A Mount Sinai study found a significant increase in the rate of 'sarcoid-like' granulomatous pulmonary disease among World Trade Center (WTC) responders compared to pre-9/11 FDNY personnel. The condition was associated with environmental exposures and lung function abnormalities.
Women undergoing gastric band surgery reported significant improvements in urinary function and quality of life, while men experienced worsening erectile function. The study highlights the need for further research into the effects of weight loss surgery on urinary and sexual function.
A team of British scientists are heading to the Antarctic Peninsula to collect rock samples and analyze their mineralogy, geochemistry, and isotopic character to determine how glaciers and ice sheets behaved in past climates. They aim to predict how these natural systems will react in years to come if temperatures continue to rise.
A study found that most primary care physicians and kidney specialists prefer shared care for patients with progressive chronic kidney disease, but their preferences on how and when to collaborate differ. Effective collaboration is crucial in slowing CKD progression or preparing patients for dialysis or transplantation.
Researchers have documented genetic abnormalities in human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, including duplications near pluripotency-associated genes and deletions involving tumor suppressor genes. Frequent genomic monitoring of these cell lines is necessary to ensure their stability and clinical safety.
A UW-Madison team, led by Chris Kucharik and Adena Rissman, is conducting a comprehensive study on the Yahara watershed to understand the links between water systems, land use, climate change, and human activities. The goal is to develop tools for managing water resources in balance with social, economic, and environmental considerations.
A University of Florida study using lice DNA sequencing found that modern humans started wearing clothes around 70,000 years before migrating into colder climates. The research suggests that clothing played a crucial role in human evolution and survival.
Researchers at UT Dallas have developed a novel technology called biscrolling, which enables the production of yarns containing up to 95% unspinnable guest powders and nanofibers. These yarns exhibit remarkable properties, including superconductivity, energy storage, and catalytic activity.
Researchers at UC San Diego found that babies over a year old process words with adult-like brain structures and meanings, challenging previous theories on infant language development. The study used MEG and MRI to map brain activity in infants and confirmed the same left frontotemporal areas activated in adults for word meaning.
Researchers found that global levels of hydroxyl radical, a critical player in atmospheric chemistry, are stable and vary by only a few percent every year. This discovery improves confidence in projecting the future of Earth's atmosphere and reduces concerns about human-caused or natural changes.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University found that regional dialects and slang terms on Twitter can predict the location of tweet authors. The study analyzed over 380,000 tweets and found that users from different regions used distinct words and phrases, such as 'yinz' for Pittsburghers and 'coo' for southern Californians.
Researchers at the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research found that neural stem cells maintain high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to help regulate normal self-renewal and differentiation. The findings may have significant implications for brain repair and abnormal brain development.
A new study shows that protein HRG activates specific immune cells to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. HRG enhances chemotherapy effects and transforms inflammatory cells from promoting to inhibiting tumor growth.
Researchers discover that chromosomal crisis is common in cancer development, causing hundreds of genome fragments and multiple mutations. The phenomenon is particularly common in bone cancers, where the ravaged genome can lead to increased cancer development.
In a sex role reversal, females actively court males after being exposed to cool, dry temperatures as caterpillars. Females raised in cooler conditions live longer lives compared to those mated in the hotter season.
Researchers have discovered that cancer can arise rapidly after a single catastrophic event involving tens to hundreds of genomic rearrangements. This phenomenon, known as chromothripsis, is seen in at least two percent of all cancers and up to 25 percent of bone cancers.
Researchers have created a potential method for detecting Alzheimer's disease with a simple blood test using synthetic molecules. The new technology may lead to blood tests for many important diseases if it proves successful.
A study by the Rakai Health Sciences Program in Uganda found that male circumcision significantly reduced high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in female partners of HIV-negative men. The protection is partial, and safe sex practices remain essential. Circumcision also increased clearance of HPV infections in women.
Leroy Hood's automated DNA sequencer has enabled the rapid sequencing of DNA, transforming genomics and accelerating scientific discovery. The technology has led to numerous breakthroughs in disease research, personalized medicine, and pharmaceutical development.
Researchers identify potential antibody biomarkers for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis using synthetic compounds. Synthetic peptoids capture immunoglobulin antibodies from blood samples with high accuracy.
NARSAD has awarded $12.6 million in new research grants to support innovative brain and behavior research projects. The Young Investigator grants will fund the work of 214 researchers from around the world, including those studying schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, autism, ADHD, and anxiety disorders.
Researchers have discovered that sulphur plays a crucial role in forming gold deposits by enhancing gold solubility. The study's findings could lead to more successful gold exploration and mining practices.
A study found that combined treatments for severe acute pancreatitis are safe and effective in managing the disease, resulting in shorter hospitalizations and fewer radiological procedures. Primary conservative treatment also showed promise in avoiding surgery and improving patient outcomes.
A study published in The American Journal of Pathology found that mice fed a Western-style diet with high fat and cholesterol developed larger, faster-growing tumors and metastasized more easily. The researchers suggest that measuring blood cholesterol levels may be an effective method of screening cancer development.
Scientists observed temperatures of millions of degrees in gas jets, known as spicules, which could contribute to coronal heating. The discovery offers a new framework for understanding the sun's high atmosphere and its role in space weather.
A web-based curriculum was found to be an effective method for teaching and assessing systems-based practice concepts in surgical residents. The study showed a significant improvement in knowledge of health care business concepts and principles, with residents reporting a preference for Web-based learning.
Researchers used synchrotron X-rays to reveal the last meal of ammonites, a group of extinct sea creatures that were distant relatives of squids and octopuses. The findings suggest that ammonites dined on plankton, which may have contributed to their extinction after a massive asteroid impact.
A new study finds that a simple hemoglobin A1c test can identify individuals with pre-diabetes, allowing them to prevent the development of Type 2 diabetes through diet and exercise. By testing 60 million Americans at risk, healthcare costs can be reduced by up to half.
Researchers at the University of Strathclyde are developing a new type of indicator made of 'intelligent plastics' that changes color when food is about to spoil, cutting unnecessary waste by up to 8.3 million tonnes in the UK each year. This technology aims to improve food safety and reduce the economic damage caused by food waste.
Researchers have developed a 3D picture of a herpes virus protein interacting with human cellular machinery, revealing how the virus hijacks cells to spread infection. This discovery provides new insights into the mechanisms of viral replication and opens up possibilities for preventing or treating viral diseases.
Astrophysicists can now obtain accurate answers to the mystery of accelerating universe expansion thanks to a calibrated Pan-STARRS telescope. The telescope's performance was fine-tuned at many individual wavelengths, allowing for consistent information about supernovae.
Researchers at Iowa State University are developing biorenewable polymers capable of healing themselves as they degrade and crack. The technology embeds catalysts and microcapsules containing a liquid healing agent within a composite, releasing the agent to form 3-D polymer chains that fill cracks.
Brain cells need to create links early on in their existence to ensure successful connections across the brain. This is demonstrated through computer analysis of nerve cell connectivity patterns in roundworms, showing that most neurons develop long-distance connections by being physically close together.
Researchers found that sniffing women's emotional tears reduces men's sexual arousal and decreases testosterone levels, but has no impact on emotional responses or empathy. The study uses fMRI scans to reveal brain activity changes in response to tear exposure.
Researchers at NIST have developed a technique to extract individual mitochondria from cells, enabling further study of genetic mutations behind neuromuscular disorders. This breakthrough could lead to a better understanding of mitochondrial-based diseases and potential treatments.
A new study by Professor Ruth Striegel-Moore and team found that Native American (NA) women are more likely to report behavioral symptoms of eating disorders than men. Research also revealed a parallel between NA women and ethnically white women when considering binge eating, purging and eating disorder diagnoses.
Ibn al-Haytham, considered the father of modern optics, developed revolutionary theories on light and vision while imprisoned. His work challenged Aristotle's ancient thought and paved the way for modern physics.
Scientists found that hepatocyte-like cells derived from iPS cells exhibit 80% similar gene expression to those from embryonic stem cells, but less than that of real human liver cells. The study suggests that further adaptation is needed for iPSC-derived hepatocytes to be used in treating liver diseases.
Researchers estimate lifetime risk of rheumatoid arthritis for both sexes using data from the Rochester Epidemiology Project. The study finds that 8.4% of women and 5.1% of men will develop an inflammatory autoimmune disease in their lifetime.
A study found that maternal depression affects the health-related quality of life of children with epilepsy, but this impact is modulated by family resources and functioning. The accumulation of supportive resources for both mothers and children with epilepsy can lead to improved outcomes over time.
Researchers found that communities of similar-looking catfish often comprise multiple species, highlighting the hidden diversity and complexity of neotropical freshwater ecosystems. The discovery has significant implications for environmental conservation, as many rivers are facing large-scale development and habitat destruction.
The IceCube observatory, located in the crystal clear ice of the South Pole, has been completed as a world-first large-scale neutrino telescope. The telescope will investigate the sources and properties of neutrinos, which originate in spectacular phenomena in the universe.
Researchers discover that PML limits cancer cell division, and its absence allows tumors to grow uncontrollably. The presence of PML molecules can be detected, enabling diagnosis of malignant tumors.
Researchers found evidence of oxygen-poor ocean conditions lasting 2-4 million years after the first appearance of animals, suggesting fluctuating oxygen levels may have driven rapid evolutionary turnover during the Cambrian Period. This study provides new insights into how early life evolved and flourished on Earth.
A new study found that physical activity is associated with a lower risk of overall mortality and prostate cancer-specific mortality in men with prostate cancer. Men who did more vigorous activity had the lowest risk of dying from the disease.
Cardiologists at UConn Health Center have identified a protein fragment that can predict heart attack, allowing for earlier diagnosis and potentially life-saving treatment. The discovery could also lead to the development of new therapies to block cell death and preserve heart muscle function.
Researchers discovered interplay between genetic and persistence mechanisms in bacteria, leading to novel effective treatments for multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections. Persistence cells are temporarily hyper-resistant to antibiotics, causing treatment failure and contributing to chronic bacterial infections.
A study finds that community-based co-management is key to sustaining aquatic resources and the livelihoods of communities depending on them. Co-management involves sharing responsibility for resources between governments and users, leading to successful and sustainable fisheries worldwide.
A Scripps Research chemist devised a new method to quantify changes in proteins resulting from stress, which could provide insights into disease progression and treatment. The technique focuses on cysteine S-hydroxylation, allowing researchers to monitor protein modifications at the individual cysteine site.
Scientists in China have created a more eco-friendly and cost-effective way to produce deuterium-depleted drinking water, which may be beneficial for human health. The new technique uses a platinum catalyst to efficiently remove deuterium from water, reducing levels from 150 ppm to 125 ppm.
Researchers create material with sections that independently respond to different temperature stimuli, enabling complex mechanical articulations. The development has numerous applications in industries such as shipping and food storage.
Studded winter tires grind away at road surfaces, generating dust particles linked to inflammation and diseases such as heart disease. Researchers found specific protein changes in cells related to road dust exposure, which could help understand the link between pavement dust and heart disease.
A new study confirms that two doses of the varicella, or chickenpox, vaccine provide excellent protection in children against this highly contagious and, in some cases, severe disease. The study found that the effectiveness of two doses of vaccine was 98.3 percent in protecting against varicella, significantly higher than one dose.
Scientists have identified a protein biomarker that predicts the efficacy of hepatitis C treatment, enabling improved patient management. The discovery of IP-10 as a prognostic biomarker could lead to the development of a diagnostic test to distinguish between effective and ineffective treatments.
Patients transported by helicopter from accident scenes are more likely to survive than those brought to trauma centers by ground ambulance. Despite being more severely injured, they require less hospital resource utilization and ultimately fare better than those transported by ground.
A new MRI technique has been developed that enables full three-dimensional brain scans in less than half a second, significantly reducing the scanning time. This breakthrough, made possible by combining two technical improvements, will have an immediate impact on research institutions worldwide and the Human Connectome Project.
A recent study found that the number of women dying from complications of anesthesia during childbirth has plummeted 59 percent, thanks to better monitoring and medical techniques. The risks associated with general anesthesia have been dramatically reduced, but regional anesthetic-related deaths have slightly increased.
Researchers found a communication intervention effective in reducing ICU stays for chronic patients but less so for surgical and neurological cases. The study highlights the need for tailored approaches to support families making critical decisions for their loved ones.
A study published in Journal of Nutrition found that breastfed adolescents had stronger leg muscles and better performance in horizontal jumping. Prolonged breastfeeding was associated with increased lower body explosive strength during adolescence.
Brain scans show children with ADHD struggle to control brain activity when bored, but perform better with incentives or medication. The study provides insight into the neural mechanisms underlying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).