Researchers found that e-cigarettes need more suction to produce smoke compared to conventional brands, with aerosol density dropping after the first ten puffs. This decrease in density may lead to compensatory smoking and unpredictable nicotine delivery.
Researchers at University of Innsbruck create one-dimensional structures in optical lattice and observe 'pinning transition' from superfluid to insulated phase. Strongly interacting atoms align regularly along wire due to repulsive interaction.
Researchers at IceCube observatory discover unusual pattern in cosmic ray data, shedding new light on interstellar magnetic fields and possible sources of high-energy cosmic rays. The finding provides a significant boost to physics and astronomy studies, ruling out some proposed theories about the source of Northern Hemisphere anisotropy.
A research project aims to use crowdsourcing to generate and combine ideas to solve broad social problems, such as energy needs. The study will test the effectiveness of crowds in innovation through various experiments.
Two new tests have been developed by Harvard psychologists to predict patients' risk of attempting suicide. The first test measures attention to suicide-related stimuli, while the second assesses implicit mental associations between death/suicide and oneself. These behavioral markers show great promise in identifying high-risk individu...
Dr. George Papanicolaou receives the William Benter Prize for his work on Monte Carlo simulation and its applications in imaging analysis, tackling challenges in cluttered environments. The award supports his efforts to develop effective algorithms for detecting and imaging in varying degrees of clutter.
Researchers found that an enzyme in the cholera bacteria uses a previously unknown mechanism to provide energy. This discovery offers insights into creating drugs to target the bacteria without harming humans. The study provides new understanding of how living organisms convert energy and transport ions.
A new study by Rice University researchers highlights the vast potential of nanomaterials in the construction industry, from making more durable concrete to self-cleaning windows. The study also identifies potential adverse health and environmental effects, emphasizing the need for responsible lifecycle engineering.
Researchers found swimmers were 1.76 times more likely to report a gastrointestinal illness and 4.46 times more likely to report respiratory illnesses. The study recommends taking precautions like avoiding swallowing seawater, showering before entering the ocean, and washing hands with soap.
Researchers found that transforming growth factor-β1 contributes to kidney disease by inducing fibrosis and nephron degeneration. Meanwhile, a new diagnostic criteria for T-cell lymphoma was discovered using mast cells and Th17 cells. Additionally, a novel peptide ASARM may implicate in impaired dentin mineralization in rickets.
Researchers found that angiotensin II promotes brain inflammation in multiple sclerosis, but blocking its receptors with Candesartan decreases inflammation and resolves paralysis. The protective mechanism works only in the central nervous system, and the study suggests a new potential treatment for MS.
A new study by Mark Z. Jacobson suggests that reducing soot emissions is the best hope for saving Arctic sea ice within the next two decades. Soot contributes to global warming and kills over 1.5 million people prematurely, but eliminating it could reduce warming above parts of the Arctic Circle in just 15 years.
The ASCR Leadership Computing Challenge allocates up to 30% of DOE's computational resources to high-risk, high-payoff simulations. Researchers at Argonne will tackle pressing national problems in clean energy, climate change, and more.
Researchers identified how human mutant 'huntingtin' proteins form into large clumps, killing brain cells and leading to progressive Huntington's disease. The discovery reveals that these clusters place a steady stress on cells over time, providing potential targets for targeted treatments.
The penalty points system driver's license resulted in a significant reduction of 12.6% in highway deaths and injuries within the first two years after its implementation in Spain. However, this effect is temporary, lasting only nine months for deaths in urban accidents.
A team of scientists mapped global diversity patterns for over 11,000 marine species, finding temperature strongly linked to biodiversity and high overlap between areas of human impact and diversity hotspots. The study suggests ocean warming may greatly affect the distribution of life in the sea.
Scientists at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging have discovered a family of enzymes involved in the breakdown of toxic fragments that lead to Huntington's disease. Inhibiting these enzymes, known as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), has been shown to reduce the accumulation of toxic fragments associated with HD.
A new technology initiative aims to measure the effectiveness of UC's STEMM education efforts while reducing paper usage. The project uses 35 iPads to collect survey results and performance evaluations, cutting down on scanning time and storage space.
Physicists at Rice University report a simple scaling behavior in electronic excitations of a related material, providing direct evidence of large-scale electronic consequences of quantum critical effects. The study reveals that variables from classical physics cannot explain all observed macroscopic properties at quantum critical points.
The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology honored 11 researchers with various awards for their groundbreaking contributions to the life sciences. Axel T. Brunger, Michael Brown, Joseph Goldstein, Charles E. Chalfant, Job Dekker, Christine Guthrie, Arthur Gutierrez-Hartmann, Yusuf Hannun, and Arthur E. Johnson received...
Researchers have discovered that Michelangelo's depiction of God in the Sistine Chapel ceiling contains unusual features resembling a brainstem, with implications for our understanding of the artist's anatomy knowledge. The findings suggest another hidden anatomical detail in the painting, potentially related to the spinal cord.
Research from Purdue University shows that obese older adults are more likely to use walkers, canes, and other assistive devices at a younger age, increasing the risk of incorrect usage. Obesity heightens the risk of disability, affecting daily life in multiple ways.
Scientists at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified a molecular pathway responsible for the death of key nerve cells whose loss causes Parkinson's disease. The study found that a genetic mutation linked to Parkinson's causes impaired activity of microRNAs, leading to premature cell death.
A study published in Genetics found that genetic interaction with diet is the primary cause of variation in metabolic traits like body weight. This discovery helps explain why fad diets are effective for some individuals but not others.
Research by Dr. Scott Keiller found that narcissistic men exhibit a strong link to hostility toward heterosexual women, whereas attitudes toward lesbian women are favorable. Men's narcissism was also linked to a softer reaction towards gay men.
Researchers found that nearly one in five patients with early stages of CKD had evidence of AF, a rate similar to those with end-stage CKD. The study emphasizes the importance of closely monitoring health conditions of this population due to increasing risk of developing AF as people live longer and get older.
A single stimulatory molecule has been found to sustain human insulin-producing cell replication in a mouse model of diabetes, indicating potential treatment options for the condition.
For nearly three-quarters of elderly patients, intensive chemotherapy is associated with poor prognosis and low median survival time. Researchers identified several predictive factors for mortality rate, including age over 80, genetic abnormalities, and kidney function impairment.
Electrical activity in developing brain cells influences the choice of neurotransmitter, altering behavior. Researchers found that tweaking genetic signals can change an animal's behavior by changing the transmitters neurons make and use.
Researchers at D.J. Sanghvi College of Engineering have investigated various nanotechnology approaches for water purification, including nanofiltration and zeolite filtration membranes. These methods can effectively remove sediments, chemical effluents, charged particles, bacteria, and other pathogens from water.
Researchers found that chronic morphine use decreases levels of tumor angiogenesis, mediated by suppression of signaling induced by low oxygen concentrations. This effect suggests morphine may inhibit tumor growth and serve as an anti-angiogenic agent in cancer pain management.
The 'Language Bases for Reading Comprehension' grant aims to improve listening and reading skills in preschool through third grade. Researchers will develop interventions to support bilingual students, and over 3,000 children will participate in the five-year study.
A new study reveals a global decline of marine phytoplankton over the past century, with declines of about 1% per year. The decline is strongly correlated with rising sea surface temperatures and changing ocean conditions.
A team of researchers has discovered a rare and unique 'elkhorn' coral in the Pacific Ocean, with colonies reaching up to five meters across. Genetic analysis suggests that it may be a variant of the critically endangered Atlantic elkhorn coral, highlighting conservation concerns due to limited data on its population size.
A new primary care model called the patient-centered medical home has the potential to reduce diagnostic errors by focusing on teamwork, communication, and patient empowerment. The model emphasizes comprehensive and coordinated care, facilitated by partnerships between patients, their physicians, and other healthcare professionals.
Researchers have discovered two novel biomarkers for stroke and coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Beta-2 microglobulin levels were significantly elevated in CHD patients, while insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 was strongly associated with stroke risk.
A large-scale study published by BGU researchers found that normal blood pressure at age 17 can predict hypertension in early adulthood, particularly in teenage boys. The study also revealed that estrogen may protect against hypertension in girls, and that monitoring weight and blood pressure is crucial for adolescents and young adults.
Researchers discovered that certain flowers produce heat as a reward to pollinators, which develop larvae in the spent flowers. This finding suggests a novel role for flower heating in plant-pollinator mutualism.
A study published in The Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that computed tomographic colonography (CTC) screening every five years is not cost-effective if reimbursed at the same rate as colonoscopy. However, CTC would be cost-effective if it enticed 25% more individuals to screen.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a method to create macroscale molds or dies that retain nanoscale features, mimicking biological tissues. The team used blowfly eyes as a template to produce high-quality polymer replicas with precise dimensions.
A study by North Carolina State University found that clustered networks of social connections play a key role in diffusing innovation. Opinion leaders within these networks can significantly influence consumer acceptance, with strong connections being crucial for successful adoption.
A study by researchers at UC Davis found that students with ADHD are less likely to finish high school on time than those with other mental-health disorders. Smoking is the strongest predictor of high school dropout among teens who engage in substance use.
Scientists have engineered a variant of fluorescent protein from reef coral to observe protein movement in live cells. The newly created mIrisFP has excellent properties as a genetically encoded marker protein, enabling the study of dynamical processes within live cells at high spatial resolution.
Researchers at CIN2 have developed a way to make artificial materials that control water condensation, leading to the formation of 'room-temperature ice' at ambient conditions. This breakthrough has significant implications for snowmaking, improved freezer systems, and new coatings for skating rinks.
Agricultural Research Service scientists have developed a new genetic map of switchgrass, which is expected to speed up the search for genes that make the perennial plant more viable as a biofuel source. The genetic map divides the switchgrass genome into 18 distinct groups of genes linked together on the same strand of DNA.
A new theoretical model accurately predicts the hydration free energy of a wide variety of organic compounds, enabling accurate prediction of compound movement in complex environments. The model has been developed using computational hydration thermodynamics and chemo-informatic techniques, requiring only 10-20 seconds on a PC.
Scientists have developed a novel method to deliver therapeutic molecules, proteins, and DNA directly into living cells using laser-activated nanoparticles. The technique, which uses bursts of near-infrared light to create tiny holes in cell membranes, shows promise for gene-based therapies.
Scientists at the University of Reading in the UK have created a kite-based system to measure wind speed with high accuracy. By attaching a strain gauge to a kite's tether line, researchers found that the tension in the line is linearly related to wind speed, making it a potential tool for atmospheric research.
Researchers from LMU and ETH Zurich have shown that position and momentum can be predicted more precisely than Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle allows, using a quantum memory. This breakthrough enhances our understanding of quantum memories and provides a method for determining entanglement.
A meta-analysis of social relationships and mortality risk found that individuals with adequate social connections have a 50% greater likelihood of survival. The study's results suggest that reducing mortality through enhancing social relationship factors may be a major opportunity to improve both survival and quality of life.
A study has identified the BRF2 oncogene as specifically associated with lung squamous cell carcinoma, potentially serving as an identification marker and novel therapeutic target. Genetic analysis found frequent activation of BRF2 in pre-invasive stages of the disease, suggesting its role in tumorigenesis.
A study of 1,945 middle-aged participants found that early repolarization patterns were associated with a nearly doubled risk of cardiac death among men and women aged 35-54. The pattern was also linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality, particularly in men.
A Brigham Young University study reveals that social connections, such as friends and family, significantly increase the odds of survival by 50 percent. The research analyzed data from 148 studies, showing that low social interaction is comparable to smoking or being an alcoholic in terms of risk.
A new study published in Psychological Science found that men are less likely to seek cancer screening when presented with misleading information about the prevalence of screening among other men. The researchers suggest that framing health messages to emphasize the benefits of screening rather than relying on relative numbers can be a...
A University of East Anglia study found that female birds in the Seychelles warbler species prefer extra-pair fertilizations, which increase genetic diversity and disease resistance in offspring. This results in longer lifespan for those individuals.
A new study found that intensive home visits from therapists teaching parenting skills and emotional support significantly improved mothers' behavior and reduced child maltreatment. The intervention was more effective than conventional services, resulting in fewer recurrences of abuse.
Researchers at Purdue University have discovered critical mechanisms for the plasma-material interface in nuclear fusion test reactors. The findings show promise for developing new coatings capable of withstanding extreme conditions inside the reactors.
A study of over 15,000 patients in Michigan found that serious complications from bariatric surgery are rare, with rates inversely associated with hospital and surgeon procedural volume. The most common complications were wound problems and minor issues.
Researchers identify neogenin as a crucial protein in skeletal development, which can disrupt cartilage and bone formation if mutated. This finding offers new insight into treating osteoarthritis and provides potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers will deploy NSF/NCAR Gulfstream V research aircraft to gather data on tropical storms that may become hurricanes. By understanding these storms' formation, scientists can help the National Hurricane Center attain five- or seven-day hurricane forecasts.