A team led by UC San Diego aims to study the genetic bases of bipolar disorder and lithium treatment through a 5-year project, expanding the NIH's Pharmacogenomics Research Network. The goal is to identify key genetic markers to personalize treatment and improve patient outcomes.
The Centre for Geogenetics is a globally unique facility that bridges the natural sciences and humanities, offering new insights into human migration, climate change, and disease treatment. With its advanced techniques, it aims to calculate the future more accurately by understanding the past.
Researchers have discovered that the harmful amyloid protein in Alzheimer's disease interferes with the cellular process of breaking down proteins, leading to an accumulation of toxic debris. The study reveals a natural mechanism for getting rid of excess amyloid, which may help understand the disease.
The use of digital film reels is becoming increasingly common in the movie industry, with digital cinema packages (DCPs) replacing analog film. The easyDCP Creator software makes creating these digital film packages easier, allowing for simple and clear operation without full expertise on ISO standards.
A MU study found that 67% of textile and apparel firms misrepresent themselves, with nearly 80% of wholesalers not defining themselves correctly. Companies with congruent identities tend to be financially successful, hiring more employees and having higher sales.
A systematic review of available evidence finds that pharmaceutical and alternative medicines offer limited relief from morning sickness in pregnancy. Despite a lack of conclusive results, some studies suggest potential benefits from ginger, vitamin B6, and acustimulation.
Researchers discovered a significant association between persistent statin use and reduced incidence of rheumatoid arthritis, compared to non-users. After adjusting for confounders, patients who used statins persistently had a lower risk ratio of developing rheumatoid arthritis, with no significant short-term effect.
The American Society of Agronomy (ASA), Crop Science Society of America (CSSA), and Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) are presenting various scholarships and fellowships to students pursuing careers in agronomy and plant sciences. The scholarships include the Hank Beachell Future Leader Scholarship, United Soybean Board Fellowship...
The 2010 Balzan Prizewinners were announced in Milan for their groundbreaking work in European History, The History of Theatre, Stem Cells, and Mathematics. Carlo Ginzburg won for his work on European History, while Manfred Brauneck received the prize for The History of Theatre.
A new Iowa State University study found that corn bred to contain increased levels of beta-carotene is a good source of vitamin A. The discovery validates the promise of biofortified corn being developed as an effective tool to combat vitamin A deficiency in developing countries.
A recent study published in Psychological Science found that females with a male co-twin score higher on mental rotation tasks than those with a female co-twin. The study suggests that prenatal masculinization may play a role in this skill, which is often associated with testosterone levels.
A recent study published in the INFORMS journal Management Science found that young, male CEOs with higher levels of testosterone are more likely to initiate, scrap, or resist mergers and acquisitions. This is due to testosterone's association with male dominance-seeking in competitive situations.
Carnegie Mellon University has received a five-year, $3.15 million grant to launch an interdisciplinary program exploring the environmental affects and policy implications of nanotechnology. Graduate students from multiple disciplines will participate in a two-year training program to learn about environmental issues pertaining to nano...
Researchers at the Buck Institute discovered that insulin signaling affects cell survival and metabolism through translation. The study found that lower insulin signaling is associated with increased tolerance to stress, suggesting a new avenue for disease intervention.
A study by researchers at the University of Warwick has found that short sleep duration is associated with a significant increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease. People who sleep less than six hours a night are three times more likely to develop impaired fasting glycaemia, a pre-diabetic state.
Researchers have created a new animal model for rheumatoid arthritis that closely mimics the human disease. The KRN-CTM model exhibits chronic inflammation and cartilage damage similar to human cases.
A unique suicide prevention program called Sources of Strength will be tested in 36 high schools across New York and North Dakota. The program aims to train influential teen peer leaders to change coping practices in their friendship networks.
Researchers at UC Riverside have identified a chemical compound, blebbistatin, that inhibits the molecular motor NMII and prevents cell death in human pluripotent stem cells. This breakthrough discovery brings stem cell research closer to finding therapies for various diseases.
Interactive computer packages moderately increase knowledge about sexual health issues and are as effective as face-to-face interventions for improving knowledge. However, their effectiveness in addressing other concerns like psychosexual difficulties or relationship problems is unclear.
A study of 4,320 consumer panelists found that low-carbohydrate claims can mislead consumers into perceiving products as healthier and more helpful for weight management. However, when Nutrition Facts panels are available, perceptions become more accurate.
Two studies found that smoking during early pregnancy reduces germ cells and somatic cells in developing embryos, potentially influencing future fertility. This may contribute to the decline in fertility rates observed in recent years.
A study found that infants receiving pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV-7) at 2, 4, and 11 months had a higher likelihood of acquiring pneumococcal serotype 19A, a multiresistant strain. The study's findings suggest that PCV-7 may facilitate the acquisition of this strain.
A meta-analysis found that changing how people perceive and think about others is the most effective way to combat loneliness. Cognitive-behavioral therapy-based interventions were particularly effective in reducing loneliness by addressing negative thoughts about self-worth and social perceptions.
Researchers have used a tuatara's 3D computer model to understand how its jaw joints and muscles work together to prevent tooth damage. The study suggests that humans could benefit from a similar feedback system to reduce the risk of dental implant failures.
A study has discovered that progerin, the protein responsible for Progeria, is present in the vasculature of the general population and increases with age. Researchers found that progerin levels in coronary arteries increased by an average of 3.3% per year between one month and 97 years.
The international consortium's completion of the turkey genome sequence promises to provide new insights into avian genetics and improve turkey quality. The sequence will enable scientists to better understand specific genes important in meat yield, health, and disease resistance.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have identified a new target for cancer therapy in dogs and tested a compound that arrested tumor growth and induced partial remission. The study suggests that the treatment could be effective and safe, potentially adding to existing lymphoma treatments.
Scientists found that irrigation can have a significant cooling effect on regional temperatures, with some areas experiencing up to 3 degrees C cooling. However, the study also warns of impending water scarcity due to overuse of groundwater aquifers, which could exacerbate food shortages and temperature increases.
Native submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) cover increased tenfold and diversity of plant species rose as nutrients declined and water clarity improved. Improved restoration efforts have boosted SAV abundance, benefiting ecosystem health.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have discovered how a cow rumen bacterium breaks down hemicellulose into simple sugars, with implications for human health, nutrition, and biofuel production. The study provides an enzyme cocktail that can release simple sugars from plant cell walls, advancing the biofuels industry.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute found that multivitamin use did not impact colon cancer outcomes in patients with stage III colon cancer. Multivitamin use had no beneficial effect on patients' survival rates but may have a small association with survival benefits for younger patients and those who are obese.
A new study suggests that excessive drinking is associated with poor brain health due to obesity. Researchers found that high body mass index (BMI) was linked to lower brain metabolite levels and poorer brain function in individuals with alcohol dependence.
The NIH is expanding its Pharmacogenomics Research Network (PGRN) with a $161.3 million investment over five years. The network aims to develop novel research methods and study the use of pharmacogenetics in underserved populations, including rheumatoid arthritis and bipolar disorder.
Children exposed to nevirapine at birth who achieved viral suppression later switched to nevirapine showed better virologic suppression compared to those on protease inhibitors. This could lead to cost savings and improved adherence in low-resource settings.
The National Institutes of Health has awarded $42 million to expand eight demonstration projects investigating the link between changes in the human microbiome and health, as part of the Human Microbiome Project. The expanded studies will also support technology development to improve microbiome identification and characterization.
A study found that Ritalin improved impaired brain function and enhanced cognitive performance in people addicted to cocaine. The medication combined with cognitive interventions may have a role in facilitating recovery from drug addiction.
The Endocrine Society recommends that every newborn be screened for CAH, and positive results be followed up with confirmatory tests. The guideline also outlines treatment recommendations, including minimizing glucocorticoid dosage and considering patients' quality of life.
A new clinical trial led by University of Pennsylvania researchers will study the impact of genetic makeup on quitting success for smokers. The study, which will analyze 1350 adult smokers, aims to develop a personalized medicine approach to improve quit rates.
Scientists studied soil moisture, porewater salinity, and hydrological relationships in a historically freshwater floodplain forest to develop restoration plans. They found that conditions in the vadose zone are crucial for seedling survival in coastal floodplain ecosystems.
A St. Jude researcher has received a $8.6 million NIH grant to study how genes affect responses to medicines in leukemia, with the goal of developing personalized treatment plans for kids. The project will partner with the Children's Oncology Group and move pharmacogenetic testing into real patient care.
The Ohio State University will enhance drug response rates and reduce adverse reactions with a $9.1 million grant for a five-year study on expression genetics in drug therapy. The project aims to identify genetic differences among individuals to predict optimal treatment and prevent side effects.
A new Cochrane Systematic Review found that longer antibiotic treatment courses in children with middle ear infections slightly reduce the risk of treatment failure. However, this benefit comes at a significant cost to society, as overuse of antibiotics contributes to drug resistance and increased healthcare expenditure.
A retrospective study found that obese women who undergo bariatric procedures before pregnancy are 3 times less likely to develop gestational diabetes than those who have bariatric operations after delivery. Additionally, deliveries after bariatric procedures were associated with reduced odds of cesarean section.
The UCSF team will receive two grants totaling $15.1 million over five years to expand their research into how genes affect medication response. The goal is to pave the way for personalized medication, allowing for safer and more effective treatment.
A new study suggests that weight-based criticism in pre-teens can lead to negative body perceptions, lower self-esteem, and increased risk of internalizing problems. The research highlights the need for early identification and intervention efforts at schools to address this issue.
Researchers at Children's Hospital Los Angeles found that obesity increases the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in both mouse models and older animals, suggesting an association between excess weight and cancer progression.
A study found that hand washing without thorough drying increases the risk of bacterial transfer, while using paper towels or a rapid air jet hand dryer reduces the risk. Rubbing hands together during drying can counteract hand washing effects.
Chronic drinking increases levels of stress hormones called glucocorticoids, associated with neurotoxicity during abstinence after withdrawal from alcohol dependence. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism may represent a pharmacological option for recovery.
A team of scientists has created a brain atlas that maps the connections between different parts of the human brain. This atlas will help researchers better understand disorders such as autism and schizophrenia, which are believed to be caused by abnormal connections among different regions within the brain.
Researchers installed two observatories in the ocean floor to run innovative experiments at the bottom of the sea. The CORKs will help scientists find answers about how ocean crust sections connect and interact with each other. The experiments will provide direct evidence of active flow pathways and rates in the ocean crust.
A longitudinal study of over 4000 subjects found that occupational exposure to substances like flour or disinfectants is a significant risk factor for adolescents developing persistent neurodermatitis. The study also highlights the importance of considering career choices in patient care and counseling.
Researchers have developed a new device that can eliminate phase noise and cross talk in optical communication networks, enabling improved data transmission. The device uses phase sensitive amplification and regeneration to restore signal quality, allowing for increased network capacity and reduced energy consumption.
The NIH is expanding its Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB) to analyze genomes and identify genetic variations associated with disease risk and adverse drug reactions. The goal is to develop tools that automatically extract information from biomedical literature and databases to improve the safety and efficacy of medicines.
Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine have discovered a major mechanism underlying the development of tolerance to chronic morphine treatment. They identified changes in the brain and spinal cord that occur during the development of morphine tolerance, providing a therapeutic target for preventing it.
A new study by the RAND Corporation found that up to 27.1% of hospital emergency department visits could be treated at retail medical clinics or urgent care centers, which could save $4.4 billion annually in healthcare costs. These conditions include minor infections, strains, fractures, and lacerations.
Primary care physicians' rankings on common quality measures appear to be associated with patient characteristics, such as socioeconomic status and insurance coverage. Adjusting rankings based on these factors significantly changed the quality rankings for many physicians.
The premier issue of Childhood Obesity aims to provide physicians, nurses, and policymakers with actionable content on environmental and policy changes, patient education, and clinical advances in the field. The journal features an editorial by US Surgeon General Regina M. Benjamin and a series of essays on addressing childhood obesity.
A genetic signature has been identified that can help doctors determine which patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer are at high risk for developing disease recurrence and may benefit from chemotherapy after surgery. The study found that the 15-gene signature predicted aggressive disease in 62 patients, and those with agg...
Physicist Adilson E. Motter and colleague Katrin Gelfert show that chaos is absolute in the universe's early expansion, disagreeing with previous studies' relative views. The study implies that the early universe experienced erratic changes between red- and blue-shift directions, confirming chaotic behavior.
Researchers have identified dendritic cells in zebrafish, opening up new possibilities for studying the complexities of the human immune system. The discovery provides another model for investigating the mammalian immune system, particularly with regard to humans.