A new study finds that children's reading achievement at age 10 predicts their independent reading at 11, suggesting a causal relationship between the two. However, independent reading does not directly improve reading achievement, especially among children at the end of elementary school.
Researchers have found a new potential therapeutic approach to treat malaria by targeting parasite proteins in exosomes. In a mouse model of malaria infection, immunizing with rex containing parasite proteins resulted in full protection upon lethal infections in 85% of the animals.
A new study of Canadian first graders suggests that a good teacher-student relationship can shield children from expressing aggression and being targeted by their peers. The research found that genetically vulnerable children were protected from aggressive behavior if they had a warm, affectionate relationship with their teacher.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab create a new device called the SheetRocker to study how shaking affects sheet formation in peptoid monolayers. They find that compression on the air-water interface produces free-floating, stable nanosheets in 95% yield, enabling scalable sensing and filtration applications.
A recent study involving over 150,000 participants found that annual chest radiographic screening did not significantly decrease lung cancer mortality compared to usual care. The researchers examined the effect of screening on mortality using data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.
Researchers created databases showing how genes turn on and off in multiple brain regions through development, revealing a 'consistent molecular architecture' across individuals. Key findings include individual genetic variations linked to expression patterns, with most genes reversing their direction of expression after birth.
A recent study conducted by Sandia National Laboratories found that diode lasers can produce high-quality white light comparable to LEDs, which may lead to new lighting technologies. The research used a test involving volunteers and different lighting sources, including LED bulbs, incandescent lights, and diode laser combinations.
Scientists have developed a sensor array that can diagnose multiple sclerosis from exhaled breath, offering a fast, inexpensive and non-invasive alternative to traditional methods. The technology has been tested in humans and shows promising results, rivaling the accuracy of spinal taps without pain or risk.
A new drug called apixaban has shown to be effective in treating atrial fibrillation, reducing the risk of stroke by 21% and major bleeding by 31%. The study found that apixaban is better than warfarin in preventing strokes and was associated with less bleeding.
Complex organic compounds found throughout Universe contain aromatic and aliphatic components, resembling coal and petroleum. Stars produce these compounds on short time scales, ejecting them into interstellar space.
A new technique developed by Johns Hopkins surgeons allows for the removal of skull base tumors without traditional incisions, resulting in faster recovery times and reduced complications. The procedure uses a natural opening above the jawbone and beneath the cheekbone to access the tumor site.
A recent clinical trial conducted by the University of California - San Francisco indicates that a vaccine against HPV can effectively reduce anal infections and precancerous lesions, leading to a nearly 75% reduction in cancer precursors among those who had not been previously exposed. The vaccine is expected to prevent anal cancer in...
Researchers have identified a gene variant associated with an increased risk of leukemia relapse in young patients treated with E. coli asparaginase, a common chemotherapy drug. This discovery may lead to personalized treatment approaches based on genetic profiles.
Researchers studied woodpecker anatomy and behavior to understand how they resist head impact injury. Key findings include the relative 'spongy'-ness of cranial bones and beak features that absorb shock, leading to a combined effect of multiple morphological features.
Researchers at Iowa State University's Wind Energy Manufacturing Lab are working to develop new manufacturing methods that can improve the productivity of turbine blade factories by up to 35%. The lab uses advanced technologies like lasers and nondestructive evaluation to analyze and improve wind blade edges, fabric manipulation techni...
A new magnetic tongue technology uses nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to analyze food components and estimate tastes, showing promise for improving flavor detection in processed foods. The method has potential as a rapid, sensitive, and relatively inexpensive approach for food processing companies.
Women undergoing IVF treatment have a higher risk of developing borderline ovarian tumours and an increased risk of malignant ovarian cancer compared to those not treated with IVF. The long-term risks are significant enough to warrant further research.
Researchers found a previously unknown molecular pathway controlling ion channel number and location on the cell surface, affecting heart rhythm and other muscle activity. This discovery may lead to new treatments for heart arrhythmia and related conditions such as paralysis and kidney disorders.
A recent study found that poverty-related stress impacts executive function development in early childhood, leading to lower academic readiness. Higher levels of cortisol, a stress hormone, were linked to reduced executive function abilities in low-income homes.
The NIST team uses analytical ultracentrifugation to simultaneously sort and measure light absorption of nanoparticle clusters by size. This allows for the measurement of individual cluster sizes without being confounded by other components, enabling more accurate experiments in EHS and biosensors research.
Researchers at Wayne State University are developing a computer-delivered intervention to screen for and reduce alcohol use among pregnant women, with the goal of improving fetal health outcomes. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of handheld mobile devices and anonymous self-interview formats in identifying at-risk drinkers.
Researchers have created a novel EEG-based brain-computer interface that allows users to control a virtual helicopter using only their minds. The system was tested with great success, reaching targets 85% of the time in a task requiring users to navigate randomly positioned rings in three-dimensional space.
A massive study found hundreds of genetic differences between males and females as their brains develop in the womb. Genes associated with psychiatric illnesses are expressed before birth, suggesting a complex link between genetics and mental health.
A new study found that the evolutionary shaping of floral scents in oil-secreting orchids is more closely tied to their genetic history than to natural selection driven by specific pollinators. Researchers discovered that scent profiles fell along phylogenetic lines, even when different bee species were involved.
A University of Illinois study found that boating, kayaking, and fishing on the Chicago River pose a risk of gastrointestinal illness comparable to swimming at other local waters. The study, which enrolled over 11,000 participants, revealed higher rates of eye symptoms among river users.
New research reveals that chiral metal surfaces can control chiral chemistry, offering a novel approach to pharmaceutical drug synthesis. The study finds that certain surface orientations form stable structures with one molecular enantiomer but not the other, promoting enantiospecific effects.
A team of researchers used modeling to determine the type of testing that might be effective in future solar radiation management. Short-term tests could help inform decisions about larger scale deployments, but would require several decades and extrapolation to centuries-long time scales.
A group of international diabetes researchers have been awarded $4.5 million to engineer an artificial pancreas system that can monitor and adapt to the body's complex physiological changes. The system aims to improve quality of life for patients with type 1 diabetes by treating the condition in their natural environment.
A potential new drug target has been discovered to stop debilitating effects of MS by preventing brain cell death caused by granzyme B. The target is the M6PR receptor, which allows granzyme B to enter neurons and wreak havoc.
A consortium led by Einstein researcher Nir Barzilai aims to sequence the complete genomes of 100 healthy centenarians in 30 days. This effort, backed by a $10 million 'X Prize,' seeks to uncover genetic advantages behind exceptional longevity and develop personalized medicine strategies.
A longitudinal study found that negative parenting in infancy is linked to increased aggression in toddlers, which can create a cycle of conflict between mothers and children. The researchers also discovered that this cycle can lead to conduct problems in school-age children.
A recent study found that teenage girls and senior students suffered high levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a major earthquake. The research suggests that young people, particularly those aged 16+, require prompt psychological support to avoid long-term mental health problems.
Researchers are developing innovative technologies to improve hearing, including adaptive noise control and speech enhancement. Additionally, musical training has been shown to enhance speech perception, while artificial ears inspired by bats and ultrasounds are being explored for medical applications.
Scientists predict a faster retreat for Antarctica's Thwaites Glacier within 20 years as it detaches from an underwater ridge. The glacier's grounding line is being exposed to warm ocean currents, leading to increased melting and potential sea level rise.
A new study found that preschoolers' language development is associated with their classmates' average language skills. Children with limited language skills were more affected by their peers than those with high skills, raising questions about the effectiveness of tracking in public preschool programs.
The US FDA lacks transparency in its food additive regulatory program, with manufacturers making safety decisions without public review. The Pew Health Group's analysis highlights the need for improved public participation and science-based decision-making to protect consumers from potential hazards.
Researcher Dr Nick Pearce warns that zombies in modern media represent a loss of control and powerlessness, mirroring societal issues like consumerism and government influence. The original zombie concept offers hope for resistance against controlling forces, making it a timely metaphor for today's society.
Research finds 94% of thermal cash register receipts contain BPA, contaminating paper products such as napkins and food packaging. The recycling process is a significant source of BPA exposure, contributing to up to 33.5 tons of BPA in the environment annually.
A new study found that friendships act as a buffer against the negative effects of classmates' rejection, with children who had few or low-quality friends experiencing increased cortisol levels. The study suggests that friendships can mitigate the stress of exclusion at school.
Researchers have created melanocytes from mouse tail cells using inducible pluripotent stem cells, offering potential benefits for tissue transplantation, cancer treatment, and drug discovery. The lab-made cells can be studied to understand the development of conditions like vitiligo and melanoma.
A recent study using the TRAPPIST telescope has accurately measured the shape and size of dwarf planet Eris, confirming its status as Pluto's twin. The findings show that Eris is approximately 2326 kilometers in diameter, with an accuracy of 12 kilometers.
A Scripps Research scientist has been awarded a $500,000 grant to study the genetic mutations associated with Parkinson's disease. The researcher will investigate two genes, LRRK2 and SGK1, which have shown a link between their mutations and reduced risk of Parkinson's disease.
A new study by Harvard School of Public Health researchers predicts that Medicaid enrollment under the Affordable Care Act could range from 8 to 22 million Americans by 2014. The study also estimates a need for 4,500 to 12,100 new physicians to care for new patients, due to low reimbursement rates.
A study published in PLOS ONE suggests that wind energy production can be compatible with wildlife conservation in Kansas. The researchers identified areas to avoid and quantified offset projects needed to make up for ecological effects, allowing for the potential development of up to 10 million hectares of land.
Sandia National Laboratories is launching a Cyber Engineering Research Institute to coordinate with industry and universities, aiming to increase cybersecurity research. Experts discuss the need for shared threat information and innovative solutions, including prize competitions to stimulate radical security innovations.
Researchers have identified five high-priority drug targets for the parasitic disease ascariasis, caused by the giant intestinal roundworm Ascaris suum. The discovery provides new insights into treating the condition, which affects millions of people in developing countries and causes chronic effects in young children.
A new study by Loran Nordgren and Eileen Chou found that thinking may not be effective in resisting temptation, as it depends on the interaction between temptation and visceral state. Cognitive mechanisms such as attention and motivated valuation can either promote impulsive behavior or self-control, depending on the context.
A study by Uppsala University found that Bisphenol A exposure in newborn mice causes permanent changes in brain function, leading to hyperactivity and poor adaptation to new environments. The effect persists into adulthood, affecting the cholinergic signal system.
A report by the University of Illinois sociology professor Rebecca Sandefur found that access to civil legal assistance depends on where you live, not your need. States with limited means often lack coordinated services nationwide or within communities.
A study found that amino acid concentrations were reduced in cloned embryos compared to in vitro fertilized pregnancies. This may explain developmental abnormalities and complications leading to embryo death. The findings highlight the importance of researching maternal-embryo interactions.
Researchers have developed a potent compound that selectively kills cancer cells while leaving healthy ones intact. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize leukemia treatment and could be a game-changer for patients with this life-threatening disease.
Antarctic killer whales perform rapid migrations to warmer tropical waters in search of relief from cold temperatures. The whales shed their thick layer of diatoms, which helps with skin regeneration in the warmer environment.
A team of astronomers has discovered three new planets and a mystery object orbiting giant, dying stars. The research provides insights into the evolution of planetary systems around these stars and how metal content influences their behavior.
A study by Concordia University explores how IT impacts manufacturing SMEs, finding that strategic planning positively affects performance. The research highlights the importance of autonomous IT management and aligned applications to maximize technological benefits.
A 1956 film shot by a dentist from Pennsylvania captures the last confirmed sighting of an imperial woodpecker in the wild. The footage shows a female bird foraging and then taking flight, offering insights into the species' behavior before its extinction.
Researchers uncovered a wide range of new insights into common diseases and their genetic basis, including cardiovascular and kidney disorders, diabetes, cancer, and more. The study provides details on the genetics behind these conditions and elucidates the role of individual differences in metabolism.
A new study assesses the effectiveness of bedside geriatric assessments in identifying vulnerable older adults with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who can benefit from aggressive treatment. The assessment tool evaluated cognitive function, psychological state, physical function, and co-morbid disease to provide more individualized tr...
A University of Alberta study reveals that individuals with low-appearance self-esteem consume more treats when in small packages, especially under favorable conditions. Researchers advise these consumers to regain control and limit package purchases to reduce calorie intake and save money.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have developed a new breast cancer therapy that delivers anticancer drugs directly into the breast ducts via the nipple. The treatment has shown no major side effects in human patients and has been effective in animal models, with some drugs even preventing tumors from forming.
Researchers found that specific receptor variants determine the development of nerve cells' dendrites, a crucial mechanism for communication. Different cell classes use these variants to grow dendrites in unique ways.
Scientists have pieced together the most comprehensive phylogeny for mollusks, revealing surprising relationships between enigmatic groups. The study places Monoplacophora, thought extinct, as a sister clade to cephalopods, and establishes a single origin for shelled mollusks.
A new study by Duke neuroscientists identifies the source of learning difficulties as an overactive immune response, triggered by early-life infections. The researchers found that specialized immune system cells in the brain called microglia release a signaling molecule called Interleukin-1, which can impair learning and memory.
Georgetown University Medical Center has been awarded a Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation by the FDA, supported by an initial $1 million grant. The center aims to strengthen science and training needed for modernizing drug development and evaluation.
The GeoSymbio application provides a wealth of information on symbiotic zooxanthellae, including genetic identification and taxonomic description of over 400 distinct subclades. This tool accelerates insights into their ecology, biogeography, and evolution in the face of climate change.
A new study found that binge eating disorder affects both men and women equally in terms of clinical impact, but men are underrepresented in research. The study's lead author emphasized the need for increased awareness among male sufferers to encourage seeking treatment.
A new study from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health developed a method to better estimate vaccine coverage, combining administrative data with survey data. The results show that estimates of routine immunization activities are substantially lower than previously thought in some countries, such as Madagascar and Sierra Leone.
A new surgical care bundle of 12 measures, including smoking cessation and gown change prior to skin closure, reduced Whipple procedure wound infections by 49% compared to a less comprehensive routine preoperative preparation. The measures also included intraoperative wound edge protection and chlorhexidine-alcohol skin preparation.
Researchers at NIST have developed a compact laser frequency comb, the first to use a cavity made of fused silica. The micro-comb is about the size of a shoebox and relies on a low-power laser and the cavity's unusual properties. It has wide spacing between teeth, allowing scientists to easily measure and manipulate them.
Treatment with high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation achieved a high organ response rate and increased overall survival, even in patients without hematologic complete response. The study found that careful patient selection and experienced management can lead to low treatment-related mortality rates.
The planned reopening of Spain's Altamira caves is sparking debate over the impact on 20,000-year-old wall paintings. Moisture and human activity are believed to foster bacterial growth that damages the artwork.
A recent study revealed that three European parasitoid wasp 'species' are actually seasonal forms of a single species. The researchers used museum collections and targeted fieldwork to confirm the findings, which were further supported by DNA sequence data.
A new malaria vaccine combines multiple proteins from various parasite types, inducing antibodies against a wide range of parasites. The vaccine has shown improved protection in children in endemic areas and could be especially useful for vulnerable groups.
A new study found that preschool children with poor language skills improve more when placed in classrooms with high-achieving students. In contrast, those with low initial language skills in lower-ability classes lost ground over the year. The researchers suggest blending students from different backgrounds for better results.
Researchers at Intermountain Medical Center found that fetal heart rate patterns may lead to unnecessary C-sections and increased costs. Category II patterns, considered indeterminate, are often misclassified, resulting in lower Apgar scores and NICU admissions.
A recent MU study found that religious and spiritual support is associated with better mental health outcomes for women and physical and mental health for men. Both genders benefit from social support provided by fellow congregants and involvement in religious organizations.
A new tool, COSP, has been developed to help scientists better represent clouds in climate models. It allows for a meaningful comparison between model-simulated clouds and corresponding satellite observations, eliminating ambiguities in direct comparisons.
A novel study demonstrates that nanoparticles can retain osteoarthritis drugs in the knee joint, increasing their duration of action. This technology, when used with current or new osteoarthritis drugs, may allow patients to receive injections every three months instead of once a week.