A study by the Spanish Railways Foundation found that high-speed trains, such as the AVE, consume 29% less energy and produce 31kg less CO2 per passenger compared to traditional trains. The main advantage of high-speed lines is not in reducing fossil fuel consumption, but in attracting passengers who would otherwise travel by air or car.
A new study found that attending Alcoholics Anonymous at least once a week increased the chance of a positive outcome for incarcerated women returning to the community. The research also showed a significant decrease in alcohol-related consequences and overall drinking days among those who attended AA regularly.
Researchers from Arizona State University are studying Anolis lizards to understand their ability to regenerate tissues, with potential applications in treating human osteoarthritis and spinal cord injuries. The team is using molecular methods and the lizard's genome sequence to identify key genes involved in regeneration.
A study by University of Wisconsin-Madison sociologist Shane Sharp found that prayer can help victims of violent relationships cope with their emotions and find comfort through venting and positive self-perceptions. Prayer also serves as a useful distraction, allowing individuals to momentarily escape from anxiety and feelings of anger.
A Swedish case study reveals how Alzheimer's disease progresses, with high amyloid plaque levels at early stages and declining brain energy. The discovery sheds light on the role of nicotinic receptors and neuroinflammation in the disease, offering new insights for diagnosis and treatment.
A new study improves brain-machine interface control by adding a robotic arm providing kinesthetic information, enhancing the design of 'wearable robots' for paralyzed patients. This approach may help spinal cord injury patients operate computers and robots using only their thoughts.
Scientists successfully removed amoxicillin, a top five US-prescribed drug, and other substances like nitrates and dyes from water samples using Octolig. The process has implications for reducing environmental contamination and point-source pollution.
Consumers who purchase luxury items with unique design elements are more likely to experience aesthetic incongruity resolution, where they make additional purchases to match the item. This can lead to a larger financial expenditure than initially anticipated.
A new nonverbal response card has been developed to improve the accuracy of data collection on teenage sexual behavior. The device reduces reporting bias and provides confidential responses, resulting in higher accuracy rates for HIV risk assessment.
Research led by McGill University Health Centre found that nearly 70% of parents reported feeling closer to their babies after reading to them in the NICU. The practice also encouraged parents to continue reading at home, with those who read to their child in the NICU three times more likely to do so.
The NASA Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) spacecraft has made the first-ever images of the plasma sheet and magnetotail in the Earth's magnetosphere. The data suggests a piece of the plasma sheet was bitten off and ejected down the tail, revealing dynamic interactions that have never been seen before.
A new study reveals that fighter pilots exhibit superior cognitive control, accuracy, and response to distracting information. Their brains also show distinct structural alterations in white matter connections, which may be linked to expertise in certain aspects of cognition.
A combination therapy of entinostat and erlotinib showed improved survival rates in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and elevated E-cadherin levels. The treatment was more effective than using erlotinib alone, leading to a large improvement in survival for patients with high E-cadherin expression.
Marine biotechnology has the potential to address critical future challenges such as sustainable food and energy, new drugs and health treatments, and industrial materials. The European Science Foundation predicts that with the right actions taken now, Europe could become a global leader in marine biotech by 2020.
Researchers developed a new intense 13.5-nm light source using tin and lithium plasmas, which can reduce feature size by an order of magnitude, resolving the fundamental limit in semiconductor manufacturing. The technology has shown promising results, with tin plasmas producing twice as much emission as lithium plasmas.
Researchers used zebrafish to track the behavior of cancer cells and immune cells, discovering that cancer cells produce hydrogen peroxide to attract immune cells. This co-option of the immune system allows tumors to grow and spread, but blocking this interaction can prevent tumor formation.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered gene expressions in lung tumors and normal tissue that predict patient survival time and guide effective treatments. The study found specific nuclear receptors associated with good prognosis and identified potential drug targets for personalized therapy.
Scientists from Technical University of Munich are investigating how robots can help workers pack large TV sets, reducing costs and improving competitiveness. The CustomPacker project aims to create a safer and more efficient packaging station through human-robot cooperation.
A team of researchers led by David Furbish from Vanderbilt University is studying the erosion of Locke Island, which has been alarmingly eroding away since the 1970s. The island's difficulties began when the east bank of the river adjacent to it collapsed, causing a landslide that pinched down the channel flowing around the island.
Researchers have identified a key inhibitory role for the IL-1 signaling pathway in the human innate immune system, revealing its impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. The study suggests that certain drugs used to treat conditions like rheumatoid arthritis may be harmful to IBD patients.
A randomized controlled trial found that a lung protective strategy increased the number of lungs eligible for donation by nearly doubling it compared to conventional ventilation. This method included lower tidal volumes and higher positive end-expiratory pressure levels.
The Affordable Care Act offers comprehensive health benefits to 8.6 million uninsured adults ages 50-64 and 9.7 million underinsured adults. Baby boomers will gain improved coverage through essential benefit standards, limits on out-of-pocket spending, and elimination of lifetime benefit limits.
This special section of Perspectives on Psychological Science explores how psychologists can avoid stigmatizing groups by framing individual and group differences as strengths. Experts discuss the importance of challenging biases and stereotypes in research, teaching, and advocacy to promote a more inclusive field of psychology.
Researchers found that mechanical shaking was more effective than manual shaking in removing yellowjacket queens from Christmas trees. The study also showed that pre-harvest insecticide sprays can be 100% effective in killing yellowjacket queens, even after heavy rainfall.
Researchers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography have discovered a unique defense mechanism in the clusterwink snail, which uses its shell to scatter and spread bright green bioluminescent light. The study found that this diffused light may be used to create an illusion of a larger animal, deterring predators.
A new study found that deep brain stimulation (DBS) targets the same class of neuronal cells known to respond to exercise and Prozac, leading to an increase in new neurons in the hippocampus. The targeted area, anterior thalamic nucleus, may provide a guide for designing better treatments.
Researchers launched a rocket into aurora above Norway to measure the complex physics behind 'satellite drag'. The data will provide essential information for advancing understanding of neutral upwelling and its association with visible aurora phenomena.
A study of 1,106 Mexican heritage youth found that perceived ethnic discrimination and acculturation stress increase with age and lead to higher risks of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. The study suggests that prevention programs should address discrimination and encourage effective coping strategies for young people.
Scientists have discovered that many people with asthma actually had the mould growing in their own lungs. A study by University of Leicester researchers found that 6 out of 10 people with asthma who were allergic to a common mould grew the mould from their sputum, leading to fixed narrowing of the airways.
A Swedish study reveals that children are exposed to an average of 50 TV adverts for food per week, dominated by fast food and sweets. The research suggests a link between food advertising and unhealthy food choices among children.
A USGS study assessed the McKenzie River in Oregon, measuring optical properties to understand dissolved organic carbon and its impact on drinking water quality. The results indicated that sources of dissolved organic carbon originated upstream and were linked to human activity.
Researchers Francisco Úbeda and Edgar Duéñez found that moral corruption and power asymmetries are necessary for overall societal cooperation. Without law enforcers, individuals have less incentive to cooperate, while without power and corruption, law enforcers lose their motivation to do their job.
The cyanobacteria Cyanothece 51142 produces hydrogen gas at a rate roughly 10 times higher than its nearest competitors due to its unique genetic makeup and metabolic processes. This ability allows the microbes to survive on air, water, and sunlight alone.
Researchers have fabricated 2-nm nanochannels that significantly enhance ion transport, improving power density and practical energy density of fuel cells and batteries. The smaller geometry and stronger hydration force are expected to further enhance ion transport in even smaller hydrophilic nanotubes.
A new study shows that attending Alcoholics Anonymous meetings increases spirituality, leading to better alcohol outcomes and improved recovery rates. The research suggests that spirituality is an important factor in the multi-faceted recovery from alcohol-use disorder, but it's not the only method used.
Scientists have discovered how the human papilloma virus (HPV) triggers cancer in the cervix and mouth, potentially leading to new treatments. The study found that HPV activates a protein called Cdc42, which is already implicated in various cancers, including tumour spread.
Medical students and doctors face challenges accessing and incorporating evidence into their practice as the available evidence base grows. A new HEA-funded mini-project will explore decision-making processes about where to obtain information, aiming to improve clinical time management and patient care.
A unique orangutan rescue project in Bukit Tigapuluh is at risk due to selective logging concessions by Asia Pulp & Paper/Sinar Mas Group. The project has been deemed critical for tiger conservation, with over 30 tigers and 150 elephants calling the forest home.
A study published in Applied Ergonomics reveals that rationalization measures often harm physical and psychosocial work environments. However, research suggests that dialogue-based leadership with employee involvement can mitigate these effects. By prioritizing active involvement, employee well-being, and fair treatment, management can...
Researchers incorporated nanocrystals of iridium into flash memory designs, demonstrating excellent memory properties and thermal stability. Iridium's high work function and melting point make it an attractive option for improving nonvolatile memory with enhanced trapping ability.
ASU professors Patricia Gober and Craig Kirkwood assess the impact of climate change on water shortages in Phoenix. Their study provides options for solutions, including changing landscape type, limiting pools, and investing in leak fixes. By embracing uncertainty, residents can reduce risk and protect themselves from water scarcity.
A study of over 3,500 young adults found that those who maintained high levels of moderate and vigorous activity experienced smaller gains in weight and waist circumference during middle age. Women in particular benefited from higher activity levels, with a significantly greater reduction in weight gain compared to men.
UCI researchers identified a novel mechanism in the brain that boosts memory by strengthening and prolonging memories of negative events to simple objects. Neuropeptide S activation prepares the brain for learning, leading to remarkable memory improvement with long-lasting effects.
Genetic analysis suggests a single common ancestor triggered the emergence of flowers from pine cone-like structures, with water lilies as potential 'genetic fossils'. This discovery challenges expectations of distinct genetic instructions for each floral organ in early angiosperms.
Researchers found that vaccinating pregnant women against influenza prevents hospitalization in infants by 91.5%. This effective strategy protects young infants without a vaccine, and is cost-effective as it protects two individuals.
A University of Wisconsin-Madison sociologist found that prayer can help victims of violent relationships cope with their emotions by finding comfort in God's perspective. Prayer serves as a distraction and reprieve from anxiety, while also raising self-worth counteracting the abuser's hurtful words.
A new study by Northwestern Medicine found that highly active women gain significantly less weight over 20 years compared to their low-activity peers. On average, highly active women gained about 13 pounds less than those with low activity levels.
New research explores number processing deficits in children with ADHD and fetal alcohol exposure, revealing distinct brain area effects. The study shows that children with fetal alcohol exposure demonstrate strong deficits in number comparison, while those with ADHD exhibit difficulties in attention and memory.
A new study found that individuals with a strong need for justice perceive tragedy as giving the victim's life more meaning. This 'justice motive' fosters perceptions of benefits in the later lives of tragedy victims.
Researchers have discovered a protein that can prevent chronic tissue inflammation and boost the immune system. The therapeutic vaccine has been shown to effectively treat conditions like multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Astronomers have discovered a new alien world, Qatar-1b, a hot Jupiter located 550 light-years from Earth. The planet orbits extremely close to its star, resulting in scorching temperatures and a unique rotational period.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have successfully created synthetic circuits in yeast cells using gene-regulated communication. This breakthrough could lead to the development of complex biological systems for detecting diseases and monitoring environmental pollutants.
A new type of vaccine is being developed that can trick the body into developing immunity against polio, with no risk of causing or spreading the disease. The replica virus particle will be designed to look and behave like the real virus but contain no genetic material.
Research from the University of New Hampshire found that walkable neighborhoods have higher levels of social capital, including trust among neighbors and participation in community events. This study suggests that designing neighborhoods with accessibility can lead to increased social benefits and improved quality of life.
Researchers are using image recognition software on unmanned aircraft to monitor Arctic seals in remote areas without risking pilots or observers. The project aims to understand the impact of warming temperatures and sea ice loss on seal populations, with potential applications for predicting future changes in seal habitats.
A new national program using Carnegie Mellon University's computer algorithm successfully matched transplant candidates with living donors, enabling the first kidney transplants. The program aims to increase the number of kidney paired-donation transplants by creating a national pool of mismatched donor-recipient pairs.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that neonatal intensive care provides substantial population health benefits in Mexico relative to its costs, even for very premature babies. The study suggests that including neonatal intensive care in Mexico's Seguro Popular program is highly efficient in terms of overall benefits provided com...
The Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation (LSAMP) program at IUPUI is successfully encouraging minority students to select STEM majors and pursue careers. Students like Kathryn DelaCruz and Tomás Meijome are thriving in research projects, internships, and graduate programs.
A new study published in Journal of Youth and Adolescence found no link between violent video games and serious acts of youth aggression or violence. Instead, depression was identified as a strong predictor of youth violence and aggression.
A cluster-randomized clinical trial in Ethiopia found significantly higher nasopharyngeal pneumococcal resistance to macrolides in communities randomized to receive azithromycin compared to untreated control communities. This study highlights the impact of antibiotic selection pressure on developing antibiotic resistance.
A Michigan State University study found that mothers' own eating habits and perceptions of their child as a 'picky eater' significantly impact whether their toddler consumes enough fruits and vegetables. Health professionals must consider these factors when developing strategies to promote healthy eating in children.
A majority of survey respondents identify as biracial but pass as black in certain situations. The phenomenon suggests a changing culture around race relations in the US, with blackness becoming less stigmatized.
A recent study found that moderate alcohol drinkers were more likely to engage in computer tasks to receive high doses of amphetamines, indicating increased vulnerability to stimulant effects. The researchers suggest that moderate drinking may sensitize individuals to the reinforcing effects of amphetamines.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have received grants to develop novel tests for early detection of lung cancer in high-risk patients. The grants will focus on identifying subtle differences in cells from the nose or mouth that can detect disease.
A synthetic derivative of turmeric has been found to be highly neuroprotective against ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury in animal models. The compound, CNB-001, improved behavioral and molecular deficits in both conditions, offering potential clinical promise for current treatment-limited diseases.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found no link between dairy consumption and increased risk of heart disease, stroke, or total mortality. The research also revealed that drinking three glasses of milk per day may lead to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.
Researchers have discovered genetic mutations in the FP/TMEM127 gene linked to a specific type of tumor that forms within the adrenal gland. These variants were primarily found in patients with tumors of adrenal localization and were associated with an average age at development of 42.8 years.
Researchers at UCSF have identified that oligodendroglioma brain tumors arise from progenitor cells rather than neural stem cells. This distinction explains why these tumors are more responsive to therapy, unlike other brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme.
A molecule dubbed 'longdaysin' has been discovered with potent effects on the biological clock, potentially treating severe sleep disorders. The researchers lengthened the biological clocks of larval zebra fish by more than 10 hours and plan to test the compound on mice in the near future.
USF researchers discovered that human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCB) promote the growth and differentiation of hippocampal neurons in both young and old laboratory animals. HUCBs have been found to enhance survival, maturation, and arborization of key brain cells, potentially benefiting treating brain injury and degenerative disease...
Recent studies by University of Rhode Island scientist Katherine Kelley reveal that the Earth's mantle is highly oxidized due to exposure to oxygen during its formation. The findings suggest that oxygen from subduction zones controls mineral composition and gas behavior in the mantle, influencing volcanic eruptions.
Overexpression of PGC-1α significantly improves neurological function in HD-model transgenic mice by reducing htt protein aggregation and oxidative stress. This discovery may lead to therapies targeting PGC-1α function for treating Huntington's disease and related disorders.