Barbara E. Corkey, PhD, is being honored by the American Diabetes Association for her 35-year contributions to understanding diabetes and its treatment. Her work has shown that oscillations in beta cell Ca2+ fluxes influence insulin secretion and that elevated glucose and lipids cause tissue malfunction in diabetes.
Researchers identify dozens of rare genetic variants in ion channel genes associated with epilepsy, as well as nearly identical variations in healthy individuals. The study suggests that a combination of altered channels can mask individual defects, leading to a complex interplay between gene variants and the development of epilepsy.
A systematic review of community health worker programs found significant increases in mammography screening rates among medically underserved women. The programs were most effective in urban and medical settings, with racial-ethnic parity strengthening the beneficial effect.
Researchers have successfully produced synthetic collagen in maize with similar levels of proline hydroxylation to human collagen. This breakthrough enables the production of a protein with human-like modifications, making it suitable for various applications in reconstructive and cosmetic surgery, as well as the food industry.
The NASA Aqua satellite captured an infrared image of Tropical Storm Meari and Tropical Depression Haima on June 22. The image showed large areas of strong thunderstorms and convection, indicating rainfall rates of up to 2 inches per hour in both storms.
The UH Cancer Center has received a significant gift to accelerate mesothelioma research, with scientists working on developing new therapies to prevent and treat the disease. Recent breakthroughs have shed light on potential causes, including exposure to erionite particles found in airborne asbestos.
Researchers found smaller osmolyte molecules are more effective at protecting protein structures than larger ones, which could lead to better storage techniques for human reproductive tissue used in IVF and other materials.
A study published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry reveals that a protein called globin E plays a crucial role in supplying oxygen to the avian retina. This finding helps explain how birds evolved large eyes without a dense network of ocular capillaries, and sheds light on the unique properties of the avian eye.
Seven faculty teams will receive grants to tackle various environmental challenges, including coral reefs and groundwater supply. The projects aim to promote global sustainability through interdisciplinary research.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have identified a possible new approach to treating myelofibrosis by inhibiting an enzyme that forms scar tissue in the bone marrow. The study found that inhibiting this enzyme resulted in a significant decrease in the burden of myelofibrosis, offering a potential new avenue for treat...
Researchers at Ohio State University have developed a smartphone app called eShadow that uses nearby wireless networks to alert users of a friend's presence. The software enables meaningful face-to-face conversations and builds bridges between strangers who share similar interests, providing a complement to online social networks.
A Johns Hopkins-led research study found that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who use long-term inhaled corticosteroids have a 27% increased risk of bone fractures. This increased risk is particularly concerning for women, who are already at a higher fracture risk than men.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified compounds that inhibit a signaling pathway in Huntington's disease, a fatal genetic disorder. The quinazoline-derived compounds block the store-operated calcium entry signaling pathway, potentially slowing the progression of degenerative nerve disorders.
A new iPhone application, iTrem, has been developed to track hand and arm tremors in patients with Parkinson's disease. The app uses the iPhone's accelerometer to collect data, which can be used by physicians to remotely monitor patient disability and treatment response.
Researchers identify top biotic constraints affecting soybean production, including aphids, rust, nematodes, and exotic pathogen red leaf blotch. Genetic resources, biosecurity measures, and resistant cultivars are needed to combat these threats.
Researchers found that Daphnia's defense against predators makes it more vulnerable to a virulent yeast parasite, Metschnikowia. The study suggests that increasing predator densities may not be the best solution to control disease as it can lead to increased susceptibility to other parasites.
Ovenbirds and veeries use chipmunk calls to identify safe nesting spots, avoiding areas with high predator activity. By eavesdropping on chipmunk vocalisations, birds can select optimal locations for their nests, reducing the risk of predation.
A study found that service learning in a university-level horticulture course increased students' understanding of course material and their opinions on community involvement. Alumni reported improved confidence and awareness after the experience, highlighting its benefits for future careers.
A new study led by Michigan State University criminologist Thomas Holt reveals that peer influence and low self-control are major factors driving juvenile cybercrime such as hacking and online bullying. Parents are encouraged to be more proactive with their kids, discussing ethical dilemmas and using parental-control software.
Researchers have discovered a mechanism by which stress induces epigenetic changes in Drosophila that can be inherited across generations. The study found that the transcription factor dATF-2 plays a key role in this process, leading to changes in chromatin structure and gene expression.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that ghrelin, the 'hunger hormone', triggers comfort food cravings in stressed mice, leading to overeating and increased body weight. The study suggests that ghrelin signaling plays a crucial role in stress-induced food-reward behaviors.
The Genesis mission has provided the first oxygen and nitrogen isotopic measurements of the Sun, showing significant differences from those on Earth. These results suggest that the solar system was formed through a complex process, with different astrophysical mechanisms contributing to the composition of space dust.
A study published in HortScience found that 86 indoor plant species can remove formaldehyde from the air, with ferns proving to be the most effective. The top-performing species, including the Japanese royal fern, showed a significant ability to neutralize formaldehyde and improve indoor air quality.
A holistic approach to treating cancer pain that addresses psychological, social, and spiritual needs can enhance treatment outcomes and ease suffering. Research suggests integrating palliative care from diagnosis can improve quality of life, reduce depression, and increase survival time for lung cancer patients.
A new model predicts which cyanobacterial genes are central to capturing energy from sunlight and other critical processes. The model identifies key bottleneck genes that control the expression of essential proteins.
Researchers explore potential causes of widespread gullying on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, find evidence of late Quaternary development in river valleys of the Karakoram Himalaya range. Paleovalley morphology studies reveal insights into climate and tectonic controls on sedimentation.
A new study by UW-Madison sleep researchers found that fruit flies with enriched learning environments need more sleep due to increased synaptic growth. The study suggests that sleep is driven by the need to reduce brain energy needs, providing structural evidence for the theory of synaptic homeostasis.
A two-year study by Dalhousie University researchers reveals the California Current is a crucial habitat for marine predators like tunas, sharks, and sea turtles. The study found that these species migrate predictably to the region when it warms and cools.
A recent study found that modern fish communities in coastal Kenya have significantly different life histories compared to ancient Swahili refuse heaps. This shift is attributed to overfishing, which has reduced larger species and increased smaller species with shorter life spans.
The Department of Energy has won 36 R&D100 awards for its groundbreaking projects in energy, environment and national security. These projects include advanced ceramic film capacitors, enhanced renewable methane production systems and photoacoustic spectroscopy systems for remote detection of explosives.
Researchers have found that HDL cholesterol from patients with coronary artery disease has impaired anti-inflammatory effects on blood vessel-lining cells and fails to stimulate repair of the blood vessel lining. This study highlights the importance of considering not just abundance but also biological functions of HDL in preventing CAD.
Researchers have demonstrated that chromophores do not need to change shape to trigger the visual signal, instead, an electronic coupling initiates the process. This discovery challenges the long-held assumption of isomerization as the first step in the visual signal initiation.
A large cohort study of over 13,000 people aged 65 and over found that those taking medications with anticholinergic properties had a higher risk of dying and experiencing cognitive impairment. The study suggests that clinicians should review medication regimens regularly to minimize harm.
A study identified a novel sensor that is necessary to activate the immune response to viral infection. The research highlights the complex and overlapping mechanisms used by immune cells to detect viruses, providing insights into the development of more effective antiviral therapeutics.
A research team has identified the disease-causing mutation in a newly characterized rare genetic disease using DNA from just a few individuals. The VAAST tool, developed by Mark Yandell and Martin G. Reese, uses rapid and accurate gene-sequencing techniques to pinpoint mutations in individual patients.
Researchers developed a mouse model of Familial Hemiplegic Migraine type 2, showing increased susceptibility to cortical spreading depression. The study suggests that episodic disruptions in the excitation-inhibition balance may underlie migraine vulnerability.
Researchers at Harvard University's Neuromotor Control Lab found that motion-referenced learning, where the brain learns from actual movements rather than intended actions, can improve learning efficiency. This approach may lead to more effective neurological rehabilitation for individuals with stroke or other motor disorders.
The study highlights large gaps in the evidence base for treating chronic non-cancer pain, emphasizing the need for a multi-faceted approach that considers physical and emotional functioning. Researchers urge further investigation into combination treatments to identify effective therapies for specific patient characteristics.
The FASEB MARC Program has awarded $13,200 to 8 students and postdoctorates from underrepresented minorities for their participation in the SDB 70th Annual Meeting. The awards aim to promote diversity in the biomedical research community.
Researchers found that ghrelin hormone is required for prolonged psychosocial stress to promote preference and intake of high-fat food in mice. This discovery could lead to new therapeutic targets for curbing stress-related food behavior.
Researchers found that oxytocin improved trust, mood, and reduced disruptive behavior in Prader-Willi syndrome patients. The hormone, which plays a key role in social interactions and empathy, showed promise as a potential treatment for the condition.
Researchers compare theory with data from STAR experiment to establish the temperature boundary where ordinary matter and quark-gluon plasma cross over. The team also finds that the highly dynamical systems of gold-gold collisions achieve thermal equilibrium.
Researchers discovered that ghrelin is required for prolonged psychosocial stress to promote preference for high-fat food in mice. A ketogenic diet also suppresses seizures by reducing adenosine levels, while HDL from patients with coronary artery disease has different effects on blood vessel lining cells compared to healthy individuals.
The Cassini mission has found evidence of large-scale saltwater reservoirs beneath Enceladus' icy crust, suggesting a possible subsurface ocean. The data reveal that most of the ejected solids are salt-rich grains, which are thought to originate from liquid saltwater rather than surface ice.
Johns Hopkins researchers have identified a natural mechanism to block the expression of the mutated gene causing HD, potentially slowing its progression. By manipulating a newly found 'brake' gene, they aim to stop or slow production of the toxic huntingtin protein.
A new study suggests that regenerative abnormalities associated with diabetes are widespread, affecting not only nerves but also blood vessel growth and Schwann cell proliferation. By promoting blood vessel and Schwann cell growth, researchers may be able to speed up axon regeneration and repair damaged nerves and blood vessels.
Physicians have identified six new cases of purpura, a debilitating skin condition caused by cocaine contaminated with the de-worming drug levamisole. Treatment involves stopping cocaine use and administering steroids to prevent inflammation.
Researchers from the University of Bonn analyzed fossil teeth from two giant herbivorous dinosaurs, Camarasaurus and Brachiosaurus, using a chemical thermometer to determine their body temperatures. The analysis revealed that both dinosaurs had a body temperature between 36 and 38 degrees Celsius.
A two-year project aims to improve music appreciation in cochlear implant users through innovative music workshops and a computer tool kit of listening exercises. Researchers will develop materials and compositions specifically designed for cochlear implant users, aiming to boost self-confidence and enjoyment.
Researchers found a correlation between FAP and abnormal blood vessel density in the oral mucosa, suggesting a potential screening test. The study used a device to measure vascular density in patients with FAP and controls, showing higher values in FAP patients, which could indicate an alternative marker for colon cancer risk.
The newest AIDS drug, Edurant, was developed by Rutgers scientists after 13-year collaboration with Janssen Pharmaceutica. The drug has shown exceptional potency against drug-resistant HIV, with 83% of trial participants having undetected HIV levels.
Researchers from Caltech have developed a new approach to measure dinosaur body temperatures, providing new insights into their physiology. They found that sauropod dinosaurs had body temperatures similar to those of most modern mammals, ranging from 35.7°C to 38.2°C.
A new study found that infants born to mothers who received the influenza vaccine during pregnancy are 45-48% less likely to be hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza. The researchers analyzed data from seven flu seasons between 2002 and 2009, involving 1,510 babies hospitalized within the first six months of life.
A University of Illinois study found that obese dieters face challenges in losing weight due to changes in their brain chemistry, triggered by a fast or near-fast diet. This can lead to reduced motivation and depression-like behaviors.
Researchers at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) are working on non-chemical based ways to fight fruit flies, including lure and kill techniques using ginger essence. The team aims to develop sustainable pest management options to replace restricted insecticides dimethoate and fenthion.
VAAST, a new probabilistic disease-gene finder, rapidly searches personal genomes for genes with disease-causing mutations. The tool improves upon existing methods with regard to statistical power, flexibility, and scope of use.
Researchers at Michigan Medicine observed key aspects of brain circuit development in living organisms, revealing two distinct types of competition between cells that shape memory circuits. The findings suggest that the brain eliminates inactive connections to maintain efficient neural networks, which is crucial for learning and memory.
Researchers found that birds flap their wings while running up steep objects to conserve energy, with power savings reaching 10%. This behavior may be essential for learning to fly and could have been a key stage in the evolution of flight.
A University of Exeter team monitored loggerhead turtles in the US Atlantic Ocean, finding they rarely leave the USA or continental shelf. The study highlights the value of satellite tracking for predicting migrations and directing conservation efforts.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital researchers reveals that disruption of the molecular pathway causing Gaucher disease leads to toxic α-synuclein deposits in Parkinson's disease. This finding indicates therapies targeting this pathway may be a new option for patients with Parkinson's disease.
The study discovered two novel genetic associations with Parkinson's disease, one near the SCARB2 gene and another near SREBF1 and RAI1 genes. The research also replicated twenty previously known genetic associations, providing strong evidence for the web-based design used in this study.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine identified a genetic 'lock and key' mechanism in social amoebae that enables cells to recognize kin from non-kin. The proteins TgrB1 and TgrC1, with immunoglobulin folds, act as a lock and key, facilitating cooperation and aggregation among genetically similar cells.
Despite new guidelines and educational efforts, up to 75% of surgical patients in the USA still fail to receive adequate post-op pain relief. New pain medications and techniques under development could help improve symptom relief for patients.
Scientists have developed new ultrasound tools that can be used in space and remote areas, allowing non-physician astronauts to perform diagnostic exams. The tools include a catalog of 'space-normal' imagery of the human body, enabling astronauts to provide care without consulting a physician on Earth.
A woman with diabetic neuropathy lost her leg after her Jack Russell terrier chewed off part of her infected big toe while she slept. The case study emphasizes the need for patients to protect their feet from pets and infections.
Susan R. Wessler receives the FASEB 2012 Excellence in Science Award for her pioneering work on plant transposable elements and their impact on gene and genome evolution. Her research has led to significant advancements in understanding the role of transposons in shaping genomes.
Composted dairy manure solids significantly improve soil physical and chemical properties, reducing density and pH while increasing organic matter and nutrient concentrations. The treatment also enhances the establishment and growth of selected ornamental plants.
Researchers discovered that Barrett's esophagus, a precursor to esophageal cancer, arises from a small group of leftover embryonic cells present in all adults. This finding opens up new avenues for therapeutic intervention to prevent the progression of cancer. The study used mouse models and identified specific cell surface markers to ...
A math education professor argues that advanced courses in mathematics do little to contribute to effective teaching, and instead suggests that teachers focus on developing a deeper understanding of mathematics with their students. This approach can help prevent student frustration and prepare them for a knowledge-based economy.
Researchers identified a molecular mechanism behind the ketogenic diet's antiepileptic effects, reducing seizures in mice by lowering Adk protein expression. The findings suggest less-restrictive diets and pharmaceutical approaches could be effective alternatives to conventional treatments.
A new study by American Society for Horticultural Science reveals that landscape coefficients can be used to predict seasonal water demand and enhance irrigation information. This approach shows promising results for promoting water savings in mixed-species urban landscapes, supporting regional conservation efforts.
A Danish chemist has created a synthetic version of a bacterial endotoxin, revealing the mechanism behind deadly Gram-positive infections. The breakthrough could lead to the development of new and effective types of antibiotics.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered a link between the slow growth of childhood brain tumors and a genetic process similar to that seen in skin moles. The study suggests that tumor-suppressor genes are activated, limiting tumor growth.
Research reveals that leftover embryonic cells found in all adults may be precursors of deadly esophageal cancers, including Barrett's esophagus. The study suggests targeting these precursor cells as a potential strategy for stopping the disease before it starts.
A recent study found that about 25% of drivers who died in crashes tested positive for drugs, with marijuana and stimulants being the most common. The study suggests that while other drugs contribute to road deaths, alcohol remains the largest contributor to fatal crashes.
Researchers from the University of Southampton have discovered a way to track Atlantic salmon's feeding grounds in the North Atlantic. By analyzing the chemistry of their scales, scientists can now identify where individual rivers' salmon migrate to feed, revealing surprising differences in their ocean experiences.
Patients who received motivational interviews early after a stroke had normal mood, fewer instances of depression, and greater survival rates compared to those receiving standard care. After one year, 48% of patients with the intervention had normal mood, while the death rate was 6.5%, significantly lower than the control group.
Researchers at the University of Exeter have demonstrated a novel technique using phase-change materials for simultaneous information processing and storage. This breakthrough could revolutionize computing by making computers faster, more energy-efficient, and brain-like in their architecture.
Researchers have found that stress can be inherited through epigenetic changes, affecting gene expression and potentially influencing diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and schizophrenia. This discovery has implications for the impact of stress on future generations.
A randomized study found outpatient care for low-risk patients with pulmonary embolism to be as safe and effective as inpatient care. The study showed reduced rates of recurrent venous thromboembolism, major bleeding, and death in outpatient patients.
Researchers designed a hydrophone that can capture full range of ocean sounds from soft whispers to explosions, accurately at any depth. They achieved this using lasers and mirrors to detect minute movements on the diaphragm, inspired by orca ears' optimized sonar.
The Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation awarded a $30,000 grant to the University of Miami's RJD Marine Conservation Program to investigate shark conservation in Florida waters. The research aims to understand the impact of top predators on the ecosystem and develop strategies for sustainable fisheries management.
The FASEB MARC Program has announced travel award recipients for the 2011 Society for the Study of Reproduction Annual Meeting. Eleven awards totaling $18,150 were given to promote underrepresented minority participation in biomedical research.
Researchers found a group of approximately 20 cells in the brains of fruit flies that controls when and how long they sleep. This sleep state is essential for long-term memory formation, suggesting a connection between memory and sleep. The discovery opens up new possibilities for understanding sleep and its role in memory consolidation.
Scientists studied contrail effects on climate, finding a small positive contribution from line-shaped contrails. Researchers also investigated Aboriginal forest burning's influence on the Australian summer monsoon, discovering it altered local climate and extended dry season.