Researchers developed a high-resolution imaging technology called microOCT that can reveal cellular and subcellular features of coronary artery disease. The study shows detailed images of endothelial cells, inflammatory cells, smooth muscle cells, fibrin proteins, and platelets involved in clot formation.
Scientists at Columbia University have engineered optical nanostructures to fully control light dispersion and propagate light without accumulating phase. This breakthrough enables self-focusing light beams, highly directive antennas, and potentially cloaking objects.
Patients who showed motion limitations after surgery were more likely to develop arthritic changes in the knee. Rehabilitation emphasizing full motion was found to have more favorable results on x-rays compared to those who lost motion.
A study by Columbia Business School researchers demonstrates 'complicating choice' – the process where decision-makers increase effort for unimportant attributes. This phenomenon is driven by the 'effort compatibility principle', which aims to match expected effort with perceived effort.
A multi-institutional study published in Nature reveals the genetic overview of ovarian cancer, showing mutations in one gene and frequent structural changes that contribute to its development. The findings could lead to better treatments for this aggressive form of cancer.
A $1 million University of Nevada, Reno project is providing a catalogue of favorable structural elements and models for geothermal systems to enhance exploration methodologies and reduce the risk of drilling nonproductive wells. The research aims to identify potential geothermal sites in the Great Basin with 3-D imaging.
Research at the University of Strathclyde found that seabed-living fish in the Firth of Clyde have reached their highest level since 1927. Most fish caught are too small to be landed due to changes in species composition and size.
Researchers at Cleveland Clinic have identified a molecular pathway that promotes brain tumor growth in malignant glioma. The study found that existing medications block this pathway and delay tumor growth in animal models, suggesting a potential new treatment option.
Researchers have found that plasticity genes in the brain activate more easily when building on existing knowledge, making it easier to learn about familiar topics. This paradoxical effect may help explain how professionals acquire their knowledge gradually over time.
Researchers found that genetic mutations cause rare human diseases by disrupting a protein called Tectonic1, which forms a crucial collar around the base of cilia. This discovery provides new targets for diagnostics and treatments.
A study of 1,460 male and female basketball players found that lace-up ankle braces significantly reduced acute ankle injuries by more than three times. The use of braces was effective for both experienced and inexperienced athletes, suggesting a viable option for injury prevention.
A study from Rice University and Italy's Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute has shed light on the biochemical workings of atlastin, a protein linked to HSP. The research suggests that atlastin plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of long nerve cells affected by HSP.
The NOSCAR study compares NOTES cholecystectomy to conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy, with approximately 200 patients enrolled. Covidien's funding supports the development of this minimally invasive technique, aiming to improve patient outcomes and reduce hospital stays.
A team of scientists identified the MB-V2 nerve cells as crucial for recalling associative memories in fruit flies. The study showed that these cells receive information from the mushroom body and relay it to other nerve cells, enabling memory 'read-out' and guiding behavior.
Researchers found a significant association between indoor air pollution and increased blood pressure among older women. Exposure to small-particle air pollution can cause premature death and lung disease, while cleaner fuels and stoves could cut cardiovascular risk by up to 22%.
A study found that children's personalities are linked to their chemical response to stress, with different patterns of hormone production associated with advantages and disadvantages in navigating threatening environments. Doves were more vigilant but prone to anxiety, while hawks were bolder but riskier.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center discovered that specific brain areas orchestrate competition between memories and that transcranial magnetic stimulation can preserve memory by targeting these areas. By applying TMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and primary motor cortex, both memories remained intact.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have demonstrated direct conversion of a non-heart cell type into a heart cell by RNA transfer. This breakthrough approach, called Transcriptome Induced Phenotype Remodeling (TIPeR), offers potential for cell-based therapy for cardiovascular diseases and personalized scre...
A new study published in Arthritis & Rheumatism found that male smokers had a lower risk of undergoing total joint replacement surgery compared to non-smokers. High body mass index (BMI) and vigorous physical activity were also linked to an increased risk of arthroplasty in men, particularly those over 70 years old.
A new mathematical model predicts the location of mutations that lead to HIV-drug resistance, providing a potential solution to improve anti-HIV drug design. The study suggests that understanding these physical properties and interactions can help develop better strategies for combating the virus.
Researchers at MDC discover that a lack of laminin-332 causes tactile stimuli to be perceived as painful, leading to increased sensitivity and branching of sensory neurons. The findings provide new insights into the disease's mechanisms and potential drug targets for therapy.
The Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi) has launched a new research project to develop a macrofilaricidal drug candidate, flubendazole, to treat co-infection of filarial diseases. The project aims to assess the safety profile and reformulate the drug to reduce treatment cycles from 12 years to 2-3 years.
Michigan State University researchers are reformulating a decades-old drug to combat two debilitating tropical diseases. The goal is to develop a safe and effective treatment for filarial diseases, which affect millions worldwide. With clinical trials expected to begin in about two years, the team hopes to bring hope to those affected ...
Researchers found that neurons can prefer multiple signals simultaneously and choose based on competing signals. This discovery could lead to more efficient brain implant design for treating neurological disorders.
Researchers found that vitamin D injections improved the removal of amyloid beta from the brain of mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for preventing Alzheimer's disease. Transporter proteins at the blood CSF barrier also play a crucial role in removing amyloid beta from the brain.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab observed structural transformations within a single copper sulfide nanocrystal, revealing dynamics influenced by defects. The study provides new insights into phase transitions and their relevance to battery performance and solar energy harvesting.
Researchers led by Virginia Tech biochemist Bob White are studying Methanocaldococcus jannaschii to understand the origin of life. They have found that this ancient organism uses a primitive metabolic process, which could help unravel the mystery of how life first emerged on Earth.
A study of 256 patients found that younger patients with grafts less than 8mm were more likely to require future revision surgery. The researchers hope to improve ACL reconstruction outcomes for young athletes, particularly those who engage in high-activity sports.
Human stem cells can be directed to specific cell types through molecular cues, enabling more efficient tissue regeneration. Researchers found that pluripotent stem cells have unique 'suitcases' for different destinations, increasing specialized cell production.
Researchers found that establishing a baseline for each youth athlete is critical for accurate concussion assessment. A study of 1,134 adolescent athletes showed variability in results and significant differences between males and females.
The Parkinson's Disease Foundation has awarded over $1 million to 11 innovative researcher-initiated projects focused on understanding the cause and finding a cure for Parkinson's. These projects range from basic science investigations to potential new therapies, including studies of norepinephrine's role in the disease.
A team of researchers led by Professor Karl-Peter Hopfner has clarified the structure and function of Mot1, a Swi2/Snf2 remodeler that regulates gene expression by removing TBP from DNA. This process enables genes to be transcribed into messenger RNA.
A new study from Queen Mary University of London found that genetic traits contribute to female sexual orientation and gender nonconformity, with 25% influence on sexual orientation and 31% on childhood gender nonconformity.
A study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco found that developing countries suffer more deaths and disability from stroke than heart disease. The analysis linked the two diseases to national income, with higher mortality rates for stroke in poorer nations.
Astronomers detect cosmic dust from a supernovae using Herschel Space Observatory, confirming the theory that these explosions create dust. The study reveals a large amount of cold dust formed during the explosion, which could explain the origin of dust in galaxies.
Researchers at Scripps Research and Crucell have discovered an antibody that can neutralize a range of human-affecting flu viruses in lab-dish tests and in mice, including H3 and H7 subtypes. The new antibody has the potential to protect people against most influenza viruses, and could lead to a universal flu vaccine.
A Czech University of Life Sciences team identified four new species of jewel beetles from local people in Southeast Asia. The discovery expands the genus Philanthaxia to 65 known species, emphasizing the need for biodiversity inventory and conservation efforts.
Researchers have discovered an enzyme in glioblastoma stem cells that allows them to grow and seed tumors. Unlike normal stem cells, these enzymes are not shared, making them a potential target for therapy. The study found that inhibiting this pathway slows the growth of brain tumors in mice, offering hope for improved treatment options.
Researchers investigated biological motion perception in a new study, finding that local motion cues are essential for direction discrimination. The visual system uses these cues to infer global structure and detect living beings, independent of shape or size.
A University of Missouri researcher found that certain protective factors foster resilience in women who witnessed domestic violence as children. Mothers who work full-time model a strong work ethic, independence, and competence, increasing their daughters' recovery from abuse. The study also identified risk factors for PTSD, including...
The LSUHSC is conducting a five-year study on the health consequences of oil exposure in women and their families. The study aims to monitor physical, behavioral, social, and mental health effects over time.
A recent study published in Science has discovered that the majority of scar cells in spinal cord injuries are derived from pericytes, not glial cells. This finding suggests that modulating pericyte activity could potentially stimulate functional recovery after CNS damage.
A new study found large state disparities in progress against colorectal cancer, with the Northeast making significant gains while Southern states lagged behind. The study suggests that improving screening rates through targeted initiatives could help reduce the burden of CRC in these states.
A new study by Brown University finds that minorities are gaining access to nursing home care, but often due to lack of alternative options. The research suggests a racial disparity in elder care, with whites more likely to use desirable alternatives.
A new study published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology found that endosonography followed by surgical staging significantly improved the quality of life for lung cancer patients. The study, which compared two strategies for mediastinal staging, showed no significant difference in costs between the two approaches.
The TEMLA procedure demonstrated a higher diagnostic yield than EBUS and EUS in detecting cancer in primary staging, with a sensitivity of 98.6% compared to 88.9% for EBUS/EUS. Additionally, TEMLA showed superior performance in restaging procedures, with a sensitivity of 95.5% and specificity of 100%.
Scientists with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) are identifying factors that influence pesticide levels in the Chesapeake Bay airshed. The study found that nearly all air samples contained lindane and chlordane products, with highest concentrations at dieldrin and DDE.
Researchers found that one-to-one therapy sessions to teach pelvic floor exercises were no more effective in managing urinary incontinence after prostate surgery than standard care. In fact, the intervention resulted in higher costs per patient without a significant impact on quality of life.
Researchers will examine the safety of Gulf seafood and the long-term health effects on those who consume it, working closely with community groups. The study aims to measure petrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fish and seafood.
Research suggests that adding an inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) to the anticoagulant medication fondaparinux does not improve treatment outcomes for cancer patients with blood clots. In fact, median survival was shorter and VTE resolution rates were lower in patients who received both treatments.
The article reports that suicide rates in most European countries increased between 2007 and 2009, while road traffic fatalities decreased due to lower car use. Only Austria showed a decline in suicides, while Finland experienced an unexpected increase despite having strong social protection systems.
The study highlights the urgent need for effective management of tuna and billfish populations. Five species of tuna are in the threatened or Near Threatened categories, while three billfish species are also at risk.
A University of Oregon-led team has identified oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) as the cellular origin of malignant glioma, a deadly human brain cancer. The discovery was made possible by a genetic mosaic technique that allowed researchers to pinpoint the point of origin for tumor development.
Scientists have developed a technique to capture and convert ambient electromagnetic energy into usable power, which can be used to operate wireless sensors and microprocessors. The technology has the potential to provide a new source of energy for various applications, including airport security and industrial monitoring.
Researchers at Salk Institute use genetically embedded tools to study neural stem cell differentiation and protein activity in brain cells. The technique, described in a recent study, may aid in the development of regenerative medicine and help scientists understand the mysteries of stem cells.
Researchers analyzed U-Pb-Hf characterization of the central Coast Mountains batholith, finding spatial and temporal trends in petrogenesis. They also discovered no correlation between Anderson Reservoir stage level and underlying Calaveras fault seismicity, despite calculated differential stress increases.
Clinical trials show half-matched bone marrow or cord blood transplants have comparable survival rates and lower relapse rates compared to fully matched donors. This advancement in transplant technology may increase access to life-saving treatments for leukemia and lymphoma patients worldwide.
A team of scientists has discovered that the female ancestor of all living polar bears was a brown bear that lived in Britain and Ireland during the last ice age. This hybridization event likely occurred due to climate changes affecting the North Atlantic ice sheet, leading to periods of overlap in bear habitats.
The NIH has awarded $17 million to the lab of Dr. Robert Sackstein at Brigham and Women's Hospital to investigate glycobiology, a discipline studying sugar modifications in biologic processes. The award aims to advance understanding of how sugars direct cell interactions, movement, and growth.
Companies that use pink ribbons and support breast cancer research but permit the use of carcinogenic chemicals are committing a form of social injustice, argue authors. The practice of pinkwashing increases profits while potentially contributing to higher cancer rates.