Research suggests that diets high in fermentable carbohydrates, such as sugar and starch, can lead to dental decay and contribute to chronic systemic diseases. A diet low in these carbohydrates may improve cardiovascular markers and reduce body fat. Dental problems can serve as an early warning sign for dietary imbalances.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that using a nicotine patch before quitting smoking can double success rates. The study suggests that the current labeling should be changed to include pre-cessation patch use, as it appears safe and increases the chances of successful cessation.
A study has found that a mutation in the NOD2 gene may predispose individuals to Crohn's disease by impairing the immune system's ability to recognize and fight off mycobacteria. The research, published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, highlights the potential for new therapeutic approaches to combat the disease.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have discovered a gene that activates in mouse embryonic stem cells, allowing them to grow and divide rapidly in the lab. This breakthrough could enable scientists to maintain ES cells from other species, leading to new discoveries in medical research.
A study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found women with hormone receptor-negative first tumors have twice the risk of developing a second breast cancer compared to those with HR-positive tumors. The research also identified a five-fold increase in risk of a second hormone-receptor negative breast cancer.
Researchers found that acute treatment results in an average hospital stay of 8.3 days and a cost of nearly $21,000, while ischemic stroke had an average stay of 6.6 days and cost of $15,000.
Researchers at the University of Glasgow have developed a new Bluetooth application that allows people in different parts of a stadium to share banter, photos, and video clips instantly. This technology makes innovative use of short-range communications, enabling fans to connect with up to seven other users simultaneously.
Researchers create highly stable chemical compounds that can bind to proteins with high affinity and selectivity, replacing traditional antibodies used in medical diagnostic tests. The technique involves a stepwise approach using in situ click chemistry, allowing for the creation of complex molecules in a relatively simple process.
Researchers created a detailed computer simulation of early star formation, revealing the existence of twin stars. The simulations showed that these stars provide seeds for next-generation star formation, helping scientists understand how galaxies formed.
Periodontal disease has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, with as many as 75% of adults in the US affected by periodontal disease. The study suggests that addressing oral/body inflammatory connection can improve overall health and reduce CVD risks.
A follow-up study confirms a significant reduction in breast cancer risk among women with migraines, regardless of menopausal status or other factors. The association remains strong despite previous findings suggesting potential triggers like alcohol consumption and hormone replacement therapy.
Researchers at Hospital for Special Surgery have developed a biodegradable scaffold to treat patients with damaged knee cartilage. The study found that the plug demonstrated predictable maturation on imaging studies and showed encouraging properties similar to native articular cartilage.
Researchers advocate for systems biology in cancer treatment, promising improved diagnostic tools and new drug targets. The approach integrates mathematical modeling, simulations, and experiments to understand complex cancer processes.
Researchers used motion analysis to study the kicking motion in male and female soccer players, finding that males have more activation in hip flexors and hip abductors compared to females. Female players also exhibit a knock-kneed knee position, which may contribute to increased ACL injuries.
Raxibacumab, a human monoclonal antibody drug, shows high efficacy in treating inhalation anthrax with a single dose. The treatment targets anthrax toxins after they are released by the bacteria into the blood and tissues.
Researchers have made a direct measurement of graphene's quantum capacitance, revealing its unique properties. The findings hold promise for biosensor applications, chemical sensing devices, and flexible displays.
Researchers believe that Galileo's notebooks from 1613 may reveal evidence of his discovery of a new planet, which is now known as Neptune. The planet was observed by Galileo as a faint star near Jupiter and moved relative to an actual nearby star.
Four Penn State researchers, Sean Hallgren, Adam Smith, Michael Hickner, and Susan Parks, will receive the Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers. They were recognized for their outstanding work in quantum computation, cryptography, polymer chemistry, and bioacoustics.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine discovered a novel connection between ITCH and NOD2 genes, which may lead to new treatments for Crohn's disease. The study highlights the potential for individually-tailored therapies for patients with the NOD2 mutation.
A Kaiser Permanente project demonstrated that specialists can improve the health of high-risk patients with chronic illness by using electronic health records to coordinate care. The project found that proactive e-consults reduced late nephrology referrals by two-thirds.
Researchers have developed a new design for solar cells using arrays of nanoscale pillars, each a single crystal, to efficiently convert light into charge-carrying electrons. The efficiency of the test device was measured at six percent, which is higher than most photovoltaic devices based on nanostructured materials.
A research team led by Sergei Mirkin has developed a yeast model to study the molecular mechanisms of Friedreich's ataxia, a genetic disorder caused by GAA repeat expansions. The team found that proteins facilitating smooth replication fork progression decrease repeat expansions, while those causing fork deviations increase them.
The Academy of Natural Sciences' Ewell Sale Stewart Library has been accepted into the Biodiversity Heritage Library, a global initiative to preserve scientific literature on biodiversity. Over 35,500 volumes have been scanned and digitized, with over 14 million pages now available online.
Frank Bayliss, a SF State professor, has been awarded a Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Mentoring for his work opening doors for minority students in the sciences. His Student Enrichment Opportunities office helps send underrepresented minority students to doctoral programs annually.
A team of scientists, led by Dr. James Adovasio, is searching for evidence of human occupation in the Gulf of Mexico, dating back over 12,000 years. The researchers are exploring submerged sites using remotely operated vehicles and divers to collect artifacts and animal fossils.
The World Bank has reaffirmed its support for the ban on tiger trade and called for the phasing out of tiger farms to protect wild tiger populations. The organization urges countries to continue banning domestic trade of wild tigers, citing economic and conservation concerns.
A study found that cardiac CT workups are more cost-effective than traditional care for low-risk chest pain patients, reducing hospital stays by up to 20 hours and lowering charges by 44%. This innovative approach has the potential to significantly reduce costs in emergency departments.
A new theory derived from information theory provides more accurate estimates of species richness in habitats of all sizes, from deserts to tropical rainforests. The method scales up from small plots to biomes and predicts that the number of new species found approaches zero as the area increases.
Dry mouth, caused by decreased salivary function, affects one in four Americans and is linked to over 400 prescription and non-prescription drugs. Patients may experience symptoms like constant thirst, difficulty eating or speaking, and increased tooth decay risk.
A recent study found that climate change models may underestimate the impact of changing atmospheric chemistry on water runoff. The researchers discovered that increased concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and nitrogen in the soil can lead to a 17% increase in forest runoff in eastern US forests.
A study published in the Clinical Journal of the American Society Nephrology found that dialysis does not affect the heart health of kidney disease patients who have had a heart attack. Researchers identified predictors of high risk, such as potassium levels and patient condition severity.
Researchers found A/H1N1 virus infectious to pigs and spreading rapidly in a trial pig population. The virus can pass from humans to pigs but not from pigs to other animals.
The development of genome annotation standards is crucial for advancing microbial genomics, but a lack of standards hinders comparisons and discoveries. Kyrpides suggests several innovative approaches to ease the data processing bottleneck, including proxy approaches and pan-genome representations.
Scientists discover regular alternation of microscopically thin layers composed of distinct diatom assemblages, reflecting seasonal changes in the Arctic Ocean during the Late Cretaceous. This indicates exceptional abundances of diatoms adapted to stratified conditions, suggesting a pointer to future trends in the modern ocean.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine found a strong association between elevated insulin levels and increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Women with higher insulin levels were more than twice as likely to develop breast cancer compared to those with lower insulin levels, especially among lean women.
Pregnant women are underrepresented in clinical research, but experts say including them in the National Children's Study could yield crucial information for women's health. The study aims to follow children from conception through adulthood, but ethicists recommend adding a few key questions on medication usage to gather valuable data.
Researchers found that Southern Elephant seals quickly responded to the gain and loss of habitat under climate change by establishing a new breeding site in the Ross Sea Embayment. This new habitat was adopted due to abundant food resources and physical space, allowing rapid expansion of the population.
A study of rhesus macaques has shown that consuming fewer calories leads to a longer, healthier life, with a reduced risk of age-related diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The diet also preserved brain health, particularly in regions responsible for motor control and executive functions.
A team of researchers will conduct the largest earthquake simulation on a wooden structure, exposing a seven-story building to forces of an ancient earthquake. The goal is to develop new design approaches for stronger and safer wooden buildings.
Physicists at the University of Bonn have demonstrated a quantum walk, a superposition of heads and tails states in an atomic 'coin', and found unusual effects when observing the particle. This research paves the way for new algorithms, including search processes, that can process information much faster than classical methods.
Researchers at UT Southwestern and UT Arlington are developing magnetically controlled surgical instruments to enhance maneuverability and reduce entry ports in laparoscopic surgeries. The Magnetic Anchoring and Guidance System (MAGS) uses magnets outside the abdomen to attract instruments inserted inside, allowing for greater range of...
Researchers at Hospital for Special Surgery have identified a drilling technique that improves the outcome of ACL surgery by better reproducing the native ligament anatomy. The anteromedial portal drilling technique outperforms the traditional transtibial technique in restoring knee stability and preventing complications.
Researchers found that certain microorganisms can convert methane to carbon dioxide using iron and manganese oxides as electron acceptors. This process is crucial for the Earth's carbon cycle and may have played a significant role in reducing methane levels on early Earth.
Researchers at Rockefeller University discovered that telomeres resemble fragile sites in DNA, where replication can stall. A protein called TRF1 helps prevent this by removing unusual structures from telomeric DNA, allowing smooth progression of DNA replication.
Researchers discovered that newborn neurons in the hippocampus help separate individual events and form temporal relationships, improving spatial memory. This breakthrough sheds light on the purpose of neurogenesis and its role in adult brain function.
A new study by UC Berkeley researchers found that increased tremors along the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, Calif., may indicate a build-up of stress and an increased likelihood of a major quake. The tremors have continued to this day at a rate significantly higher than before two nearby earthquakes in 2003 and 2004.
Researchers discovered that whale falls create persistent chemosynthetic habitats in surrounding sediment for over seven years. These habitats are comparable to those found at deep-sea cold seeps and hydrothermal vents.
A randomized controlled trial found that adding probiotics to conventional high-energy ready-to-use therapeutic foods did not improve nutritional cure rates or reduce mortality in severely malnourished African children. However, the study suggests a possible observation of reduced outpatient mortality in HIV-positive children.
Researchers developed a lab test to predict HIV microbicide safety, identifying why some 'safe' microbicides increased HIV transmission. The test detects disruptions in the vaginal epithelial barrier, which can facilitate HIV infection.