A team of scientists found that plutonium clusters adhere more strongly to mineral surfaces than individual ions, which could help contain its spread into the environment. This strong adherence could minimize the leakage of nuclear waste from steel barrels.
A massive shift in tree species is underway across the Western United States due to climate change, with many native species declining or disappearing and opportunistic newcomers replacing them. The research identifies areas where forests will change composition, with some regions shifting into grasslands or deserts.
A NYU dental research team is using a $2.2 million NIH grant to analyze bacterial samples and identify strains of Lactobacilli contributing to severe early childhood caries. The study aims to develop a diagnostic test to identify children at risk.
A Wayne State University researcher is conducting studies to understand the differences in marijuana use among three subgroups of HIV-positive patients. The goal is to address knowledge gaps and inform decision-making at a state level, potentially guiding treatment and policy.
A study by McGill University Health Centre researchers found that adolescent amphetamine use can cause neurobiological imbalances and increase risk-taking behavior, effects that persist into adulthood. The study used animal models and found abnormalities in key neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.
Skin detects UVA radiation using a light-sensitive receptor found in eyes, leading to melanin production within hours. Researchers find that long-wavelength UVA light stimulates rhodopsin in melanocytes, triggering calcium signals and melanin accumulation.
The November GSA Today science article explores why the Southern Gulf of California ruptured so rapidly, attributing it to an oblique divergence across a thin and hot, weak lithosphere. This process allowed for rapid deformation and stretching of the crust, resulting in new sea floor formation in just 6-10 million years.
A research team has sequenced the genome of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato to understand how it evades plant defenses and develop methods to prevent further spread. The study found that the pathogen likely evolved on a recent time scale and continues to adapt by minimizing its recognition, posing a threat to biosecurity.
Researchers have combined gene therapy and stem cell transplantation to successfully reverse hemophilia A in large animals, eliminating symptoms and restoring normal activity. However, the treatment's effects may be reduced or shorter due to an immune response developed by the treated animals.
A study published in BMC Emergency Medicine found that higher body mass index (BMI) and fitness levels improve CPR performance, while lower BMI and fitness lead to decreased compression depth and fatigue. The researchers recommend changing CPR providers every two minutes to prevent tiredness from impeding proper compression.
The size of dead zones in the Chesapeake Bay has decreased steadily since the late 1980s, linked to reduced nutrient pollution efforts, while early summer spikes are influenced by climate forces, not pollutants
A Brigham Young University study found that voters who go against the neighborhood norm have less confidence in ballot privacy, with 30% less confidence. Election officials' shift to new voting technology has increased concerns among some voters about privacy.
The National Cancer Institute has awarded Albert Einstein College of Medicine two grants totaling $8 million to study the microenvironments that drive the spread of cancer. The research aims to understand the complex process of metastasis, which is responsible for most cancer-related deaths.
Researchers analyzed genealogies of over one million individuals in Quebec to show that pioneers on the edge of colonization waves had a selective advantage. This advantage led to increased fertility and reproductive success, as well as a desire for exploration and colonization.
Researchers at Michigan State University have discovered a new gene, Clumped Chloroplasts (CLMP1), which plays a key role in chloroplast separation and division. The discovery could lead to improvements in crop yields and efficiency through breeding and genetic manipulation.
A NASA-sponsored study found that prolonged space flights can cause a range of visual system changes in astronauts, including blurry vision and abnormalities in the eye tissues. The study's findings have implications for long-duration manned space voyages, such as a trip to Mars.
The DOE JGI's 2012 Community Sequencing Program allocates over 30 trillion bases for researchers to study plant-microbe interactions and environmental genomics. This includes projects on rhizosphere microbial communities, Casuarina trees, and microbial communities in extreme environments.
The UH Mars Rover Model Celebration and Exhibition will receive a $414,000 grant from NASA to develop a stronger event, expand beyond Texas, and provide hands-on science projects for elementary and middle school students. The program aims to inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers.
A Stanford study found that Caucasians who avoid sun exposure have lower blood levels of vitamin D, with a 40% prevalence among all participants increasing to 53% and 56% among those wearing long sleeves and staying in the shade. The use of sunscreen did not significantly affect vitamin D levels due to insufficient application.
Research suggests a link between high blood pressure and reduced ability to recognize emotional faces and texts, potentially causing miscommunication and increased distress in social situations. This 'emotional dampening' can lead to distrust, risk-taking behavior, and worsened mental health conditions.
A four-country study published in the Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing found that verbal intervention was the favoured technique for dealing with aggressive episodes involving young offenders. The research team also recommended continuous education, sufficient resources, and further studies to improve practices.
Researchers have discovered that human skin can begin tanning in seconds after exposure to UV light, using a mechanism similar to the retina's detection of light. This early response provides rapid protection against UV damage and may impact sunscreen design.
Patients with high EGFR expression have a survival advantage when treated with cetuximab plus chemotherapy, living up to 12 months on average. In contrast, those with low EGFR expression show no difference in overall survival.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have developed a new definition for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) to help diagnose patients with suspected PJI. The criteria include sterile sampling, biomarker testing, and histological analysis to identify virulent organisms like Staphylococcus aureus.
Researchers developed a nanomedicine-based tool to target malignant melanoma, which showed promising results in preclinical studies. The system's ability to deliver targeted therapies with high affinity and selectivity holds great potential for improved diagnosis and therapy.
Researchers suggest looking for artificial illumination on distant planets as they orbit their stars, which could provide a measurable signal. This technique relies on the assumption that intelligent life uses Earth-like technologies and could potentially spot alien cities using future generations of telescopes.
A new study published in European Obstetrics & Gynaecology shows that DuoFertility's monitoring and support service can achieve pregnancy rates comparable to IVF for many infertile couples. This viable, non-invasive alternative could save the NHS millions of pounds each year.
A KAIST research team has developed a fully functional flexible non-volatile resistive random access memory (RRAM) that can be randomly accessed, written, and erased on a plastic substrate. This breakthrough overcomes cell-to-cell interference issues by integrating a memristor with high-performance silicon transistors.
A team of scientists using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has discovered a young millisecond pulsar named PSR J1823−3021A, challenging existing theories about its formation. The discovery pushes the total count of detected pulsars to over 100, with NGC 6624 globular cluster contributing significantly.
A study involving 50 secondary school children explored what types of youth services young people want. The research found that providing youth services helps prevent youth crime and has a positive impact on their behavior. Young people were asked to prioritize and distribute limited resources, informing the development of youth centers.
New research suggests that low GABA levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may contribute to impulsive behavior and aggression. The study found a link between lower GABA levels and higher urgency ratings among men with no history of psychiatric disorders or substance dependence.
A study led by Johns Hopkins behavioral neuroscientist Eric Fortune found that the brain prefers cooperative activity over solo ones, as demonstrated in plain-tailed wrens' duet songs. The research has implications for programming autonomous robots and understanding human social behavior.
Scientists have found the first gamma-ray pulsar in a globular cluster, J1823-3021A, which is also the youngest millisecond pulsar discovered to date. Its high luminosity and strong magnetic field challenge current theories on its formation.
A multidisciplinary research program aims to study the origins and pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus, focusing on chronic inflammation and bile acids. The team will develop preventive and therapeutic treatments targeting stem/progenitor cells.
Researchers from the Chinese University of Hong Kong have developed a technique to reprogram stem cells into a more primitive state, increasing their survival rates and therapeutic efficacy. This breakthrough could lead to improved treatment outcomes for conditions such as degenerative diseases and blood supply disorders.
Researchers analyzed genealogies of early pioneers and found they had significantly more children than those who settled within the core of an existing colony. Women on the edge of colonization also showed a 15% higher fertility rate due to earlier marriage, suggesting that fertility can rapidly evolve during range expansion.
A study of 313 spine surgery patients found that more than half had inadequate vitamin D levels. Patients with insufficient vitamin D may benefit from taking supplements before and after surgery to aid in recovery.
A new study identifies PKM2 as a critical enzyme for cancer cell survival under oxidative stress. Researchers found that activating PKM2 can sensitize cancer cells to ROS-induced death, opening up potential therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment. The study suggests that manipulating PKM2 activity could be a way to disrupt tumor growth.
A research team at TUM has developed a sensor system that monitors drivers' vital signs, including heart rate, skin conductance, and oxygen saturation, to prevent fainting spells or heart attacks. The system uses simple sensors in the steering wheel and can initiate measures such as phone call blocking or emergency braking if necessary.
A study published in the journal Pain found that opioid-dependent patients treated with escitalopram experienced significant reductions in pain severity and interference. The findings suggest that antidepressants may be an effective alternative to non-opioid pharmacologic therapies for managing chronic pain in this population.
Researchers have found a novel mechanism by which cancer cells can continue to divide without the help of telomerase, a key enzyme involved in cell aging. The discovery identifies a special protein complex called APBs as a potential target for cancer therapy.
Researchers at Inserm have successfully rejuvenated cells from elderly donors, erasing signs of aging and demonstrating the reversibility of cellular aging. The breakthrough uses a new 'cocktail' of six genetic factors to reprogram senescent cells into functional induced pluripotent stem cells.
A team of researchers measured the bar length of over 5,000 galaxies using amateur astronomers' data from the Galaxy Zoo project. The study reveals that redder galaxies have longer bars and are more likely to display spiral arms.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have developed a nano-tech method to test new medicines in extremely small volumes, allowing for faster and cheaper drug development. The technique uses self-assembling systems made from biological materials, significantly reducing environmental impact.
Researchers found genes associated with mitochondria and respiration are expressed at high levels in naked mole-rats, suggesting mechanisms for longevity and disease resistance. The study's findings provide clues on how the rodent protects itself against oxidative stress and may help understand aging processes.
A new therapy approach targets a self-renewal pathway in embryonic stem cells to eliminate cancer stem cells in pancreatic cancer. In mice with human pancreatic cancer tumors, the combination of Nodal/Activin pathway inhibition and chemotherapy led to 100% survival after 100 days.
A study of over 7,000 patient contacts found that healthcare workers wearing latex gloves were less likely to clean their hands before and after patient contact. The researchers call this phenomenon the 'Dirty Hand in the Latex Glove,' highlighting an opportunity for improved hand hygiene practices when using gloves.
Biologists have identified two critical genes, DSCAM and COL6A2, responsible for congenital heart defects in individuals with Down syndrome. These genes disrupt cardiac development and function when produced at elevated levels. The study used a novel approach combining fruit flies and mice to untangle the problem.
A study using Quebec's BALSAC population database found that families on the edge of migration waves had more children and contributed more to the contemporary population's genetics. This phenomenon, known as 'gene surfing', may explain the elevated frequency of genetic diseases in certain regions.
A vegetarian diet significantly reduced the risk of diabetes in African Americans, who are twice as likely to be diagnosed with diabetes compared to non-Hispanic whites. Regular physical activity also offered protection against type 2 diabetes.
Tiago Branco's research focuses on how single neurons process information from the outside world to generate behaviors. He discovered that dendrites actively filter and transform this information, enabling single neurons to solve complex computational tasks.
A study by Arizona State University experts warns that some payment mechanisms for ecosystem services can be detrimental to the environment. The report highlights the need for carefully designed payment schemes to track changes in publicly owned environmental assets, similar to tracking economic indicators like GDP.
Researchers at VCU Massey Cancer Center have discovered a mechanism by which glioblastoma multiforme promotes neurodegeneration, leading to neuron death. AEG-1, an oncogene overexpressed in brain tumors, inhibits expression of EEAT2, a glutamate transporter, resulting in excitoxicity and excessive glutamate levels.
Earthquakes result in massive death tolls due to trauma, crush injuries, and disruptions to medical services. Many victims succumb to complications, sepsis, or organ failure, while others experience mental health problems like depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Researchers at the University of Kansas are analyzing military policy to develop recommendations that will benefit special-needs families of armed services personnel worldwide. Their goal is to enhance mission readiness, ease redeployment burdens, advance retention, and aid recruitment efforts.
A genome-wide association study has identified the TBL1X gene as a novel candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in males. The study found an association between variations in the TBL1X gene and an increased risk of ASD, with an estimated 15% increase in risk.
Researchers have re-analyzed ancient deciduous teeth from Grotta del Cavallo, Italy, and found they belong to anatomically modern humans. The new study suggests that Homo sapiens arrived in Europe earlier than previously known, with dates ranging from ~43,000-45,000 cal BP.
Combining radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy significantly improves overall survival for men with locally advanced prostate cancer. The study, published in The Lancet, found that patients receiving both treatments had a higher 7-year survival rate compared to those receiving ADT alone.
Researchers found a connection between conscientiousness and good credit scores, as well as a negative correlation between agreeableness and credit scores. However, poor credit scores were not linked to employee theft or deviant work behaviors, contradicting common employer assumptions.
The report highlights the need for Humanities researchers to build and access 'fit-for-purpose' digital Research Infrastructures, addressing issues like funding models, institutional transformations, and coordination. Digital infrastructures offer new ways to explore old questions and develop new ones in Humanities research.