients with functional dyspepsia. The study found that the Chinese version is a reliable scale for measuring health-related quality of life and disease severity, making it suitable for future clinical research.
A study by the University of Chicago Medical Center found that premature babies born in poverty are significantly less likely to be ready for school, despite advances in neonatal care. The researchers found that socioeconomic status was the most powerful factor determining school-readiness level.
The new science of learning emphasizes computational, social, and brain-based approaches to understanding human learning. Key findings include the importance of machine learning, social interaction, and empathy in learning, which are now being applied to develop personalized teaching tools.
Researchers identified a gene that allows immune cells to start self-destructive processes underlying autoimmune diseases. The study found that the presence of the Batf gene enables T cells to produce inflammatory Th17 cells, which can lead to autoimmune conditions.
Researchers at UAB will explore next-generation technology to improve the service life of total joint replacements, potentially reducing recurrent surgical procedures. The partnership with Smith and Nephew Inc. will provide access to state-of-the-art testing equipment and expertise.
BA profiling in IBD patients showed decreased levels of certain BAs, while UC patients with liver and gallbladder diseases exhibited increased primary and secondary BAs. The study also found accelerated detoxification activity in IBD patients and a significant increase in primary and secondary BAs in UC patients with extraintestinal ma...
A study comparing children with FASD and ADHD reveals significant differences in social cognition and emotional processing. Children with FASD show a distinct profile of weaker social skills, including high distractibility and restlessness, which may underlie the severe conduct problems observed in these individuals.
Expectant mothers who are obese are nearly 10 times more likely to suffer from chest infections and more than twice as likely to experience headaches and heartburn compared to women of a healthy weight. Obese pregnant women also face increased risks of carpal tunnel syndrome, symphysis-pubis dysfunction, and higher treatment costs.
Overweight youth are twice as likely to have overweight friends, according to a USC study that found strong social connections contribute to obesity. Researchers also discovered that overweight girls tend to name more friends but be less popular among their peers.
Researchers developed an ideal strategy for developing HCV-specific gene therapy by identifying the OAS promoter as a potential target. The study demonstrated that the HCV-core protein activates the OAS promoter specifically and effectively, paving the way for potential targeting of HCV using this approach.
Researchers at Yale University detail the molecular mechanisms governing selenium metabolism in the human body. The study reveals a highly specialized tRNA molecule responsible for selenocysteine production, which is crucial for recycling protective antioxidants.
New research by NCAR shows a key link between the solar cycle and global climate, with maximum solar activity impacting Earth similarly to La Nina and El Nino events. The study may pave the way toward better predictions of temperature and precipitation patterns.
Using earthworms and animal manure, researchers have successfully converted textile mill sludge into a nutrient-rich compost. The composting process changes the physical and chemical properties of the material, making it suitable for plant growth.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed an edible coating that triples omega-3 fatty acids in fish, reducing lipid oxidation and preventing microorganism growth. The coating, enriched with fish oil, also maintains moisture levels and prevents color change.
A randomized trial in Uganda found that circumcision of HIV-infected men did not reduce HIV transmission to female partners. The study enrolled 922 uncircumcised men and their female partners, with a higher proportion of women infected in the intervention group.
A team of experts at Columbia University will conduct the largest ever study on suicide and mental health among military personnel, using $50 million in funding. The study aims to identify risk and protective factors for suicide among soldiers and provide a science base for effective interventions.
According to a national poll, six in ten Americans believe there will be widespread cases of Influenza A (H1N1) with people getting very sick this coming fall or winter. Parents are more likely than people without children to believe this will occur.
Researchers found no evidence of improved survival with thalidomide treatment for small cell lung cancer. However, patients treated with thalidomide had a higher risk of thrombotic events.
A recent study reviews economic arguments for tobacco control policies, finding that taxes can justify interventions due to market failures. However, the study concludes that a society with smokers is not necessarily economically ineffective, and that measures like taxes and restrictions on consumption may increase net welfare gains if...
Research suggests that breaking down lung mucus with cystic fibrosis medicines can reduce the severity of bacterial infections. The study's findings have important implications for managing long-term infections in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Researchers found a negative correlation between birth rates and the timing of rotavirus epidemics. With declining birth rates, outbreaks occur later in the year, particularly in California.
Researchers from Caltech and JPL found evidence that ancient stromatolites were built with the help of equally ancient microorganisms, providing insight into the earliest record of life on Earth. The discovery may also provide a new avenue for exploration in the search for signs of life on Mars.
A long-term study found that repealing the National Maximum Speed Law in 1995 resulted in approximately 12,500 deaths due to increased speed limits across the US. The study suggests that reduced speed limits and improved enforcement with speed camera networks could save lives.
Researchers identified that even among high-risk groups, only a few individuals had invasive bladder cancer, highlighting the need to find a higher-risk group to benefit from screening. Abstaining from smoking is crucial in preventing bladder cancer.
Dr. G. V. P. Reddy's research aims to eliminate toxic insecticides by introducing a predatory mite and applying biopesticides, improving eggplant farming in Guam. The study will inform growers of the risks associated with conventional methods and promote ecologically sound IPM practices.
Researchers found a synthetic molecule that breaks up deposits of toxic genetic material and re-establishes cellular activity disrupted by myotonic dystrophy. The treatment could restore muscle function in people with the disease.
A daily dose of sodium bicarbonate slows the decline of kidney function in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, reducing the rate of progression by about two-thirds. Patients taking baking soda also experience improvements in nutrition and are less likely to develop end-stage renal disease.
A single genetic event explains the short legs of all short-legged dog breeds, including dachshunds and corgis. The discovery provides new insights into human developmental disorders and may lead to a better understanding of hypochondroplasia, a growth disorder affecting some people.
A new study emphasizes the importance of technological advancements in the conversion of biomass to biofuels. By analyzing the US corn stover supply chain, researchers found that conventional technologies alone cannot achieve cost-performance goals, highlighting the need for improved equipment efficiency and new supply system designs.
Researchers have successfully cooled LIGO mirrors to near absolute zero, enabling the observation of quantum mechanical behavior at massive scales. This breakthrough suggests that interferometric gravitational wave detectors can also become sensitive probes of macroscopic quantum mechanics.
Research highlights three principles: learning is computational, social interaction underpins early learning, and brain circuits linking perception and action support learning across the life span. Social interaction with humans, particularly parents or tutors, plays a crucial role in early learning.
Scientists at PNNL have developed a new method for capturing more heat from low-temperature geothermal resources, enabling virtually pollution-free electrical energy generation. The approach uses biphasic fluid and nanostructured metal-organic heat carriers to boost power generation capacity.
Mayo Clinic researchers found that prior exercise was significantly associated with milder impairments and better ability to care for oneself after a stroke. The study's lead investigator suggests that exercise can improve outcomes even if it doesn't reduce the risk of developing a stroke.
Psychologist Neal J. Roese and computer scientist Eyal Amir predict that by 2060, androids will be able to mimic human-like voices, facial expressions, and emotions, but still struggle with understanding natural language and forming conclusions from visual input.
A study by Penn State scientists found that the Y chromosome has evolved rapidly, losing genes at a rate that could lead to its complete disappearance. The research revealed that this rapid evolution is due to the Y-specific DNA evolving independently from the non-sex chromosomes.
Leading national experts have reached a consensus on beneficial biofuels produced from low-life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions and minimal competition with food production. The global biofuels industry must focus on five major sources of renewable biomass to balance biofuel production, food security, and emissions reduction.
Data show ATryn safely prevents peri-operative and peri-partum acute deep vein thrombosis in patients with hereditary antithrombin deficiency. Dosing algorithms allow for normalization of antithrombin levels during high-risk situations, providing a safe treatment option.
Dr. Huijing Xia, a postdoc at LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, has been awarded the American Physiological Society's Postdoctoral Fellowship in Physiological Genomics for her research on ACE2, an enzyme that regulates blood pressure. The two-year fellowship will cover $37,000/year in stipend and trainee allowance.
Researchers found that active video games can burn calories comparable to moderate-intensity walking, making them a safe and valuable means of promoting energy expenditure in children. The study, published in Pediatrics, suggests that substituting screen time with physically active games can help reduce the risk of obesity and diabetes.
Researchers studied an ancient global warming episode, known as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, which occurred 55 million years ago. They found that the estimated amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during this event was less than previously thought, suggesting that other mechanisms contributed to the warming.
A decision-analytic model suggests that more frequent and strict colonoscopy recommendations can be cost-effective strategies for screening second primary colorectal cancers in male cancer survivors. The most vulnerable population aged 40 years old may benefit from COL5, while the general population aged 50 years old may follow COL10.
Research by NSF-funded scientists reveals a scientifically feasible link between the 11-year solar cycle and ENSO, influencing climate variability globally. The study suggests that maximum solar activity can drive La Niña-like events with similar impacts on global temperature and precipitation patterns.
A 20-year study found that impulsive boys with inadequate supervision and poor families are more likely to commit criminal acts. The study also revealed that the juvenile justice system's help increased the risk of early adulthood crime, especially among those with similar histories without judicial involvement.
A study found five genetic variants associated with high systolic blood pressure in African-Americans, suggesting potential new treatments. The variants were located near genes that code for proteins involved in hypertension regulation, offering hope for improved prevention and treatment options.
New research from Vanderbilt University found that training increases brain processing speed and enhances multitasking efficiency. Through daily practice, individuals showed improved performance on simple tasks when completed separately or together.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School discovered a new pheromone in male fruit flies that repels females for at least a week. The compound, named CH503, was found to act as an anti-aphrodisiac, inhibiting courtship in males and explaining the long-lasting mating behaviors observed in fruit flies.
Researchers found that estrogen suppresses p53 after stroke, preventing cell death and reducing damage. The study used female rats treated with estrogen versus placebo to induce global cerebral ischemia, a common type of ischemic stroke.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology studied sandfish locomotion, finding they use wave motion to propel themselves through granular media. The animals' speed depends only on wave frequency, not density.
Researchers created a detailed 'motion picture' of Earth's last major warming event, allowing them to identify key drivers and potential consequences of abrupt climate changes. The study's results provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between ocean currents, atmospheric carbon dioxide, and subsurface heat.
Research suggests that major changes in ocean current systems can occur gradually, rather than suddenly, and may take place over centuries or even millennia. The study's findings confirm the accuracy of global climate models and provide valuable insights into how the Earth may respond to its current warming.
Researchers discovered that glioma cells use microglia, the brain's immune cells, to grow and expand rapidly. By manipulating microglial cells' receptors, gliomas can clear the way for further growth.
Physicist Ivan Vitev, a leading expert in quantum chromodynamics, receives PECASE for his work on quark-gluon plasma properties. His research has been used to study the universe's conditions after the Big Bang.
Two matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) proteins contribute to bone metastasis in advanced breast cancer by degrading extracellular matrix and stimulating osteoclast activity. This discovery supports therapeutic targeting of MMP1 and ADAMTS1, potentially mitigating bone complications in advanced metastatic breast cancers.
Research highlights the gender disparities in stroke risks, with males outnumbering females by two to one, while women's outcomes worsen with age. Women also face disadvantages in stroke treatment, including lower response rates to tissue plasminogen activator.
Researchers propose primate archaeology as a new field to study tool-use in humans and non-humans, integrating methods from both archaeology and primatology. This interdisciplinary approach aims to improve understanding of cognitive evolution and provide valuable data on human and non-human primate behavior.
A new report from the Commonwealth Fund suggests that including private and public insurance choices in a national exchange could save $265 billion in administrative costs. This approach would also help reduce health care costs by nearly $3 trillion by 2020, while improving quality and efficiency.
The study found that tumors with strong angiogenesis showed high enhancement in the arterial dominant phase, while those with fibrosis had a negative correlation. Dynamic CT features related to angiogenesis can be modified by intratumoral fibrosis, which may impact treatment with anti-angiogenesis agents.
The study shows that the timing of rotavirus epidemics depends on birth rates in the population, with higher birth rates leading to earlier outbreaks. New vaccines may reduce the frequency and severity of these outbreaks, potentially shifting the age at which infection appears in children.
A new study found that genetic predispositions can be expressed earlier in life through behavioral problems, while environmental influences can modify gene expression. Females may be more susceptible to certain environmental factors, which can encourage or inhibit the expression of genetic traits.