New study may help understand how Alzheimer's robs sufferers of episodic memory
Researchers at the University of Georgia have discovered that laboratory rats exhibit
Science News Archive May 2009
Page 10 of 22
Study: Potential criminals deterred by longer sentences
A new study found that former prisoners are less likely to return to jail if they expect longer sentences for future crimes. The study used Italy's Collective Clemency Bill as a natural experiment, measuring the deterrent effect of prison sentences on recidivism rates. Results show that even small increases in expected sentence length ...
Researchers make discovery in colon cancer prevention
A new study finds that individuals with low levels of the 'Celebrex gene' are resistant to Celebrex treatment for colon tumor prevention. High levels of colonic 15-PGDH expression are necessary for Celecoxib to prevent colon tumors.
$1.5 million awarded for palliative care research to improve care of seriously ill patients
The American Cancer Society and National Palliative Care Research Center have awarded $1.5 million in research grants to researchers studying ways to reduce suffering in seriously ill patients and their family caregivers. The studies aim to improve the quality of life for adults and children with chronic illnesses.
Surgery, oral devices associated with improvement in sleep breathing disorder
Treatment with surgery or an oral appliance improves obstructive sleep apnea symptoms, with success rates of 63% and 74% respectively. Surgery is considered for patients who cannot tolerate CPAP therapy, while the mandibular advancement device shows good treatment outcomes in Korean patients.
Cohesin jigsaw begins to fit
New research on cohesin binding patterns in fission yeast reveals that features thought to differentiate cohesin behaviour between organisms collectively define its overall behaviour. This suggests that cohesin's mechanisms of action might be more similar between organisms than previously thought.
Special protein helps maintain an efficient brain
Researchers discover synaptotagmin-IV (Syt-IV) regulates synaptic plasticity, keeping connections between nerve cells optimal for learning and memory. The study's findings may lead to new treatments for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Summer haze cools southeastern US
Researchers discovered that sweltering summers in the southeastern US can lead to a cooling haze due to the mixing of manmade pollutants with natural compounds from forests and vegetation. This effect was found to be significant enough to outpace carbon dioxide emissions' warming effects by 2-to-1.
Scientists discover neurons that 'mirror' the attention of others
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center discovered neurons that mirror the attention of others, which may contribute to social deficits in autism and other disorders. The attention-mirroring neurons were found in the parietal lobe, a part of the brain dedicated to eye movements and attention.
Why does eczema often lead to asthma?
Scientists discovered that a substance secreted by damaged skin can trigger asthmatic symptoms in mice exposed to eczema-causing agents. Early treatment of skin rash and inhibition of the trigger substance may block asthma development in young patients with eczema.
Frail elderly disaster
Researchers suggest 'age-responsive' actions should be integrated into risk assessments and disaster response plans to minimize harm to frail elderly people. The team proposes strategies to address the unique needs of this vulnerable group, including evacuation plans and shelter locations.
Regenstrief Institute is 'pace car' for coordination of medical care at Indy 500
The Regenstrief Institute has developed the Indiana Network for Patient Care (INPC), allowing emergency department providers across the state to access patients' medical histories. This technology will provide critical information for best course treatment and help strategize for future events.
New tool isolates RNA within specific cells
Researchers at the University of Oregon have developed a new method to isolate RNA from specific cells using a chemically modified gene from Toxoplasma gondii. This approach allows for precise study of gene expression and cellular differences, opening up new avenues for research in development, neurobiology, and disease studies.
Patients reveal willingness to trade hands-on medical care for computer consultations
A study by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center found that patients want full access to their medical records, are willing to make some privacy concessions, and expect computers to play a major role in their care. Patients prioritize transparency and online access over traditional face-to-face doctor visits.
Research: Mockingbirds, no bird brains, can recognize a face in a crowd
Researchers found that mockingbirds can recognize individual humans who pose a threat to their nests, leading to aggressive behavior. The birds' ability to recall these threats may be key to their success in urban environments where many species struggle to thrive.
JCI online early table of contents: May 18, 2009
Researchers have identified a molecular link between sleep and weight gain, suggesting that targeting T-type calcium channels could be beneficial for weight loss. Additionally, studies on glucocorticoid hormones have revealed their protective effects on the heart during ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Tumor growth and chemo response may be predicted by mathematical model
A new mathematical model developed at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston suggests that tumor growth and invasion can be predicted using biophysical laws. The model, which links molecular and cellular properties to tumor behavior, consistently reproduced patterns of tumor invasion observed in experiments and patien...
Mock CPR drills in kids show many residents fail in key skills, Hopkins study reveals
A Hopkins study found critical mistakes in life-saving maneuvers like chest compressions and defibrillations in children undergoing arrests. Hands-on training with simulated arrests improved fledging doctors' performance, while experience was key to success.
The first evidence of pre-industrial mercury pollution in the Andes
Researchers have discovered evidence of pre-industrial mercury pollution in the Andes, dating back to 1400 BC, and challenge current thinking on the rise of mining societies. Mercury pollution was initially caused by mine dust from vermillion production, but later increased with Inca control of mines.
New vaccine strategy might offer protection against pandemic influenza strains
A novel vaccine strategy using VLPs could provide a more robust immune response and shorter development time compared to traditional vaccines. Researchers have already made VLP vaccines that show complete protection against H5N1 and 1918 influenza viruses.
Biological link established between tumors and depression
Researchers found a biological link between tumors and negative mood changes in animal models, suggesting that tumor-induced molecules may be responsible for depression. The study also showed that disruptions in gene expression and stress hormone production are associated with tumor development.
July-August 2009 GSA Bulletin media highlights
Recent research includes the documentation of Holocene rupture on major faults in Lake Tahoe Basin and evidence for a large paleolake in Western Desert, Egypt. A study on groundwater system in southern Colorado Plateau-Arizona Transition Zone also sheds light on seismic hazards in western Washington State.
Automated tissue engineering on demand
Researchers at Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft have developed a fully automatic production system for two-layer skin models, which can be produced in large quantities with perfect quality. The technique has already proven its use in practice, but was previously too expensive and complicated for mass production.
Integrated microbial genomes expert review goes primetime
The DOE JGI's Expert Review system enhances annotation quality in microbial genomes, correcting errors and improving function annotations. Researchers can access the system to review genome annotations and contribute to advancing bioenergy research and biogeochemistry.
Researchers discover why eczema often leads to asthma
Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine discovered a substance called TSLP, which is secreted by damaged skin and circulates through the body to trigger asthmatic symptoms. Early treatment of skin rash and inhibition of TSLP production may block asthma development in young patients with eczema.
A combined tooth-venom arsenal revealed as key to Komodo dragon's hunting strategy
A new study has shown that Komodo Dragons' effectiveness lies in their unique combination of serrated teeth and venom. The venom was found to be rich in toxins that prolong bleeding and induce shock in victims, allowing the dragons to weaken and immobilize their prey.
Study examines trends in gallbladder cancer over 4 decades
Overall median survival improved from 3.5 months in period A to 12 months in period C, despite stage of disease at presentation affecting survival. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment, but many patients present with advanced-stage disease.
Yale team identifies key to potential new treatment for allergy-induced asthma
Scientists at Yale School of Medicine and Hydra Biosciences have discovered that a protein called TRPA1 may be a trigger of allergy-induced asthma in mice. Inhibiting this protein with a drug known for reducing pain could also reduce asthma symptoms, providing new hope for treatment.
Are you okay to kiss?
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed a pocket-size breath test that can detect the presence of malodorous bacteria, allowing users to determine if their breath is 'okay to kiss'. The test uses biomarkers in saliva to identify two distinct populations of bacteria causing bad breath.
Turmeric extract suppresses fat tissue growth in rodent models
Researchers found that curcumin, a compound in turmeric, suppresses angiogenic activity in mice fed high-fat diets, leading to reduced fat tissue growth and lower blood cholesterol levels. The study suggests potential benefits for preventing fat tissue growth in humans.
Synthetic catalyst mimics nature's 'hydrogen economy'
Scientists have developed a synthetic catalyst that mimics the active site of naturally occurring enzymes, which process hydrogen like platinum. The researchers created a model of the nickel-iron complex, including a bridging hydride ligand, to better understand the mechanism of hydrogenases.
Shire presents new scientific data on ADHD treatments at National Psychiatric Scientific Meeting
Shire plc will present key scientific data on its Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) treatments lisdexamfetamine dimesylate and investigational non-scheduled guanfacine extended release. The presentations include studies on the pharmacokinetics, duration of effects, patient experience, and response to treatment.
Scientists work to plug microorganisms into the energy grid
Researchers are exploring alternative biomasses for microorganisms to ferment into ethanol and other fuels. The goal is to unlock the sugars trapped in cellulosic biomass, making it possible to produce sustainable biofuels.
Heart disease patients carrying extra pounds do better, live longer
Obese heart disease patients tend to respond well to treatment and have better short- and long-term prognosis than leaner counterparts. However, the exact mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still unclear, and more research is needed to understand the relationship between obesity and cardiovascular outcomes.
Weight loss in old age may signal dementia
A new study found that older people with lower BMI scores are 79% more likely to develop dementia than those with higher BMI scores. Those who lost weight rapidly over eight years were nearly three times more likely to develop dementia, especially if they started out overweight or obese.
Trace elements unbalanced in dialysis patients
A systematic review of 128 studies found that dialysis patients have abnormal levels of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and vanadium, but lower levels of selenium, zinc, and manganese. This imbalance may contribute to adverse clinical outcomes in these patients.
Filling the gap: The importance of Medicaid continuity for former inmates
Former inmates face significant health risks without Medicaid coverage upon release, including increased drug use and mortality. States can follow New York's lead by suspending Medicaid benefits instead of terminating them, allowing for smoother re-enrollment process.
Komodo even more deadly than thought: Research
Researchers uncover Komodo dragons' venom composition, which combines teeth and venom for lethal effects, contradicting earlier theories. The venom causes severe blood loss, inducing shock in victims.
Triglycerides implicated in diabetes nerve loss
Researchers found that elevated triglycerides are significantly more likely to result in worsening neuropathy over a year. Doctors can use this predictor to address lowering lipid counts with their diabetes patients with neuropathy, similar to pursuing glucose control.
New severe asthma treatment uses radiofrequency energy to improve patient quality of life
Researchers found that 79% of patients treated with bronchial thermoplasty experienced a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in their quality-of-life measurements. The procedure addresses an unmet medical need, providing persistent asthma control over the year following treatment.
Air-fueled battery could last up to 10 times longer
Researchers have developed an air-fueled battery that stores up to ten times more energy than current designs, with potential applications in electric vehicles and renewable energy. The new design uses oxygen drawn from the air during discharge, reducing the need for chemicals and increasing capacity.
New procedure alleviates symptoms in people with severe asthma
A new treatment using heat therapy on lung airways reduces severe asthma attacks, ER visits and quality of life improvements. The Alair Bronchial Thermoplasty System shows promise for patients with uncontrolled asthma despite high medication dosages.
How solid is concrete's carbon footprint?
A recent study by Washington State University professor Liv Haselbach found that concrete can absorb more CO2 than previously estimated, particularly when reabsorbed into the material over time. This could lead to a lower overall carbon footprint for the concrete industry.
Popular cancer drug linked to often fatal brain virus
A study from Northwestern University finds a strong link between the cancer drug rituximab and progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (PML), a swiftly moving and often fatal viral brain infection. The study reports 57 cases of PML in patients with anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, or lymphoma who took rituximab.
Research in PNAS by Hydra shows that TRP ion channel drug can treat allergy-induced asthma
A study published in PNAS identified TRPA1 as playing a key role in allergic asthma and demonstrated that HC-030031 effectively treated the condition in mice. This breakthrough research could represent a new avenue of treatment for asthma.
A molecular link between sleep and weight gain
Researchers found T-type calcium channels regulate body weight and sleep, suggesting a link between the two. Mice lacking these channels were resistant to weight gain on high-fat diets.
Partial bans on smoking don't save jobs in restaurants and bars
A new study from Minnesota found that partial bans on smoking in public places have no significant impact on employment in restaurants and bars. Communities with total bans had slightly fewer employees per 10,000 residents compared to those without any ban.
7 out of 10 women too embarrassed to discuss vaginal dryness and pain with their physician
A new survey reveals that post-menopausal women are reluctant to discuss vaginal dryness and pain due to embarrassment, affecting up to 47% who prefer discussing symptoms with a female physician. Despite this, 67% of those treated experience improvements in quality of life and sexual activity.
Thyroid and parathyroid surgery outcomes may be worse in pregnant women
Pregnant women undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery experience higher rates of complications, longer hospital stays, and increased economic costs compared to non-pregnant women. The study highlights the need for cautious approach and careful deliberation on benefits versus risks.
Novel mechanism of action of corticosteroids in allergic diseases
Researchers discovered that corticosteroids reduce allergic inflammation by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of GATA-3, a key regulator of cytokine expression. This finding may lead to new treatments for allergic diseases, targeting interaction between phosphorylated GATA-3 and importin-α.
Babies born to native high-altitude mothers have decreased risk of low birth weight
Research found that Andean women's uterine artery blood flow and oxygen delivery are higher than European counterparts at high altitude, resulting in larger babies. The study suggests genetic adaptation allows Andean mothers to adapt to the high-altitude environment, protecting their fetuses from reduced growth.
Voyages of discovery or necessity?
Ciguatera poisoning, caused by eating large carnivorous reef fish, may have prompted Polynesian migrations out of paradise. Researchers propose that climate change and ciguatera outbreaks led to historical mass migrations of Cook Islanders from Rarotonga to New Zealand, Easter Island, and possibly Hawaii.
FDA grants approval for use of RISPERDAL CONSTA as both a monotherapy and adjunctive therapy in the maintenance treatment of Bipolar I Disorder
RISPERDAL CONSTA has been approved as both monotherapy and adjunctive therapy in the maintenance treatment of Bipolar I Disorder. The medication offers a convenient and effective choice to delay relapse, with studies demonstrating significant delays in mood episode recurrence.
New insight into primate eye evolution
Researchers discovered that only minor differences in cell proliferation timing explain the anatomical differences between owl and capuchin monkey eyes. This finding sheds light on how complex structures like the eye evolve gradually through evolution without compromising function.
Carbon measuring system to help mitigate climate change
The $9.16m Carbon Benefits Project aims to encourage sustainable development schemes that generate climate adaptation, mitigation and conservation benefits. The innovative web-based system will measure and model greenhouse gas emissions produced and stored in soil and vegetation.
Asian-Americans increasingly adopting risky skin-care habits, Stanford survey suggests
A Stanford University School of Medicine survey finds that Asian Americans living in California are adopting unhealthy sun-exposure behaviors as they become more westernized. The study highlights the need for increased skin-health awareness among primary care physicians and people of Asian ancestry.
Research reveals molecular pathway behind invasive prostate cancers
Researchers at University of Cincinnati have identified a new molecular pathway responsible for the rapid development of invasive prostate cancer tumors. The simultaneous inactivation of PTEN and Par-4 genes causes a synergistic effect leading to more aggressive tumors.
Research points to a new way to protect kidneys threatened by insufficient blood or toxins
Researchers at MCG report breakthrough in treating acute renal failure by blocking mitochondrial fragmentation caused by vascular obstruction, trauma, chemotherapy, and toxins. This can prevent kidney cells from committing suicide and lead to acute renal failure.
Calvin B. Cotner to receive AIAA Aerospace Communications Award
Calvin B. Cotner, a retired COMSAT World Systems director, has received the 2009 AIAA Aerospace Communications Award for his contributions to advancing Earth station technology. He is being honored for his technical and strategic leadership in guiding international cooperation in satellite communications.
2-week course of sleep aid increases CPAP adherence in OSA patients at 6 months
A two-week course of eszopiclone increases CPAP usage among OSA patients, with sustained benefits at six months. The study suggests that this intervention could represent a significant clinical benefit for these patients.