A new study suggests that a small hippocampus is more likely an effect of depression rather than a cause. Researchers found that individuals with depression declined in volume over time, but those with smaller hippocampus were not at higher risk to develop depression.
A recent study suggests that seven potentially modifiable risk factors, including smoking and physical inactivity, contribute to an estimated half of all Alzheimer's disease cases worldwide. By reducing these risk factors by 25%, up to 3 million cases of AD could be prevented globally.
Researchers found that stress testing with MPI was unnecessary for most patients undergoing pre-operative workup for bariatric surgery. The incidence of abnormal findings on MPI was only 5%, and perioperative cardiovascular events were extremely low despite high risk factors for coronary artery disease.
Researchers found that holding a memory of a visual event can 'contaminate' visual perception, leading to exaggerated misperceptions. The study used a visual illusion to demonstrate this effect, showing participants reported more dramatic changes in motion direction than actually existed.
Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have found a complex molecular relationship between ERK and CHK2 proteins, which could lead to new treatments for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The study showed that inhibiting both proteins simultaneously killed more cancer cells than treating them separately.
A large clinical trial in Latin America found a standard three-drug regimen for treating H. pylori more effective than four-drug regimens in Europe and Asia. The study, published in The Lancet, suggests that geographic variations in H. pylori resistance to antibiotics may account for the discrepancy.
Researchers at NIST have created a measurement technique that determines mechanical properties of near-nanoscale films, enabling better design for water purification systems. The study reveals chlorine causes progressive deterioration in membrane performance over time, contradicting previous assumptions.
Mamie Moy, a 56-year University of Houston professor, received the American Chemical Society's Award for Encouraging Women into Careers in the Chemical Sciences. The award recognizes her dedication to promoting diversity and encouraging girls and women to pursue careers in chemical sciences.
A new study found that people associate small numbers with short time intervals and large numbers with longer intervals, indicating a brain-wide connection. This association affects how individuals perceive time, with larger numbers leading to slower time perception.
Researchers stress need for long-term response to AIDS, citing financing, retention, and socio-political instability as major challenges. Social scientists urged to take part in policy-making table.
Researchers advocate for expanded EHR use to address medical errors and improve care quality. Implementing Joint Commission's 2011 National Patient Safety Goals into EHR criteria can help fast-track the use of EHRs for patient safety.
A study in JAMA found that stress cardiomyopathy (SC) affects postmenopausal women primarily, but also younger patients, men, and those without an identifiable stressful trigger. CMR imaging identified specific criteria for diagnosis, which showed complete normalization of LV function after follow-up imaging.
The latest evidence-based vascular medicine provides comprehensive guidance on managing noncardiac vascular diseases, including PAD, carotid stenosis, renal artery stenosis, chronic mesenteric ischemia, and critical limb ischemia. The series of articles offers expert clinicians the tools they need to improve patient care.
A study published in Archives of Dermatology found that physician-detected melanomas are thinner and more often detected in the early stage compared to patient-detected lesions. Physician-based screening was associated with a higher overall patient-detection rate, with most lesions found by patients due to changes in appearance.
A study found that married men seek medical care sooner for heart attacks than their single counterparts. Men in marriage experience faster arrival times at the emergency department, highlighting potential benefits of marriage on health outcomes.
Researchers have been awarded grants to develop innovative therapies for pulmonary fibrosis, autoimmune disease, cancer, and arthritis. The projects include a joint aspirate facilitator device and novel compounds for Pseudomonas biofilm disruption.
A retrospective cohort study examines the relationship between HLA-DR mismatching and rejection in pediatric kidney transplant patients. The study found that patients with 1- or 2-HLA-DRB1 mismatches had a 70% increased risk of allograft rejection, while those with a history of rejection had a 7.7 times greater odds of graft failure.
A study published in Clinical Cancer Research found that trastuzumab, chemotherapy, and surgery significantly improved overall survival in HER2-positive breast and brain cancer patients. Treatment with these therapies led to improved survival rates of up to 20 months for those with central nervous system metastases.
According to a recent VHA report, the rate of adverse events and wrong-site surgery has decreased significantly since 2006. The study attributes this decline to improvements in safety measures and team training, resulting in a 14% annual reduction in 'highest harm' adverse events.
The Hastings Center will use the grant to develop educational resources on ethical issues in biomedical research, including alternatives to animal models. The project aims to promote nuanced thinking on animal welfare and medical progress.
Researchers are studying the health of West Highland White Terriers (Westies) for insights into inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Legg-Calve Perthes Disease (LCPD). They have identified biomarkers for diagnosing canine IBD and found similarities between dog intestinal populations and human IBD.
Researchers found abnormal tau tangles and amyloid-beta plaques in survivors years after a single TBI, suggesting a potential link between the two conditions. The study suggests that a single TBI may initiate long-term neurodegenerative processes, offering new insights into the development of Alzheimer's disease.
The HPTN 052 study found that early initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) significantly reduces the risk of HIV transmission to uninfected partners, with a 96% reduction in transmissions. Early cART also benefits the infected individual by maintaining higher CD4 counts and reducing HIV-related illnesses or death.
Scientists at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory have discovered a protein complex called condensin that keeps chromosome arms folded and easy to transport. This discovery may lead to a better understanding of how chromosomes are organized during cell division, with implications for our own cells' ability to divide properly.
A new study reveals that small-scale fisheries in Peru are capturing tens of thousands of turtles from across the Pacific. The researchers found that thousands of sea turtles are likely to be caught annually while foraging in Peru's waters, often resulting in injuries from becoming tangled in fishing gear.
Researchers at UCLA found that the suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN, begins to decline in rhythmic neural activity by middle age. This decline may contribute to difficulties with sleep, adjusting to time changes, and performing shift-work in older adults.
A University at Buffalo study found that quantum dots degrade in soil, releasing toxic cadmium and selenium ions. The researchers suggest that modifying the chemistry of nanomaterials could prevent degradation and mitigate environmental impacts.
A new study by UC San Diego researchers found that solar photovoltaic panels can cool buildings by up to 5 degrees Fahrenheit, reducing cooling costs by 5% over the panels' lifetime.
A new approach to growing graphene reduces problems plaguing researchers, clearing a path for sophisticated electronic devices. Hydrogen controls the graphene grain shape and size, enabling the creation of well-defined graphene grains with perfect hexagonal shapes.
The University of Tennessee is part of a $800 million NASA mission to collect samples from asteroid 1999 RQ36, which may hold clues to the origin of life. The mission aims to investigate organic molecules and water on the asteroid, potentially hazardous to Earth.
A research team led by WHOI has determined the chemical makeup of a deep hydrocarbon-containing plume in the Gulf of Mexico, shedding light on its composition and potential effects on ocean life. The study found that the plume contained high concentrations of BTEX compounds, which can be toxic to aquatic organisms.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have identified a genetic basis for muscle endurance in animal study. The study found that mice lacking a specific gene exhibit increased endurance and fatigue resistance, similar to elite athletes.
Researchers discovered a new class of anti-cancer agent, BH3 mimetics, that target Bcl-2 proteins in cancer cells. Combining these agents with chemotherapy shows improved tumour response and survival rates for aggressive breast cancers.
Researchers report successful outcomes from a surgical procedure to treat chronic neck stiffness and involuntary movement. The study found that removing part of the platysma muscle significantly improved patients' overall quality of life and reduced neck tension.
Researchers found that testing for Lynch Syndrome in all colorectal cancer patients is cost-effective and can help identify families at risk. Antiretroviral therapy also increased life expectancy for HIV patients in Africa to nearly normal levels, with men showing lower survival rates than women. In contrast, low health literacy was li...
A survey of 733 medical students found that nearly half believe doctors should object to certain procedures, such as abortions and intimate examinations. Muslim students were more likely to express this view, while Jewish students were less likely.
A 20-year study on Quebec newborns suggests that an apparent increase in congenital hypothyroidism is entirely artifactual, attributed to changes in screening methods. The results show that the number of detected cases would have remained stable if the screening threshold had been unchanged.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital identified Tsc1 as a key regulator of the immune system, maintaining a balanced immune response by inhibiting effector T cells and naïve T cells. Loss of Tsc1 leads to premature activation and depletion of immune cells, compromising bacterial infection resistance.
Researchers have identified a protein called MYLIP as a potential new target for lowering LDL cholesterol levels, which are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Additionally, platinum-based drugs have been found to promote anticancer immune responses by disrupting the mechanisms used by tumors to inhibit immune cells.
A new procedure called InterStim Therapy uses electrical impulses to stimulate the sacral nerve and improve muscle function, reducing or eliminating bowel incontinence in 80% of patients. This minimally invasive treatment offers a long-term solution for patients seeking relief from the debilitating symptoms of fecal incontinence.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute developed a graphene coating that harvests energy from flowing water, powering tiny sensors used to detect underground oil and gas. The technology enables cost-efficient oil exploration and could lead to autonomous microscale sensors for various applications.
Scientists have observed three stages of bioelectric activity that shape the developing face, including a wave of hyperpolarization that marks eye formation and gene expression domains. Disrupting this signaling can lead to craniofacial abnormalities.
Penn State researchers found that hospitals focusing on improving operational efficiency can achieve better patient satisfaction scores without increasing spending. A balanced value equation is key to driving better performers.
Researchers discovered that chloroquine represses inflammation by activating glucocorticoid signaling, providing a blueprint for new strategies to treat autoimmune diseases. Lysosomal functioning also plays a role in regulating glucocorticoid signaling.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found at least 70 genetic mutations involved in the formation of colon cancer, surpassing previous estimates. This new understanding could lead to more effective treatments targeting multiple genes and pathways simultaneously.
The MIT model takes basic meteorological data and computes how tall a tree is likely to grow under those conditions. The team's results have been published in PLoS One and match up well with actual measurements from the US Forest Service, except for two geographic regions: the arid Southwest and parts of New England.
Researchers at Whitehead Institute have identified a protein called phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) that is crucial for the growth of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells. PHGDH is overexpressed in approximately 70% of ER-negative breast cancer patients, making it a promising target for drug development.
Pomalidomide increases production of fetal hemoglobin, boosting red blood cells in patients with sickle cell disease. Unlike hydroxyurea, pomalidomide preserves bone marrow function without suppressing it.
A randomized controlled clinical trial found that soy and milk protein supplements lowered systolic blood pressure in adults with pre-hypertension and stage-1 high blood pressure. The study suggests replacing refined carbohydrates with foods or drinks high in soy or milk protein may help prevent and treat high blood pressure.
A new study by MIT researchers reveals that low-information voters are most influenced by candidate appearances, with the effect being stronger among those who watch a lot of television. The study found a nearly 5% increase in votes for candidates with a 10-point advantage in appearance ratings among uninformed voters.
Despite genomics' promise in treating cancer and cardiovascular disease, personalized medicine's complexities limit tailored interventions. The authors advocate for a more holistic approach focusing on the person as a whole, rather than abstract scientific manipulations.
A five-year NIH grant will fund research at the Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center to develop a safe and effective HIV vaccine. The goal is to understand how to prevent early stages of mucosal infection from simian immunodeficiency virus, a key step in developing an effective HIV vaccine.
Bacteria utilize type IV pili, or TFP, to achieve twitching motility, enabling them to 'slingshot' on surfaces with high efficiency. This unique ability helps the bacteria navigate complex surface conditions and move through polysaccharide-rich environments with ease.
Researchers call for integrated strategies to prevent HIV infection, building on progress in vaccine research and the development of a vaginal gel. A combination of biomedical and non-biomedical approaches is seen as crucial to address the evolving landscape of HIV prevention.
A University of Guelph study shows that new employees who undergo structured on-boarding processes are more likely to be engaged and committed to their job. The study found that personalized engagement is key to a new employee's commitment and performance.
Scientists at USC have proven that oncogenes can convert normal cells into stem-like cells, leading to a new approach in treating diseases with stem cell therapy. The study successfully converted human skin cells into brain cells by suppressing p53, suggesting it determines cell fate rather than only cancer outcome.
DNDi has launched a new programme to develop paediatric HIV treatments, focusing on improving dosing, tolerability and affordability. The initiative aims to fill the unmet treatment gap for millions of children with HIV/AIDS in low- and middle-income countries.
Researchers have identified how the SorCS1 gene controls amyloid-beta generation in the brain, contributing to both Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. The study reveals that SorCS1 regulates the movement of amyloid precursor protein (APP) within cells.
Researchers at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center have found that mesenchymal stem cells, normally used for wound healing, are recruited by cancer stem cells to fuel ovarian cancer growth. By blocking this process with a protein called BMP2, researchers may have discovered a potential therapy for ovarian cancer.
The Rome Statement for an HIV Cure aims to accelerate HIV cure research by building a global consensus on the state of HIV reservoirs and defining scientific priorities. The strategy recognizes the importance of developing a safe, accessible, and scalable HIV cure as a therapeutic and preventive strategy against HIV infection.