Researchers identified a key mechanism behind diabetes-related cognitive impairment, finding that insulin resistance triggers inflammation leading to cortical atrophy and brain dysfunction. The study provides new insights into the disease's impact on the brain and highlights the importance of managing and preventing diabetes.
A study by Frank Cobelens and colleagues found that the Xpert MTB/RIF diagnostic test is cost-effective for TB diagnosis in high-burden countries. The test reduces years of life lost due to TB, making it a highly cost-effective investment.
A recent survey of Pacific sea turtles has identified 16 species of epibionts, including crabs and barnacles, that live on their shells. These organisms can cause drag and transmit disease, highlighting the importance of considering their impact on turtle health and ecology.
Researchers found that older male nightingales matched songs less often and overlapped songs more frequently with younger birds. This suggests a different strategy than previously thought, where older males may 'show off' to protect their territories by adding new songs to their repertoire.
Researchers activated a gene called PGC-1, which increases mitochondrial activity, and found it significantly extends the lifespan of fruit flies' digestive tracts. The study's implications for human aging suggest targeting the intestine as a vital tissue type for healthy aging.
Researchers have made a fundamental discovery about enzymes, revealing that flexibility is an essential feature of enzyme function. This finding has significant implications for improving the efficiency of enzymatic processes and developing new treatments for diseases such as AIDS.
The Galaxy platform is now available as a cloud computing resource, providing researchers with access to powerful computing power and vast data storage capacity. This development enables scientists to perform large-scale DNA analyses without investing in expensive computer infrastructure.
Infants born prematurely in Malawi are at a higher risk of death and developmental delays compared to term-born infants. The study found that premature babies were 1.79 times more likely to die than term babies, with increased rates of underweight and disability.
Four Hebrew University professors, Prof. Saharon Shelah, Gershon Ben-Shakhar, Berachyahu Lifshitz, and Eliav Shochetman, have been awarded the $1 million EMET Prize for their significant contributions to mathematics, psychology, law, and Jewish law. The prize recognizes their far-reaching influence and impact on society.
Scientists have developed a microscope that utilizes compression sensing to gather molecular vibration information with increased resolution and reduced time. The new method has been applied to sum frequency generation microscopes, resulting in images with 16 times more pixel density than traditional scanning techniques.
Researchers at the USDA's Agricultural Research Service found that biochars produced from switchgrass and hardwoods increased soil moisture storage in sandy soils. The study also showed that biochars can extend the window of soil water availability for crops by 1-3 days.
The 520-day Mars Mission simulated prolonged operational confinement on a six-member international crew, collecting over 4.5 million minutes of actiwatch data to evaluate the impact on sleep patterns and mental health. The study's findings will help scientists mitigate potential problems for future long-duration space missions.
A preliminary study found that children with autism had an average 67% more prefrontal brain neurons and a larger than average brain weight compared to children without autism. The researchers also discovered significant differences in neuron counts in the PFC, with 79% more neurons in one subdivision.
A study projects an increase of up to 350% in Mediterranean forest formations like holm oak and juniper due to CO2 concentration increases. In contrast, cold-adapted species may shrink by 99%. The prediction could have significant impacts on biodiversity conservation.
Researchers used NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data to create a model that takes elevation into account, improving predictions of solar power output in California. The model, made available publicly, provides more realistic estimates for utility companies and homeowners.
EMBO has selected 22 young researchers for its prestigious Young Investigator Programme, aiming to support their promising careers. The programme provides funding, networking opportunities, and mentorship to help them advance their research.
Researchers at RIKEN Brain Science Institute discovered a key mechanism for degrading ubiquitinated protein aggregates in brain cells. This process is mediated by the phosphorylation of p62, which triggers selective autophagy and degradation of protein aggregates.
A study found a decrease in TB cases in the US between 2000 and 2009, particularly among recent immigrants and disadvantaged groups. The drop was attributed to economic recession and lower immigration rates, but the long-term impact on public health remains uncertain.
Researchers have successfully tied molecules into a complex pentafoil knot using self-assembly, expanding the understanding of material properties and potentially leading to new materials with improved properties. The knot is composed of just 160 atoms, approximately 16 nanometers in length.
A new study uses high-field MRI to detect tiny white matter lesions in developing brains, revealing previously undetectable injuries. This breakthrough has the potential to prevent delays in therapy and improve diagnosis and prognosis of white matter injury in preterm infants.
A team of researchers used ancient DNA to analyze the color variations seen in Paleolithic cave paintings, finding that all phenotypes existed in pre-domestic horse populations. This study lends weight to the argument that artists were reflecting their natural environment.
The EU project PAGE21 aims to better understand the release of carbon from Arctic soils and its effects on the climate system. By deploying standardized measurement methods and collecting high-quality data records, researchers hope to improve the accuracy of global climate models.
Foldit players employed creative strategies to solve protein structure puzzles, codifying and sharing their approaches. The study reveals the flexible nature of gamer intelligence and its potential for solving complex scientific problems.
A study found that northern muriqui monkey mothers play a key role in their sons' reproductive success, with no evidence of inbreeding. The research suggests that this egalitarian society may be the reason for the species' critical endangered status.
A Stanford University School of Medicine study reveals that osteoarthritis is driven by low-grade inflammatory processes. The researchers found that inflammation sets in motion a chain of molecular events that escalates into an attack on the damaged joint, leading to its progression.
A large-scale study has shown that Suboxone is the most effective treatment for prescription opioid addiction, with 49% of participants benefiting from the medication. Despite this finding, relapse rates were high once the medication was discontinued, highlighting the need for continued research on long-term use.
A new study found that older women with breast cancer are not experiencing the same improvements in treatment and detection as younger women. The study, published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, reveals a discrepancy between age groups when it comes to breast cancer outcomes.
Researchers mapped epigenetic changes in neurons from individuals with autism, finding hundreds of sites affected by histone methylation alterations. The study reveals considerable overlap between genetic and epigenetic risk maps for developmental brain disorders.
Researchers at Uppsala University have discovered that small lake-dwelling fish follow simple yet effective rules when schooling together. By tracking individual fish and analyzing their interactions, the team identified key movements such as slowing down near others and turning to move towards neighbors.
The Health Impact Project, a collaboration between Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and The Pew Charitable Trusts, has received funding from The Kresge Foundation to conduct two health impact assessments in the housing sector. The funding will support decision-making in underserved communities, addressing issues such as asthma and diabetes.
The study found that integrating a coach-led neuromuscular warm-up prior to sports practice significantly reduced the risk of lower extremity injuries in adolescent female athletes. The intervention group experienced 50 lower extremity injuries, compared to 96 in the control group.
Biophysicists studied the interplay of microtubules and motors that shorten filaments, revealing a critical concentration of motors necessary for proper cell division. The research model shows that a traffic jam of motor molecules significantly alters microtubule shortening behavior.
Dr. Abramson is recognized for his research and contributions to the field of rheumatology, with over 200 publications in top-tier journals. He has also held key positions in academic institutions and regulatory agencies.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have demonstrated the brain's key role in regulating glucose metabolism in humans. The study found that drugs targeting the brain and central nervous system could be a novel approach to treating diabetes.
A human monoclonal antibody significantly suppressed hepatitis C virus (HCV) levels in liver transplant patients, delaying viral rebound. The treatment also reduced HCV-related liver damage and improved patient outcomes.
Students from three schools will use robotic submarines to map and monitor shipwrecks scuttled by Lord Cornwallis during the Battle of Yorktown. The project aims to conserve these historical sites and introduce students to advanced robotics and marine science.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh have created a new generation of materials by tying molecules into complex knots that can give them exceptional versatility and flexibility. By producing chemicals with specific numbers of well-defined knots, scientists may be able to design materials with greater control over their properties.
A study characterizes epigenetic signatures of autism in brain tissue, finding hundreds of genomic loci affected by altered histone methylation. The research provides new insights into the genetic and epigenetic risk maps of developmental brain disorders.
A new study found that more than 80% of lupus patients with end-stage renal disease opt for hemodialysis, while those without insurance or employed are less likely to choose peritoneal dialysis. The study highlights the impact of socioeconomic factors on kidney replacement therapy choices among lupus patients.
A new study published in Neurology found that a person's stroke risk profile can also predict their risk of developing memory and thinking problems later in life. The researchers followed 23,752 people with an average age of 64 and found that those with higher stroke risk profiles were more likely to develop cognitive problems.
A review of 1,181 women from five countries found that many struggled with returning to work due to unrealistic expectations, lack of support, and physical appearance judgments. Employers must educate themselves and provide better support and policies to tackle the culture of ignorance.
Researchers at RIT and Dowling College are working on a three-year study to match the protein to its job in the human body. They will use a library of 400 protein motifs associated with known functions and compare proteins from the Research Collaboratory for Structural Biology Protein Data Bank with existing active-site templates.
A new study by Drexel University researchers found that a safe working environment for nurses is also a safe environment for patients. For each 10-point increase in the average safety climate score, the odds of decubitus ulcer and nurse injury declined significantly.
Demographer Emilio Zagheni's profile shows that societies with a growing elderly population tend to produce lower CO2 emissions. As people age, their carbon dioxide emissions decrease due to reduced consumption of energy-intensive goods and increased healthcare spending.
Researchers at UGA have developed the world's first transgenic mouse model with Hirano bodies, which may play a protective role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. The new model will allow scientists to study the impact of Hirano bodies on cell survival and disease progression.
Researchers will present groundbreaking studies on fluid dynamics at the APS conference, covering topics from mosquito flight in rain to wine swirling mechanisms and mechanical heart valve design. The meeting aims to bring together experts from around the world to share their findings.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology are developing microneedle patches to administer polio vaccine, which could eliminate the need for trained personnel and refrigeration. The project aims to provide data to justify human trials and make vaccination more accessible in remote areas.
A study found that drospirenone-containing oral birth control pills are associated with a significantly increased risk of venous thrombotic events, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Risk was highest in the early months of use and was also influenced by factors such as age, high blood pressure, and obesity.
The current system is broken due to complex rules and regulations leading to costly litigation between brand and generic companies. Reform options include a standard fixed period for market exclusivity or abolishing the Patented Medicines regulations, both aimed at reducing litigation and improving investment certainty.
Researchers found that connexin 36 protects mouse pancreatic beta-cells against apoptosis triggered by immune molecules prevalent at the onset of Type 1 diabetes. Promoting connexin 36 expression and function could provide a therapeutic strategy to protect beta-cells from immune system attack.
Researchers at Virginia Tech are using genomics to improve poplar tree quality as a biofuels feedstock. The goal is to increase bioenergy crop production and reduce dependence on food crops, offering new options for American farmers.
Research shows that organized stroke care can significantly reduce one-year mortality rates among patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). The study, led by Dr. Vladimir Hachinski, found a 26% reduction in mortality rates among those referred to a stroke prevention clinic following a TIA or non-disabling stroke.
A new study found that bundling payments to healthcare providers to reduce costs proves difficult to implement, despite its potential benefits. Researchers identified technical and cultural barriers as major obstacles to the approach.
A web-based intervention aimed at promoting healthy eating and physical activity among adolescents was found to have no long-term effects on weight gain, but did show positive short-term changes in dietary behavior. The study evaluated the effectiveness of the FATaintPHAT intervention over two years, finding it ineffective in reducing ...
A review article reveals historically low breast reconstruction rates in Canada, with only 7.7% of Ontario patients undergoing the procedure in 1994/95. Factors such as age, socioeconomic status, and geography influence the use of breast reconstruction, with women living in urban areas more likely to undergo the procedure.
A topical gel containing an anti-HIV drug was found to be safe and effective in reducing HIV infection when applied to rectal tissue exposed to HIV. The study suggests a significant reduction in HIV transmission, particularly for receptive anal intercourse, which accounts for a major route of new infections.
A 10-year follow-up study found that infants with high hemoglobin levels who received iron-fortified infant formula had poorer long-term developmental outcomes. The study suggests that the optimal amount of iron in infant formula may need to be redefined.
The University of California, Santa Barbara has received funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to develop an innovative global health research project, ImmuNet. The project aims to create a low-cost local cellular architecture to track vaccine status and disseminate vaccination-related information in rural regions.
The US Forest Service's Northern Research Station is part of an international team sequencing 1,000 fungal genomes as part of the DOE's Community Sequencing Program. This project aims to create an encyclopedia of all fungi, which will help researchers understand their roles in ecosystems and develop new products.
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia is investigating a novel drug approach to control and cure HIV infection. The hospital will study the potential of synthetic BET family protein antagonists to flush HIV out of its hiding places, where it can be destroyed by other antiretroviral drugs.