A study by an international consortium has identified five new genes associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The research, published in PLOS Genetics, found that these genetic variants contribute to the development of CAD and heart attacks, particularly in South Asian populations.
African ranchers may need to rethink their approach to managing savanna rangelands, as a new study suggests that coexisting with wildlife can enhance cattle growth. Grazing by wild animals like zebras can actually improve the quality of grass for cattle during the wet season when grass becomes rank and unproductive.
Researchers found that singing complete texts was not decisive for patients with non-fluent aphasia. Rhythm and familiar song lyrics were more important for articulation. Daily expressions like 'How are you?' can be easier to articulate, regardless of whether sung or spoken.
A Johns Hopkins team discovered that MRI's strong magnet pushes on fluid in the inner ear's balance organ, leading to vertigo. This finding may affect results of functional MRI studies and could lead to a non-invasive method for diagnosing balance disorders.
Researchers found that Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) targets all different grades of breast cancer by activating death pathways. The virus causes 100% of cancer cell destruction within seven days, with majority of cell death proteins activated on the fifth day.
Researchers have sequenced the Aboriginal Australian genome, demonstrating that they descended directly from an early human expansion into Asia around 70,000 years ago. This study provides new insights into the dispersal of the first humans to leave Africa and re-writes the story of their journey to Australia.
A global sampling of 48 sites on five continents yields unprecedented data set, finding no clear relationship between productivity and plant species in small study plots. This challenges the 'hump-shaped' model developed by British ecologist J. Philip Grime, which has remained a textbook standard for nearly four decades.
Researchers found increased nitrate levels in coastal waters of Korea and Japan since the 1980s, correlated with human-generated atmospheric nitrogen. This shift may influence marine plants and ecosystems, favoring organisms adapted to high nitrate conditions.
Scientists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have found that a common cancer protein, cyclin E, plays a crucial role in memory formation and may be implicated in Alzheimer's disease. By inhibiting the activity of cyclin E, researchers believe they can improve memory function.
Archaeologists have uncovered a large Roman shipyard near Rome, which could be the largest of its kind in Italy. The massive building, dating back to the 2nd century AD, features eight parallel bays with wooden roofs and was likely used for shipbuilding activities.
A new study in Canada found that breast imaging reports generated with automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have a higher error rate compared to conventional dictation transcription. At least one major error was found in 23% of ASR reports, while 4% of conventional reports contained errors affecting patient management.
Scientists have discovered a key to predicting emerging diseases like HIV, SARS, and flu by studying how viruses infect different species. By analyzing the relationships between species and viruses, researchers found that closely related flies are more susceptible to certain viruses.
A new study found that CT fluoroscopy for spine injections can reduce radiation exposure when the planning CT scan is optimized. The study suggests that reducing the coverage of the planning CT to only areas of interest and adjusting tube current or peak kilovoltage can lower the dose.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have developed a multi-cellular model of Zellweger's syndrome, a rare and deadly genetic disease, using fruit flies. The model mimics the human phenotype and is ideal for medical research due to its rapid development and low cost.
Digna Biotech receives FDA approval for cardiotrophin-1 as an acute liver failure treatment. The medicine is expected to work by acting as a messenger to damaged liver cells, helping them recover and restoring function. Cardiotrophin-1 has been shown to stimulate hepatic regeneration and protect hepatocytes during acute hepatic damage.
Berkeley lab researchers have discovered a complex protein structure in E.coli that plays a critical role in defending against viruses and other invaders. The 'Cascade' complex acts as a surveillance system, detecting and inactivating invading pathogens using RNA-guided target binding.
Researchers found that cardiac rehabilitation programs significantly improved patients' risk profiles after a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or mild stroke. Patients showed improvements in cholesterol levels, body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressure.
A Department of Health and Human Services-funded study confirms earlier findings were likely due to laboratory error, ruling out XMRV's presence in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome or healthy donors. The study suggests there is no need to screen blood donors for the viruses at present.
The journal Optical Materials Express has published a special Focus Issue on Nanoplasmonics and Metamaterials, highlighting recent advances in nano-optics. Researchers have successfully developed new optical materials and nanofabrication techniques to control light fields beyond the diffraction limit.
According to research published in Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, people prefer friends who share their beliefs, values, and interests. With more choice, these similarities increase, but surprisingly, the quality of friendships doesn't necessarily improve.
A large and robust DNA matrix represents all mammalian families, covering their earliest history and deepest divergences. The dataset enables biologists to take the next leap in understanding mammalian evolution and biodiversity.
Researchers found genetic evidence that links fluid balance to a turning point in evolution, with the emergence of ENaC and Na-K-ATPase coinciding with multi-cellular organisms. The study suggests a link between these genes and the development of complex life forms.
Researchers found that GABA suppressed inflammatory immune responses involved in Type 2 diabetes development. The supplement also improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity even after disease onset.
A team of scientists at the US Department of Agriculture has patented a method to convert commercial digital cameras into color infrared cameras for aerial photography. This technology allows for immediate image availability without further processing, making it ideal for detecting farmland extent and crop health. The innovation enable...
The study demonstrates that Aboriginal Australians descend directly from an early human expansion into Asia around 70,000 years ago. The results show that modern day Aboriginal Australians are the direct descendants of the first people who arrived in Australia as early as 50,000 years ago.
A study reveals how human activities can diminish the usefulness of ornamental traits like colorful feathers as signals of fitness. In contrast, a new field experiment shows that invasive yellow starthistle responds favorably to increased carbon dioxide levels. Plant breeding experts emphasize its potential to bring about a more positi...
A new study will assess the effectiveness of Project REACH, a prenatal intervention designed to prevent postpartum depression in adolescent mothers. The program focuses on strengthening social relationships and encouraging support, with a goal of reducing symptoms before they occur.
Researchers predict numerous human proteins required by HIV to replicate, discovering potential new targets for controlling the spread of HIV. The study also identifies prognostic markers to determine pathological outcome and AIDS development.
Researchers have created a large DNA matrix representing 99% of mammalian families, providing a robust framework for understanding evolutionary history and classification. The study reveals key diversification events in response to environmental changes, including the Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass extinction.
A study by UCLA scientists has found the first evidence of the H1N1 virus in animals in Africa, with 89% of pigs studied showing exposure to the virus. The discovery highlights the rapid spread of diseases globally and the importance of understanding viral transmission between humans, wild animals, and domestic animals.
Researchers used a new algorithm to predict human proteins that the HIV virus requires to replicate, offering potential new targets for controlling its spread. The study found many previously undiscovered proteins with high predictive value as prognostic markers.
Researchers sequenced the genome of a man who was an Aboriginal Australian, showing they are direct descendants of the first people to arrive on the continent 50,000 years ago. This challenges the prevailing theory of human migration, suggesting that Aboriginal Australians migrated to Australia earlier than previously thought.
The Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) is awarding $3.5 million to researchers at five universities to develop new technologies for advanced grid energy storage. The initiatives focus on high-efficiency electrochemical storage systems, solid oxide flow batteries, and low-cost flywheels.
In a study published in Science, researchers found that female promiscuity can increase genetic benefits in inbred populations. Females who mate with multiple males produce more viable offspring, while those who only mate with one male experience reduced reproductive success.
Residents who attend conferences focusing on missed cases exhibit lower error rates when interpreting x-ray images. The study found a significant reduction in discrepancies from 55 to 18 major errors after the conference became part of the resident education program.
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have discovered a non-polar polymer material exhibiting up to 10 times the measured electro-active response as compared to strong piezoelectric materials. This finding has the potential to revolutionize the field of electro-active devices, including sensors, actuators, energy storage devices,...
A study by UK researchers found that over two-thirds of men seeking email advice experienced erection problems and a quarter were from the age group of 21-30 years. The study highlights the importance of online resources like the Sexual Advice Association in addressing sexual health concerns.
A recent DNA study suggests that humans settled in Asia in multiple waves of migration, contrary to previous genetic studies. The research found that Denisovans, an archaic human group, contributed DNA to modern populations in Southeast Asia and Oceania, including New Guineans, Australian aborigines, and Philippine populations.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed a nanoscale nonlinear optical device that can be controlled electronically, offering potential applications in data communications and information processing. The device uses plasmonics to intensify light and produce a powerful electrical field.
NASA plans to demonstrate a new optical communications system that can transmit high-definition video and data at speeds of tens of gigabits per second. The Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) aims to revolutionize the Agency's communication capabilities, making it possible to stream video from distances beyond the Moon.
A new study from Carnegie Mellon University and Duke University found that advisers give more biased advice when dealing with multiple anonymous recipients, especially if they don't know the recipient's name. The study also showed that single, identified recipients receive more empathetic and unbiased advice.
Researchers at RIKEN Advanced Science Institute synthesized new heterometallic hydride clusters using rare-earth and d-transition metals, enabling analysis via X-ray diffraction. These clusters exhibit unique reactivity properties pointing to new hydrogen storage techniques, promising environmentally-friendly solutions for clean energy.
Researchers found that ritualistic behavior is not only human but also animal behavior, developed to induce calm and manage stress. In both humans and animals, repetitive behavior serves as a way to feel in control of unpredictable situations.
Kidney damage allows detrimental enzymes to wreak havoc on fluid balance, causing protein in the urine, high cholesterol, and swelling. New insights reveal that plasminogen plays a role in activating the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), leading to excessive sodium absorption and water retention.
Increasing investment in early childhood development programmes can generate substantial returns, with potential benefits including long-term growth and reduced inequalities. Effective interventions include home-based and community-based parenting and family support, as well as high-quality preschool education.
A new model has successfully predicted Arctic sea ice conditions up to five years into the future. The research shows that measuring ice thickness in September can provide a reliable gauge for the summer's low ebb. This prediction is important for shipping, oil exploration, and conservation efforts.
Researchers found that sex-segregated schools do not necessarily lead to better education outcomes, and may even reinforce gender stereotypes. The study suggests that coeducational settings can help students develop essential skills for interacting with others.
A University of Kentucky research team, led by Dr. Susanne Arnold, has been awarded a $1.43 million grant to investigate potential environmental factors contributing to the high lung cancer rates in Eastern Kentucky. The study will examine exposure to trace elements and their role in promoting carcinogenesis.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a method to control silicon evaporation, allowing for the growth of high-quality layers of epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide wafers. This technique enables the production of uniform and high-quality graphene layers, which is essential for electronic device applications.
Researchers have discovered a new class of compounds that stick to the sugary coating of the AIDS virus and inhibit its entry into cells. The synthetic lectins, developed from a compound called benzoboroxole, show promise as a potential microbicide to prevent HIV infection.
Researchers found that bortezomib inhibits transforming growth factor beta, a protein essential for scar tissue growth, preventing its development in human cells and mouse models. The drug also prevented expression of proteins necessary for scarring in fibroblast cells from scleroderma patients
Astronomers at Yale University have discovered the first two potential exoplanets found by Planet Hunters users analyzing real scientific data from NASA's Kepler mission. The candidate planets orbit their host stars with periods ranging from 10 to 50 days and radii that range in size from two-and-a-half to eight times Earth's radius.
A study found that elderly breast cancer patients are more likely to die from age-related conditions rather than the disease itself, highlighting shortcomings in patient care. Researchers argue that these patients are being under-treated due to a false perception of their prognosis.
Children with severe therapy-resistant asthma (STRA) have poorer lung function and worse symptoms due to lower levels of vitamin D. The study found that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased airway smooth muscle mass, making breathing more difficult.
Researchers gather data in the Indian Ocean to understand tropical weather patterns and their effects on global climate. The six-month field campaign aims to improve long-range weather forecasts and seasonal outlooks.
Scientists have created an 'antimagnet', which can protect pacemakers and other medical devices from strong MRI signals. The device uses superconducting materials and metamaterials to control magnetic fields, making it undetectable.
Researchers at Arizona State University have made new discoveries about the packaging of DNA in nucleosomes, revealing how genes are turned on and off. The study found that DNA unwrapping occurs rapidly around certain regions, allowing proteins to bind with specific target sites.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic identified mutations linked to immune response to the measles vaccine, which could enable physicians to prescribe appropriate doses and timing based on routine genetic screening blood tests. The study's findings also have implications for the development of more effective vaccines and personalized vaccination.
A recent study published in Science found that tropical forests' variability is attributed to historical and geological processes rather than current ecology. The research team collected data at sites worldwide, revealing similarities in biodiversity patterns between tropical rainforests and temperate regions.
UC Berkeley researchers successfully decoded and reconstructed people's dynamic visual experiences by watching Hollywood movie trailers. The breakthrough technology can eventually be used to understand what goes on in the minds of stroke victims or coma patients, as well as enable brain-machine interfaces for people with cerebral palsy.
Researchers have found that brain wiring continues to develop well into our 20s, with structural changes in the white matter being detected in healthy adults using magnetic resonance imaging. This challenges the long-held belief that brain development stops at adolescence.
Researchers from Arizona State University examine the lack of evidence supporting single-sex schooling's benefits, citing increased gender stereotyping and institutional sexism instead. They argue that separating boys and girls can reinforce stereotypes and hinder positive interactions.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum have developed a method to manipulate individual electrons, enabling the transportation of an electron from one quantum dot to another using a sound wave. This breakthrough has significant implications for the development of more powerful computers.
A new study by Brown University toxicologists found that male mice exposed to high doses of BPA during pregnancy showed no signs of harm to their testes as adults. The researchers suggest that the mother's metabolism may detoxify much of the BPA, reducing exposure to the fetus.
A new study found that transplant patients can safely minimize calcineurin inhibitors, reducing toxicity while preventing organ rejection in the short-to-medium period after transplantation. The strategy improves kidney function without causing rejection, offering a safer alternative for some patients.
The article argues that the US needs an educational system that supports talented children better. Academically talented young people need mental skills training like athletes and artistic performers to handle pressure and success. The current system rarely provides such opportunities.
Researchers studied individual phase slips in aluminum nanowires, observing the nature and temperature at which they occur. The findings provide information to build ultra-thin superconducting wires without phase slips, which could play a role in ultra-miniaturized electronics.
Researchers have discovered a method to visualize gene number and protein expression in individual cells, potentially leading to clearer understandings of cancer and complex diseases. The fluorescent in situ gene protein assay combines FISH and in situ proximity ligation to resolve individual protein molecules.
Solar activity impacts UARS satellite re-entry due to changes in thermosphere density caused by sunspots and solar flares. The satellite's predicted re-entry time is uncertain due to the dynamic environment, with ongoing solar events potentially affecting its trajectory.
Researchers developed a new chip using SPIDER technology to measure ultrafast optical pulse intensity and phase without expensive equipment. The breakthrough paves the way for applications in metrology and optical telecommunications.
A study from UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine has illuminated a critical step in demethylation, giving stem cell researchers information to reprogram adult cells. The disappearance of chemical tags is a passive process, not catalyzed by an enzyme.
The UN summit declaration on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is deemed underwhelming due to its lack of tangible targets and voluntary approach, reflecting national and industry interests. The Editorial calls for bold action from individual countries to tackle the biggest health challenge facing future generations.
Charlie Duke, a Hall of Fame astronaut, presented the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation's largest monetary award to OU student Bradley Pirtle. The $10,000 scholarship recognizes Pirtle's exceptional performance in computer engineering and his commitment to pursuing a Ph.D. in computer science.
A meta-analysis of 50 years of research finds no difference in cooperation between men and women in social dilemmas, but men are more cooperative than women in same-sex studies. Women's lower cooperation may be linked to evolutionary pressures, such as sexual competition among co-wives.
Research found that wolves and elk avoided high-quality habitat near trails with human activity above two persons per hour, suggesting a refuge zone for elk from predators. Thresholds of human activity on trails lead to wildlife disturbance and ecological change, according to the study.
A new study published in Science journal challenges the long-held hypothesis that a relationship exists between plant biomass production and the number of coexisting plant species. The research, led by Iowa State University scientists, found no evidence to support this correlation, contrary to decades of previous studies.
Researchers used a 16-foot-high steel bridge and four hydraulic shake tables to test the seismic behavior of a curved bridge with vehicles in place. The results will be used to frame changes to current codes and lead to safer bridges during strong earthquakes.
A study by Johns Hopkins researchers found a significant rise in serious prostate biopsy complications requiring hospitalization among Medicare beneficiaries. Hospital admission rates were two-fold higher among those who underwent a biopsy compared to controls, with infection-related complications on the rise since 2000.
A Group Health Research Institute study found that long-acting opioids and new opioid use are associated with a higher risk of pneumonia in older adults. Benzodiazepines do not seem to increase the risk, but it is crucial to look more closely at opioid prescriptions and infections.
Researchers at LSU and partners aim to sequence the genome of Atlantic killifish to discover genes supporting its high tolerance to pollutants. The study could advance understanding of genetic determinants of health and disease for both wild species and humans.
Bioengineers at UC Berkeley have successfully reprogrammed mature muscle tissue, a major breakthrough in combating muscle degeneration. The researchers used small molecule inhibitors to de-differentiate mature muscle cells, allowing them to revert back to an earlier stem cell stage.
Ceramics researchers at Lehigh University have obtained unprecedented atomic-scale images of grain boundaries in metals, revealing a bilayer phase transition that weakens the material. This discovery paves the way for scientists to prevent liquid metal embrittlement by strengthening chemical bonds.
Scientists have identified a novel type of antibody that works against pneumococcal bacteria by causing them to clump together, leading to the expression of genes that could kill some of their siblings. This finding could improve vaccines against pneumonia and reduce hospitalizations and deaths from pneumococcal disease.
Researchers identified the cellular origin of a rare form of breast cancer, metaplastic carcinomas, which originate from basal epithelial cell types. The study used mouse models and cancer-causing genes introduced into healthy breast cells to understand the cellular beginnings of cancer.
A new study reveals that wild animals like zebras can sometimes enhance cattle growth and production, especially during times of plenty. Grazing by zebras reduced weight gain for cattle in the dry season but increased it in the wet season due to improved grass quality.