Researchers at Hebrew University identified the molecular basis for DNA breakage, a key feature of cancer development. The study sheds light on how DNA replication stress leads to breaks, providing new insights into cancer development and potential therapeutic approaches.
A study by Spanish researchers found that spur-thighed tortoises in Mediterranean environments can withstand fires if they occur every 30 years. However, young tortoises are more susceptible to fire and disappear after each fire due to their limited shell development.
A study of 40 fast-food and sit-down restaurants found that overall stated calories were accurate, but individual foods had significant inaccuracies. Foods with lower calorie contents were often understated, while those with higher calorie contents were overstated.
A new study reveals that measurable amounts of mercury emitted by coal-fired power plants are deposited in local soil, contaminating regional watersheds and affecting fish populations. The research found hot spots of mercury contamination tied to specific power plants, highlighting the need for better energy production choices.
Scientists at Delft University of Technology are developing a new toilet facility that uses microwave technology to transform human waste into electricity. The process involves drying, gasifying, and generating syngas, which is then fed to a fuel cell stack for electricity production.
A study published in the Journal of Adolescent Health found that teenagers with high positive well-being had reduced risk of engaging in unhealthy behaviors and reported excellent health in young adulthood. Positive psychological characteristics during adolescence are linked to improved long-term health outcomes.
Two studies found that engaging in regular physical activity is linked to less decline in cognitive function in older adults. The studies used objective measures of energy expenditure to analyze data and found a significant association between physical activity and lower rates of cognitive impairment.
The resource center offers core competencies, a mentoring program, and a library with over 400 documents to support effective jail administrators. Key findings include the development of 22 core competencies and a mentoring program to groom experienced leaders and recruit new employees.
A meta-analysis by McMaster researcher Paul Andrews found that patients who have used anti-depressant medications can be nearly twice as susceptible to future episodes of major depression. The study suggests that people who have not been taking any medication are at a 25 per cent risk of relapse, compared to 42 per cent or higher for t...
A new set of guidelines addresses how to manage emergency situations with minimal equipment in an African context. The guidelines can be used by individuals and organizations involved in first aid training programs in Africa.
A new study by Tufts University researchers found that 19% of restaurant food samples contained at least 100 calories more than listed. Lower-calorie foods purchased in sit-down restaurants also tended to have more calories than stated.
The new journal MycoKeys offers a linked environment for publishing and disseminating information on fungi and lichens. It provides mandatory registration of new taxa in MycoBank and automated cross-linking with major biodiversity platforms.
Recent botanical exploration efforts in the Marquesas Islands have yielded 62 new species, including 18 newly described ferns and flowering plants. The discoveries bring the total native species to 360 and provide critical information for conservation.
Researchers at Michigan State University discovered that male songbirds use scent to attract both female and male mates through the 'Axe effect'. Female birds preferred the odor of smaller males, while larger males overcompensate with greater amounts of an attractive scent.
Scientists uncover ancient fossils of Coxoplectoptera, an insect order that defies classification, offering clues to the evolution of wings and lifestyle. The discovery presents a new hypothesis on the development of insect wings, suggesting they originated from thoracic backplates.
The International AIDS Society will launch a Virtual Knowledge Centre to improve knowledge and strengthened operations research capacity for HIV/OST programmes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The centre aims to create an increased Russian-language evidence base around OST, harm reduction, and HIV.
Tropical Storm Dora has strengthened to near-hurricane strength, expected to bring life-threatening surf and rip currents to southern Mexico. Cloud top temperatures have dropped significantly, indicating increasing convection and thunderstorm activity.
Researchers found that temporarily suppressing ovarian function with triptorelin reduced the occurrence of early menopause induced by chemotherapy among premenopausal women with breast cancer. The treatment resulted in a 17% lower rate of early menopause compared to chemotherapy alone.
Researchers create 'excitable' cells by introducing specific ion channels, enabling electrical communication between cells. The modified cells can restore large electrical gaps in heart tissue and have potential applications in treating diseases of the nervous system or heart.
Researchers developed a new mouse model to test cancer drugs by simulating gene inhibition, preventing rapid cell division in cancer cells while leaving healthy cells unaffected. The study published in Nature Communications validates the preclinical relevance and predictive value of the inducible RNAi-based mouse model.
A randomized trial found that standard triple therapy was more effective than newer four-drug regimens in Latin America, justifying population-wide eradication trials to prevent gastric cancers. However, comment authors disagree, citing potential risks and complications associated with mass eradication programmes.
Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have longer survival rates than those who don't. Treatment for GER may help reduce microaspiration and scarring of lung tissue, leading to improved survival outcomes.
The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) has named 21 esteemed members as its 2011 Fellows, acknowledging their significant contributions to radiation oncology. These distinguished professionals have demonstrated excellence in research, patient care, education, and leadership, making them highly respected in the field.
Typhoon Ma-on's strong thunderstorms caused rough surf, gusty winds, and heavy rainfall along eastern coastal Japan. The storm weakened as it interacted with land and wind shear increased.
A study found that only about one third of patients with HIV test positive but are not yet eligible for treatment remain in care until they become eligible and start treatment. The researchers highlight the need for better health information systems to track patients between service delivery points.
A Baylor University study reveals that some desert bird species are more resilient to wildfires and climate change due to changes in their habitat. The research found that three bird species will benefit from the drying of grasslands, reducing the likelihood of intense wildfires, and allowing for easier prey foraging.
Researchers found a sub-group of cutaneous human papillomaviruses (beta HPV types) associated with skin carcinogenesis in a novel experimental animal model. Chronic skin UV irradiation promoted the formation of skin lesions resembling squamous cell carcinoma precursor lesions, closely mimicking human observations.
A study found that participants with high levels of amyloid plaques, a hallmark of Alzheimer's, had twice the typical annual rate of falls for their age group. This suggests that falls may be an early indicator of Alzheimer's disease in people with preclinical symptoms.
A new framework for the evolutionary analysis of the mind proposes that humans cannot be accurately portrayed as being adapted only to a Stone Age environment due to recent selection of genes. Experimental evidence suggests that humans utilize general learning rules rather than a modular account of cognition.
Cancer biologists have pinpointed a gene that drives progression of small cell lung cancer, an aggressive form of lung cancer. Researchers found the gene to be overexpressed in both mouse and human lung tumors.
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University developed a new test that distinguishes between bacterial and viral infections by measuring chemiluminescence. This timesaving method has predictive diagnostic value and could reduce antibiotic misuse and healthcare costs, as well as provide more accurate treatment.
Women with breastfeeding difficulties in the first two weeks after giving birth are more likely to experience postpartum depression at two months, according to a new study. The study found that women who disliked breastfeeding and those with severe breast pain were at higher risk of depression.
A new study reveals distinct experiences of female engineering students from different racial backgrounds, highlighting the need for tailored support to retain underrepresented groups.
A study by Deborah Barnes found that low education, smoking, physical inactivity, depression, mid-life hypertension, diabetes, and mid-life obesity are associated with up to 51% of Alzheimer's cases worldwide. Lifestyle changes such as increasing physical activity and quitting smoking could potentially prevent some cases.
A study found that obese and non-obese women experienced reduced calorie consumption when exposed to the same foods in different ways, suggesting meal monotony can lead to decreased caloric intake. The results support the idea that reducing food variety may be an effective strategy for weight loss.
A study found that transferring HIV patient care from doctors in hospitals to nurses in primary health clinics resulted in equivalent or better health outcomes for stable patients on antiretroviral therapy. The transfer strategy was also cost-effective, with a 11% lower cost than doctor-managed hospital-based outpatient treatment.
Researchers used gene transfer to deliver a therapeutic gene that produces protein apoA-1, which removes harmful cholesterol from atherosclerotic lesions. This approach protected against atherosclerosis in rabbit studies, with minimal and stable disease measurements over 48 weeks after a single dose of gene therapy.
A new report reveals that nearly 75% of senior households have limited financial buffers against unexpected events, making them vulnerable to poverty. The situation is expected to worsen if cuts are made to Social Security, which could impact millions of seniors in the US.
Research reveals abnormal femur development in young athletes due to high-intensity sports, leading to osteoarthritis and hip deformity. Athletes are ten times more likely to experience impaired hip function than non-athletes.
Researchers discovered that ancient footprints in Laetoli, Tanzania, show human-like features and gait existed almost 2 million years earlier than previously thought. The study used a new statistical technique to analyze 11 intact prints and compared them to modern human and great ape footprints.
Researchers at Hebrew University have successfully identified and isolated 'organizer' cells in human embryos, which are responsible for determining the shape of the embryo during development. This breakthrough could lead to better understanding of embryonic development and potential applications in treating spinal damage.
Agricultural Research Service scientists monitored emissions from a commercial dairy in southern Idaho, revealing that open-lot pens generate the majority of facility's ammonia, nitrous oxide, and methane emissions. The study provides detailed data on how large-scale dairy facilities contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.
Tropical Storm Bret is experiencing a weakening convective uplift due to dry air intrusion, resulting in decreased thunderstorm intensity and cloud top temperatures of -63F (-52C). The National Hurricane Center forecasts Bret to dissipate by the weekend as it battles increasing wind shear.
Vanderbilt University researchers found that dopamine in the kidneys plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and life span. The study suggests that targeting the kidney dopamine system may be effective in treating hypertension and progressive kidney diseases.
Researchers at NIST have created a dense array of extra-long carbon nanotubes called VANTA, which absorbs nearly all light of long wavelengths, making it a promising coating for prototype detectors. The coating is easy to handle and has desirable thermal properties.
A study by Group Health Research Institute found that oral contraceptives can slow down bone gain in young women, especially those taking higher hormone doses. The study measured bone densities in 301 teen and 305 young adult women who used oral contraceptives, compared to similar women who did not use this method.
A new study suggests that a small hippocampus is more likely an effect of depression rather than a cause. Researchers found that individuals with depression declined in volume over time, but those with smaller hippocampus were not at higher risk to develop depression.
A recent study suggests that seven potentially modifiable risk factors, including smoking and physical inactivity, contribute to an estimated half of all Alzheimer's disease cases worldwide. By reducing these risk factors by 25%, up to 3 million cases of AD could be prevented globally.
Researchers found that stress testing with MPI was unnecessary for most patients undergoing pre-operative workup for bariatric surgery. The incidence of abnormal findings on MPI was only 5%, and perioperative cardiovascular events were extremely low despite high risk factors for coronary artery disease.
Researchers found that holding a memory of a visual event can 'contaminate' visual perception, leading to exaggerated misperceptions. The study used a visual illusion to demonstrate this effect, showing participants reported more dramatic changes in motion direction than actually existed.
Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have found a complex molecular relationship between ERK and CHK2 proteins, which could lead to new treatments for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The study showed that inhibiting both proteins simultaneously killed more cancer cells than treating them separately.
A large clinical trial in Latin America found a standard three-drug regimen for treating H. pylori more effective than four-drug regimens in Europe and Asia. The study, published in The Lancet, suggests that geographic variations in H. pylori resistance to antibiotics may account for the discrepancy.
Researchers discovered that hummingbird beaks can 'snap-buckle' to catch insects in mid-air, using elastic energy stored in the bone. This phenomenon allows for faster and more powerful insect capture than could be achieved by jaw muscles alone.
Researchers at NIST have created a measurement technique that determines mechanical properties of near-nanoscale films, enabling better design for water purification systems. The study reveals chlorine causes progressive deterioration in membrane performance over time, contradicting previous assumptions.
Mamie Moy, a 56-year University of Houston professor, received the American Chemical Society's Award for Encouraging Women into Careers in the Chemical Sciences. The award recognizes her dedication to promoting diversity and encouraging girls and women to pursue careers in chemical sciences.
A new study found that people associate small numbers with short time intervals and large numbers with longer intervals, indicating a brain-wide connection. This association affects how individuals perceive time, with larger numbers leading to slower time perception.
Researchers stress need for long-term response to AIDS, citing financing, retention, and socio-political instability as major challenges. Social scientists urged to take part in policy-making table.
Researchers advocate for expanded EHR use to address medical errors and improve care quality. Implementing Joint Commission's 2011 National Patient Safety Goals into EHR criteria can help fast-track the use of EHRs for patient safety.
A study in JAMA found that stress cardiomyopathy (SC) affects postmenopausal women primarily, but also younger patients, men, and those without an identifiable stressful trigger. CMR imaging identified specific criteria for diagnosis, which showed complete normalization of LV function after follow-up imaging.
The latest evidence-based vascular medicine provides comprehensive guidance on managing noncardiac vascular diseases, including PAD, carotid stenosis, renal artery stenosis, chronic mesenteric ischemia, and critical limb ischemia. The series of articles offers expert clinicians the tools they need to improve patient care.