A new study has identified a link between bullying and substance use in adolescent girls, primarily through the mechanism of depression. The research, based on data from a nationally representative sample of 1,495 tenth graders, found that bullying can have serious consequences for young girls.
A study of rhesus macaque monkeys found that oral contraceptives did not lead to significant weight gain or changes in food intake. In fact, obese monkeys lost weight and reduced body fat due to increased basal metabolic rate.
A U of Alberta researcher is working towards developing a pharmacological target for cholera by understanding the bacteria's mechanism of infection and survival. He has discovered how Vibrio cholerae uses molecular nano-syringes to infect host cells, providing a potential vaccine target.
Researchers use OMX 3D SIM super resolution microscopy to visualize malaria parasite invasion, revealing key molecular and cellular events. This technology may pave the way for developing new treatments for malaria.
A mathematical model for moving bottlenecks in road traffic is proposed, taking into account the influence of a slow-moving vehicle on entire traffic flow. The model improves transportation designs and reduces congestion, accidents, and risk management.
Researchers at Scripps Research and UVa determine the structure of HIV's protein package, also known as the capsid. The detailed description provides a roadmap for developing drugs that can disrupt its formation and prevent infection. The study uses X-ray crystallography to reveal the flexibility and mobility of the capsid's components.
A recent study on bedbugs has identified potential genes associated with pesticide resistance, shedding light on the mechanisms behind their increasing resilience to insecticides. The research may lead to the development of novel control methods that are more effective against these troublesome insects.
A recent study found that married couples and close friends may not communicate as well as they think. The researchers used an experiment to test this idea, finding that accuracy rates for spouses and strangers were statistically identical. Closeness can create the illusion of insight, leading to communication problems.
Scientists have developed a new food packaging material that uses silver nanoparticles to fight bacteria and extend shelf life. The material has been shown to be effective against E. coli and S. aureus, two common causes of bacterial food poisoning.
Researchers have identified a frequently mutated gene, PBRM1, in one in three patients with the most common form of renal cancer. The gene is tied to two previously identified genes on chromosome 3 and plays a role in controlling cell growth and repairing DNA damage.
Researchers have developed a seawater/mineral carbonate gas scrubber that removes up to 97% of CO2, converting it to dissolved calcium bicarbonate. This can help mitigate ocean acidification and its effects on marine life, such as coral reefs.
A study conducted at four US intensive care units found that caregivers who hadn't discussed life support measures with critically ill patients took nearly two weeks longer to make decisions. Patients' loved ones were also more confident as surrogate decision-makers when they perceived high-quality communication with physicians.
Researchers are leveraging a 40-year-old blood test procedure to develop new lifesaving medications, utilizing modern lab instruments for greater sensitivity. The approach reduces sample requirements, storage, and shipping costs, potentially saving millions of dollars in drug development.
A new study found that adult children of divorce are at higher risk of suicidal thoughts, especially men who experienced parental divorce before age 18. Men from divorced families had more than three times the odds of suicidal ideation compared to men from intact families.
The Creating Hope Act offers financial incentives to companies developing drugs for pediatric rare diseases. Pediatric specialists often prescribe adult therapeutics off-label due to limited research on child-specific treatments, leading to concerns about efficacy and safety.
Research suggests that people with HIV are up to three times more likely to experience a stroke than those without the condition. The study found a 67% increase in stroke hospitalizations among people with HIV, despite a decline in overall stroke rates.
A study by Dr. Sharon Straus found that 55% of adult patients do not receive recommended care, highlighting the need for improved knowledge translation in healthcare. Evidence-based approaches, such as delirium prevention strategies, can lower hospitalization rates and improve patient outcomes.
A new reactor converts solar energy into fuels by concentrating sunlight and using cerium oxide to convert carbon dioxide and water. The reactor achieves high rates of CO2 dissociation, demonstrating potential for efficient production of fuels.
A new NIH-funded study aims to identify genetic variations that influence the outcome of stem-cell transplants for blood cancers and predict complications. The research, led by Dr. John Hansen, will analyze data from over 5,000 patients treated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants.
A study published in Psychological Science found that students are more likely to retake the SAT if their score ends with a round number, such as 1290. This phenomenon suggests that people are driven by self-motivation and arbitrary goals, leading them to take major actions like retaking a test.
A special issue of Technology & Innovation explores the history, process, and practice of scientific peer review. Key findings include a need for qualified, independent reviewers, transparent processes, and avoiding conflicts of interest to ensure integrity in federal policy formation.
University of Illinois researchers developed a simple method to create intricate lattice structures using triblock Janus spheres. The innovative material exhibits self-assembly capabilities, enabling the creation of porous sheets with tailored properties for specialized filtering applications.
Researchers from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science deployed an underwater glider in the Ross Sea near Antarctica, collecting data on water temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll concentrations. The glider's continuous sampling allows for a better understanding of short-term physical changes and their impact on ocean biology.
PNNL has developed power-delivery devices to improve trace gas analysis and create propylene glycol from renewable sources. The lab's IncubATRTM technology enables real-time monitoring of live cells, accelerating scientific discovery and reducing animal testing.
The Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan Charity Foundation is granting $150 million to support genetic-analysis based research, diagnosis and treatment of cancer at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
Researchers propose a new adjustable balance mortgage contract that resets the loan balance and monthly payment based on the mortgaged home's market value. This design reduces the economic incentive to default, costing about the same as a typical fixed-rate mortgage.
Researchers found that anaesthetizing an arm impairs the ability to distinguish between right and left hands, leading to false sensations and altered body perception. The study aimed to understand how neuronal circuits are reorganized during anesthesia, which could lead to new therapeutic tools for treating phantom limb pain.
UCSF researchers developed a new approach to examine how cells convert DNA into RNA, bridging a gap in understanding gene expression. The technique enables direct observation of the transcription process at unprecedented resolution, providing insights into gene regulation and function.
A study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases suggests that convalescent plasma therapy may reduce the death rate in patients severely ill with 2009 H1N1 influenza. The treatment showed a 20% mortality rate compared to 55% in non-treated patients, and reduced viral load at a higher rate.
Scientists have developed a stable RNA nanoparticle that can power biological motors and resist enzyme breakdown, paving the way for RNA nanotechnology applications. This innovation could lead to new treatments for cancer, viral, and genetic diseases.
The University of Illinois study found that swine diets can include up to 15% glycerin and achieve comparable performance to a conventional corn:soybean diet. However, the study revealed no effect of feeding glycerin on meat quality. The availability and cost of glycerin may impact its use as a feed ingredient.
A new review highlights the importance of geohistorical data in conservation biology, providing insights into species responses to climate change. Fossil records show that some species persisted in suitable habitats despite range contractions, while others went extinct due to human activities.
A major grant award of £3.3 million has been secured by a Southampton-led consortium project to study past and possible future sea-level rise. The researchers aim to obtain a better picture of how much and how quickly sea level may rise as a result of global warming.
Scientists have made silicon oxide, a long-regarded electric insulator, act like a switch, allowing it to participate in electronic processes that power cell phones and computers. This breakthrough could lead to the development of smaller and more powerful computer chips.
Researchers have developed a single molecule imaging technology called BEAST to map the electromagnetic field inside nano-sized metal hotspots. The results show highly localized fields with exponential shapes that rise steeply to peaks and decay quickly.
The University of Maryland is leading a multidisciplinary project to investigate the complex dynamics between water and the built urban environment in the Chesapeake Bay region. The research aims to simulate land conversion patterns and predict future land development under various policy scenarios.
Researchers found that endothelial cells lining blood vessels secrete molecules suppressing tumor growth and invasion. The discovery could lead to a new way to treat cancer by implanting these cells adjacent to the tumor.
Researchers found that about a third of wild-collected Dictyamoeba are 'farmers' who store bacteria as food and thrive in environments where others struggle to find sustenance. The study's findings suggest potential insights into the development of new treatments for diseases like tuberculosis.
Researchers at Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona have implemented a digital cataloguing system that uses data matrix codes to reduce manual registration errors in archaeological heritage. The system, tested on Spanish and African sites, demonstrates substantial advantages over manual coding in terms of speed and reliability.
Researchers have identified a gene, PBRM1, that is mutated in one in three patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common form of kidney cancer. This discovery provides new insights into the biology of renal cancer and may lead to new therapeutic directions for treatment.
A new survey by the Lemelson-MIT Invention Index reveals that American women and men ages 16-25 possess characteristics necessary to become inventors, yet do not see themselves as inventive. Young adults cite access to funding, education, and mentorship as key factors to encourage inventive pursuits.
Researchers have discovered a new species of giant crayfish, Barbicambarus simmonsi, in Tennessee and Alabama, which is at least twice the size of its closest relative. The species was found under rocks in a creek and has distinctive 'bearded' antennae with setae that enhance sensory function.
Researchers found that leukemia cells composed of multiple families of genetically distinct cells exist, leading to a re-evaluation of cancer progression and treatment strategies. The study's findings have positive implications for tailoring therapies to individual patients.
A recent study published in Oikos found that female birds' fertility declines less quickly when they mate with healthier, more experienced males who became first-time fathers at a younger age. This suggests that male partners play a role in how fast females pass their prime.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab coaxed polymers to braid themselves into complex structures, mimicking biological materials' hierarchy and precision. The findings could lead to new applications in drug delivery, molecular sensing, and more.
The Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network has expanded to 17 leading children's hospitals and academic medical centers in the US and Canada. The network provides comprehensive and multidisciplinary care models for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders, supported by evidence-based research and practice.
Researchers found a significant rise in stroke diagnoses among HIV-infected patients between 1997 and 2006, with ischemic strokes being the primary cause. The study suggests that HAART therapy may be linked to an increased risk of stroke due to metabolic complications, highlighting the need for further research.
A new study published in JBJS shows that internet-based postoperative rehabilitation (telerehabilitation) is a viable treatment option for patients undergoing knee replacement surgery. Telerehabilitation allows patients to receive rehab services from the comfort of their own homes, achieving outcomes comparable to traditional rehab.
A two-year longitudinal study of Singapore youths found approximately 9% of gamers to be pathological players, associated with depression, anxiety, and social phobias. The study concludes that video game addiction is a serious behavioral problem separate from other afflictions.
A study by North Carolina State University aims to evaluate the role of legume cover crops in sucking carbon out of the air and sequestering it in the soil. The research will also examine different methods of killing cover crops before planting cash crops and their effect on soil carbon levels.
Researchers at the University of Missouri are calling for reform of teacher retirement benefit systems due to huge unfunded pension liabilities. The systems have important effects on school staffing and finance, with some estimates suggesting unfunded liabilities of one trillion dollars or more.
A recent study found that adhering to current guidelines for treating intensive-care unit patients with multi-drug resistant pneumonia may result in higher mortality rates. The authors suggest re-assessing the guidelines due to a lack of evidence supporting triple antibiotic therapy.
Researchers discovered that IDH mutation leads to a metabolic battle between molecules ?-KG and 2-HG, contributing to cancer development. Bolstering ?-KG production could offer a new treatment option for patients with the mutation, which affects 75% of people with low-grade brain tumors and 20% of those with acute myeloid leukemia.
A recent study suggests that European seasonal temperatures have been affected by volcanic eruptions, solar activity, and greenhouse gas emissions since the 17th century. The research team used climate models and historical data to reconstruct past climate scenarios, providing valuable insights into the dynamics of climate change.
The EurocanPlatform project aims to find more effective ways to prevent, detect and treat cancer. By combining resources and expertise, researchers hope to identify patients at risk for cancer and adapt therapies to individual circumstances.
Researchers used music compression algorithms to study brain response to complex and simple sounds. They found that enduring musical masterpieces tend to have high compressibility, suggesting our brains respond to simple patterns. This theory may lead composers to create music with simpler data structures for greater appeal.
A team of researchers has made a discovery about how the Ras oncogene chooses a signaling pathway and its consequences in cellular development, a key issue in cancer. The study used a common roundworm, C. elegans, to identify the critical events leading to pancreatic cancer.
Researchers have isolated a key hormone that allows the Phytophthora fungi to reproduce and developed a synthetic version of this hormone. This breakthrough could lead to an effective method to combat this ancient scourge, which has caused devastating potato crop failures and food shortages globally.
Researchers found that hydrolyzed wheat flour baked goods are not toxic to celiac disease patients, with some even developing subtotal atrophy without clinical complaints. The study suggests further research on therapies to reduce gluten toxicity beyond the standard gluten-free diet.
A Wayne State University study successfully classified over three-quarters of healthy older adults at risk for cognitive decline within 18 months. The combination of a genetic blood test and a five-minute functional MRI proved to be the most effective predictor.
Bilingual toddlers as young as 24 months exhibit comparable vocabulary in both languages and show cognitive advantages over unilingual peers. This early bilingual advantage is likely due to infants' experience with two languages, providing a competitive edge in executive functioning.
Researchers developed a computer algorithm that analyzes viewing angle and illumination to generate a 3D view of a face from a 2D image. This technology can be used for identity management, information protection, and homeland security, reducing false identification.
A new mathematical model explores the emergence and collapse of complex societies via warfare, revealing that stability is strongly promoted by wealth, power, and well-defined succession mechanisms. The model also predicts 'chiefly cycles' of rapid growth and collapse due to warfare, which can occur without environmental disturbances.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have discovered a family of small molecules that bind to the Ebola virus's outer protein coat and inhibit its entry into human cells. The findings demonstrate a potential breakthrough in preventing Ebola infection, with further studies planned to confirm efficacy.
Research published in BMC Evolutionary Biology shows that polygamous mice produce more fertile offspring due to increased sperm competitiveness. After 12 generations of competitive selection, polygamous males outperformed monogamous males in both paternity and fertility rates.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine reveals that most untreated plaques causing unexpected heart attacks have large plaque burdens or small lumen areas, making them detectable by grayscale IVUS. The use of combination imaging modalities improves the ability to predict future adverse events.
The hospital has established a Diagnostic, Clinical & Research Center for Autism to support clinical and translational research. Participation in the ATN will enable them to engage in cutting-edge clinical and translational research.
A recent study suggests that damaged alpha-synuclein proteins can spread between cells in a 'prion-like' manner, contributing to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. This cell-to-cell transfer mechanism may play a significant role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
A quality improvement intervention improved the adoption of evidence-based care practices in intensive care units, with greatest gains in catheter-related bloodstream infection prevention and ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention. The study's findings suggest that collaborative networks can help community hospitals improve ICU out...