Researchers at Berkeley Lab introduce a maize gene to switchgrass, doubling starch content and making it easier to extract fermentable sugars. The results offer a promising new approach for improving dedicated bioenergy crops.
A new study shows a 20-percentage point jump in colonoscopy screenings among New Yorkers ages 50 and older, erasing disparities across several demographic populations. The campaign aimed to address growing disparities in colon cancer mortality rates, particularly among blacks, Hispanics, and women.
Researchers have discovered a new way to build muscle by suppressing a natural inhibitor, resulting in mice and worms with super-strong muscles. This breakthrough could lead to treatments for age-related or genetics-related muscle degeneration, as well as applications for athletes and individuals with genetic muscular dystrophy.
Scientists warn that Great Plains river basins are under threat due to aquifer pumping, which has reduced suitable habitat for native fishes. The study found that only 57% of refuge pools would remain after 35 years under current circumstances.
The GOES-13 satellite is monitoring two low-pressure systems: System 90E in the eastern Pacific with a 40% chance of becoming a tropical depression, and an elongated system in the central Atlantic with a 10% chance of development. The satellite imagery shows clouds and showers near the centers of circulation for both systems.
The Canadian Diabetes Association has partnered with Elsevier to publish the Canadian Journal of Diabetes, a peer-reviewed journal promoting knowledge sharing and advancing diabetes research. The partnership aims to enhance the journal's excellence through Elsevier's global reach and expertise in scientific publication.
Researchers found that dyslipidemia and elevated heart rate increased the risk of developing abnormal lung function, while elevated amylin levels reduced this risk. The study suggests that systemic inflammation may play a role in promoting lung function impairment after particulate exposure.
Researchers discovered that a degradation product of defective hemoglobin blocks the establishment of a trafficking system used by the malaria parasite, preventing circulatory disorders and neurological complications. The study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism behind the protective effect of sickle-cell anemia against...
Scientists at Chalmers University of Technology have succeeded in creating light from vacuum by capturing photons that appear and disappear in the vacuum. The experiment confirms a fundamental principle in quantum mechanics, demonstrating the existence of virtual particles that can become real photons.
Researchers at TUM elucidated the structure of PylB, an enzyme crucial for pyrrolysine biosynthesis. The discovery sheds light on how archaebacteria modify existing systems to create tailored amino acids with unique properties.
TRMM data revealed a narrow line of moderate to very heavy rainfall associated with the cold front, accompanied by tornadoes and strong winds. The analysis showed the area of heavy rain was confined to a specific region, highlighting the severity of the storm.
Concreteness training (CNT) significantly reduces depression and anxiety symptoms, shifting thinking style from abstract to specific. CNT outperforms relaxation training, with the habituated group experiencing more significant symptom reduction.
The ASGE and ASMBS have issued a white paper exploring the role of EBTs in treating obesity. EBTs, such as laparoscopic gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding, and sleeve gastrectomy, may offer patients an outpatient alternative to traditional bariatric procedures.
A new study from the University of Leicester reveals that cervical smear tests can cause stress, anxiety, and pain in women, leading to unsatisfactory experiences. The research highlights the need for healthcare professionals to tailor their approach to individual women's needs and concerns.
Galaxies continuously recycle immense volumes of hydrogen gas and heavy elements, allowing successive generations of stars to form. The process is driven by gas-rich star-forming spiral galaxies that can evolve into elliptical galaxies without star formation.
Scientists used powerful synchrotron spectroscopy and computational modeling to reveal carbon as the mystery atom in nitrogenase, a complex enzyme crucial for life. The research was published online in Science and provides insight into the chemistry of how the cluster behaves, a step toward unraveling its mechanism.
Researchers have found that the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains were formed by multiple tectonic events over a billion years, rather than a single event. The mountains' youthful appearance is thought to be due to the preservation of ancient crustal roots and uplift caused by rifting.
The new journal, Food and Energy Security, aims to publish high-quality, peer-reviewed articles on agricultural crop and forest productivity to improve global food and energy security. The journal will be published under Wiley Open Access and is open to submissions now.
Researchers discovered a cellular mechanism allowing brain cells to translate different diets into distinct activity patterns. The orexin/hypocretin neurons are stimulated by amino acids, but inhibited by glucose, revealing a complex 'push-pull' control by sugars and proteins.
Scientists at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute discovered a protein called Siah2 that regulates mitochondrial fragmentation under low oxygen conditions. Inhibiting Siah2 prevents heart cell death and reduces tissue damage in mice, suggesting a new therapeutic target for heart disease treatment.
A new study by Italian scientists shows that biodegradable mulches can effectively control weeds in container-grown arborvitae, with results comparable to chemical herbicides. The researchers found no impact on substrate temperature or water content, and noted that transpiration is the main component of water loss from these plants.
A new study suggests that increasing the expression of certain developmental genes in the uterus at precise times may improve IVF success rates. The researchers found that these genes, Msx1 and Msx2, play a crucial role in ensuring uterine receptivity for successful embryo implantation.
Researchers discovered that the genes AURKA and MYCN were overexpressed in neuroendocrine prostate cancers, leading to the inhibition of tumor growth by PHA-739358. This study provides new hope for treating a highly lethal form of prostate cancer.
A study published in Blood has identified a potential marker, PD-1, that is more frequently found in young leukemia patients who experience relapses. This discovery could lead to the development of simple tests to predict relapse, reducing the risk for these vulnerable individuals.
A Pitt study found that EMS workers' perceptions of workplace safety culture are associated with negative patient and provider safety outcomes. The analysis of 412 surveys showed that individual EMS worker perceptions impact composite measures of patient and provider safety outcomes.
A team of researchers used computational modeling to study the evolution of Neanderthals in response to climate change, revealing that they were as adaptable and resourceful as modern humans. The study suggests that Neanderthals' success led to their own extinction due to interbreeding with modern humans.
A recent study found that 65.8% of public gardens offer some form of adolescent programming, but only 28.9% provide long-term programs. The research identified seven institutional benefits and strategies for implementing successful youth programming.
Research on container-grown trees found that deep structural roots contribute to physiological stresses and abnormally deep roots. Remediation techniques reduced growth delays in pin oak, while littleleaf linden showed more persistent issues after three years.
Researchers have created a highly sensitive surface that enables multivalent binding, allowing for the efficient capture of circulating tumor cells from the blood. The combination of nanotechnology and biomimicry demonstrates great potential for detecting rare tumor cells.
Research from the University of Sheffield found that people are willing to pay extra for greener urban spaces, with greater tree coverage attracting higher payments. The study surveyed public opinions on various redevelopment scenarios and found a strong correlation between green space quality and willingness to pay.
The world is facing a dire shortage of new antibiotics, with increasing resistance making treatment increasingly difficult. Professor Laura Piddock calls for urgent action to turn this around, citing the need for increased public awareness and government support.
A 22-year follow-up study of Multisystemic Therapy found significant reductions in violent felonies, misdemeanors, and family problems among former participants. The treatment has protected potential victims and encouraged further use globally.
Researchers introduced a new computer-based model, L-PEACH-d, to simulate peach tree growth and optimize horticultural practices. The model integrates concepts of carbon assimilation, distribution, and use in trees.
Health insurance costs outpaced income growth in every state, with premium increases ranging from 33% in Idaho to 70% in Mississippi. Employees contributed 63% more to premiums while getting less protective coverage, with per-person deductibles doubling over the same period.
A new study projects a bleak future for San Francisco Bay's tidal marshes under high-end sea-level rise scenarios, with up to 93% of the bay's tidal marshes potentially lost. However, the study also highlights the importance of restoration efforts and sediment management in preserving these vital ecosystems.
A new study found that lemmings can promote greening in the Arctic by increasing grass and sedge biomass, which could tip the climate either way. The researchers suggest that lemming populations play a key role in regulating tundra ecosystems, potentially maintaining them as carbon sinks.
Despite advancements in genetic profiling, breast cancer treatment remains non-personalized due to limited robust prognostic and predictive factors. Standard gene expression profiling has shown limitations in predicting chemotherapy benefit and prognosis for certain disease subsets.
Micro-cavity arrays, pioneered by Air Force research, utilize micro-plasmas for efficient and environmentally friendly lighting. The technology boasts high utilization efficiency, is fully dimmable, and has a high Color Rendering Index, approaching sunlight quality.
Researchers are studying two enzymes to combat the flu virus, which causes 36,000 US deaths and 200,000 hospitalizations annually. The goal is to identify targets for drug therapies that can block the spread of the influenza virus.
Astronomers have discovered that galaxy halos are much larger and more massive than previously thought, with up to 90% of mass undetectable by previous instruments. The new data provides a detailed picture of the chemical structure, movement, and temperature of gases in the halo.
A new study from North Carolina State University reveals that groundwater levels are influenced by precipitation three months earlier. The research provides unprecedented detail on how climate affects surface water and streamflow in the region, enabling better planning and policy decisions to mitigate water shortages.
Despite widespread adoption, MRI's limited evidence supports its benefit only for high-risk women and no significant impact on treatment outcomes. MRI's increased sensitivity in detecting cancer has yet to translate into better patient selection or reduced surgical procedures.
Researchers from Princeton University reject the prevailing theory that a single large meteorite caused the mass extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous period. Instead, they link the extinction to massive volcanic eruptions in western India known as the Deccan Traps, which were 3 times larger than France.
New archaeological evidence suggests that soybean domestication may have occurred as early as 5,500 years ago, with widespread adoption in northern China, Japan, and South Korea. This discovery challenges long-held assumptions about the origins of soybean domestication.
The study found that newly qualified nurses, midwives, and AHPs reported increased clinical skills development and confidence after completing the online course. However, mentors needed more training and time to provide support, with many respondents reporting a lack of time for both students and mentors.
Human relationships rely on endorphin rewards for motivation, unlike rodents which focus on oxytocin and vasopressin. The study suggests that endorphins enable complex relationship networks to endure and persist.
New research suggests that ozone gas emitted from fracturing rocks could indicate impending earthquakes. Different types of rocks produced varying amounts of ozone, with rhyolite producing the strongest emission.
A cartoon character is being used to promote the use of tranexamic acid, a life-saving drug that is not being used enough. The animation, designed by Hywel Roberts, aims to increase awareness and uptake of the generic drug among healthcare professionals.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute identified the genetic switch Spalt that regulates flight muscle formation in flies. Without Spalt, flies are flightless, but can still move their legs normally. This discovery has potential medical applications for understanding and regulating human muscle function.
Stowers researchers used baker's yeast to study chromosome separation and found that Mps3 ensures accurate spindle pole body duplication, which is crucial for cell division. They also discovered a novel mutant with defects in nuclear membrane structure and function.
Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center have discovered a protein called TAT-5 that inhibits the budding of extracellular vesicles from cells, affecting tumor spread, blood clotting, and inflammation. The study reveals new potential strategies to manipulate diseases like cancer.
A new mathematical model developed by an international research group can predict the stability of European nations and identify regions more likely to break up. The model considers demographic, economic, cultural, and genetic factors, showing a correlation between population genetics and cultural distance.
The University of Alaska Fairbanks' Toolik Field Station will receive a $16.3 million award from the National Science Foundation to improve its infrastructure and services. The funding will support upgrades to housing, utilities, meals, communications, and lab space for hundreds of scientists and students working at the station.
Researchers found vermicompost amendments in organic substrates significantly enhanced tomato growth and yield. The addition of vermicompost resulted in lower incidence of defective fruit, further increasing the benefits for organic production.
A multidisciplinary team of researchers has developed the world's lightest material, boasting a density of 0.9 mg/cc and unparalleled mechanical behavior. The novel material's unique micro-lattice cellular architecture enables complete recovery from compression exceeding 50 percent strain and extraordinary high energy absorption.
A recent study reveals that individuals with grapheme-color synesthesia exhibit increased activity in the brain's visual cortex, a finding that provides insight into the neural mechanisms underlying conscious awareness. The research also suggests that the brains of synesthetes may be more excitable than those without the condition.
Flies sense glycerol, a sweet-tasting compound made during fermentation, which signals high nutritive value. Researchers found that a receptor called Gr64e plays a crucial role in signaling a good taste for beer.
A decade-long study found that rehabilitating vacant lots reduces gun assaults across most of Philadelphia and vandalism in one section. Greening also associated with residents reporting less stress and more exercise in certain sections.
A systematic review of delirium biomarkers found that clinicians are not using these chemical indicators to diagnose or treat patients with delirium. Biomarkers linked to delirium provide a window into the disease process, enabling better recognition and management of the condition.
Researchers develop an integrated statistical framework to model multiple relationships of different types on a common set of actors. The study found that common factors determined the likelihood of relationship formation, including geographical proximity and online popularity. The model accurately predicted relationships in networks, ...