The Journal of Medical Imaging will cover fundamental and translational research and applications focused on photonics in medical imaging. The journal will mirror the scope of the annual SPIE Medical Imaging symposium, covering topics such as imaging physics, tomographic reconstruction algorithms, image processing, and more.
A new study by Boston University School of Public Health researchers finds a robust correlation between estimated levels of gun ownership and actual gun homicides at the state level. The study, covering 30 years, found that each 1 percentage point increase in gun ownership is associated with a 0.9% increase in firearm homicide rate.
Researchers found that basic fibroblast growth factor and heparin promote differentiation of MSCs into motor neurons, increasing acetylcholine levels. This technology may prevent and treat muscular atrophy caused by peripheral nerve injury.
A review article by Kesidou et al. explores the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and its role in chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders. The study highlights the complex interplay between autophagy's protective and damaging effects, emphasizing the need for further research to fully understand its implications.
Researchers found that the average American can expect to live 2.4 more years with a healthy life, while a 65-year-old person gains 1.7 quality years. The study also identified troubling trends, including an increase in anxiety and problems with walking among younger Americans.
A new study compared individuals' perceptions of driving danger while sober and intoxicated, finding that sober knowledge does not guarantee responsible judgment. The research suggests that people may apply their sober knowledge to a hypothetical situation but struggle to apply it in real-life situations when impaired by alcohol.
Researchers found that autoimmune type 1 diabetes is distinct from type 2, but phenotypic features can't be clearly assigned to specific disease types. The DiMelli study suggests a continuum of forms and mixed diabetes phenotypes, requiring refined criteria for diagnosis and treatment.
A Kansas State University microbiologist has discovered a breakthrough medicinal compound that treats Candida albicans, a common human fungal pathogen. The nontoxic gymnemic acid compound blocks the virulence properties of the fungus, making it more treatable and reducing its risk to patients.
Researchers have determined the high-resolution atomic structure of a cell-surface receptor used by most strains of HIV to infect human immune cells. The study provides detailed insights into how HIV attaches to cells and blocks its entry, guiding the development of next-generation drugs.
Researchers have identified distinct molecular structures of beta-amyloid fibrils in Alzheimer's disease brains, which correlate with individual patient outcomes. These findings hold promise for developing patient-specific diagnostic imaging agents and treatments tailored to specific fibril structures.
Researchers at the University of Delaware are creating a fundamentally new approach to modeling hurricanes, integrating storm surge, wind speed, and flooding maps to inform evacuation decisions. The team hopes to reduce deaths and injuries by improving management of evacuation and shelter for hurricanes.
Researchers have determined the high-resolution structure of CCR5, one of two co-receptors used by HIV to enter human cells. The study provides insights into how HIV fuses with cells and may aid in developing new drugs targeting this receptor.
Researchers are investigating the links between maternal nutrition, BPA exposure, and offspring obesity. Studies aim to understand how neural development in the womb can lead to overeating and obesity later in life.
Researchers have identified the ancient ancestor of the tulip tree line, which diverged from magnolias over 100 million years ago. The discovery sheds light on the evolution of this iconic Eastern North American species.
The QPE team studied the impact of Typhoon Morakot on the East China Sea, examining freshwater run-off, upwelling, and biogeochemistry. They also investigated internal waves, measuring their size, shape, and direction using sonar to track plankton movement.
Hundreds of fires burning in Mozambique and Madagascar were detected by NASA's MODIS satellite on September 11, 2013. The majority of the fires occurred in grass or cropland and are believed to be part of deliberate land management practices.
The Okanagana viridis cicada is a newly studied species found in the temperate deciduous forests of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas. Its distinct song features irregular doublet or triplet pulses, lasting for 30 seconds.
Researchers developed a novel DiaRem score to predict likelihood of diabetes remission after gastric bypass surgery. The score considers four factors: insulin use, age, haemoglobin A1c concentration, and type of anti-diabetic drugs.
Astronomers have discovered a massive population of globular clusters within Abell 1689, the largest number ever found. The study reveals that this galaxy cluster could contain over 160,000 globulars, with 10,000 identified in Hubble observations.
A new type of organocatalyst, using halogen bridges, is introduced as a potentially environmentally friendlier alternative to existing catalysts. This catalyst shows special properties that open up new avenues for application in organic reactions.
The American Chemical Society's National Meeting features groundbreaking research on targeting cancer stem cells and advancing anti-cancer drugs. Additionally, scientists discuss the chemistry behind high-speed racing and strategies to increase diversity in STEM fields.
Researchers find unprecedented rate and scale of ocean acidification in the Arctic, driven by rapidly melting sea ice. This process threatens the health of the Arctic ecosystem and species that rely on calcium carbonate for survival.
Researchers at ETH Zurich developed an internal combustion engine that achieves fuel efficiency of less than 2.4l per 100km while emitting less than half the CO2 compared to traditional engines. The natural gas-diesel hybrid engine uses sophisticated control engineering and innovative electronic combustion control.
A genetic study has identified a network of genes involved in establishing left-right asymmetry in developing embryos, which may influence handedness. The researchers found correlations between handedness and variants in the PCSK6 gene, which is involved in early embryo development.
Researchers propose a new spatio-temporal model to investigate molecular cloud fluctuations and their pulsational dynamics. The model takes into account nonlinear gravito-electrostatic coupling, helping elucidate basic features of cloud collapse, star formation, and galactic structures.
Researchers at Princeton University found that sea creatures follow 'climate velocity,' or temperature changes, to relocate. The study used 43 years of data on 128 million animals from 360 species in North America, revealing correlations between temperature changes and shifts in depth and latitude.
Researchers found that defects in the NF1/Ras molecular pathway trigger production of harmful oxidative nitric oxide molecules in glial brain cells, leading to behavioral issues. Antioxidant treatment reversed symptoms in mouse models of NF1 and Costello syndrome, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for related human conditions.
A study resolves Darwin's dilemma by explaining the Cambrian explosion as a result of 5x faster evolutionary rates. This suggests that natural selection can produce rapid changes in animal body plans and habits.
Research suggests that prenatal alcohol exposure can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome by affecting the production of ceramide, a key signal transduction molecule involved in cellular processes. This study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying fetal alcohol syndrome.
Biological societies are experiencing declining membership, with smaller organizations hit hardest. The American Institute of Biological Sciences survey highlights the need for these organizations to adapt to changing dynamics in 21st century science.
Carnegie Mellon researchers used Twitter analysis to predict NFL game outcomes and found a 55% accurate method for beating the spread. However, their analysis was limited by the rapidly changing nature of Twitter and the skill of sports books in setting point spreads.
Tropical Storm Gabrielle regained strength after being weakened by southwesterly wind shear. Another low-pressure system, System 93L, is expected to develop in the Gulf of Mexico, with favorable environmental conditions for its formation.
Researchers develop Lévy flight-based model to analyze criminal movement, revealing optimal strategy for maximizing crime hotspots. The model provides insights into the relationship between step sizes and hotspot formation, shedding light on the complex dynamics of burglary hotspots.
The Field Museum is receiving a $115,000 grant to digitize 75,000 fern herbarium specimens from the Americas and digitally photograph 7,000 fossilized ferns from North America. This project will also provide training opportunities for graduate and undergraduate interns to participate in collection digitizing activities.
A study by Washington State University researchers found that two softballs with different properties can result in significantly different injury risks when hit at high speeds. The team developed a virtual head model using Thums, a computerized skeletal system, to simulate collisions and quantify the effects of ball-impact.
Voyager 1 has entered interstellar space, leaving the heliosphere and entering a region of cold, dark space. The spacecraft's plasma density measurements suggest it crossed the heliopause in August 2012, marking a significant technological achievement and a new chapter in human scientific endeavors.
A study found that young adult individuals with co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders, referred to as dual diagnosis (DD), show similar benefits compared to those diagnosed only with a substance use disorder. Despite worse abstinence rates, DD patients who actively participate in 12-step programs experience benefits.
A genomic study found that Salmonella populations in humans and animals living side by side have distinct genetic variations, challenging the notion that local animals are a primary source of antibiotic-resistant infections. The research also revealed greater diversity in antibiotic resistance genes in human-infecting bacteria.
Researchers have discovered a microbe called S. pombe that can escape aging when treated well and reproduce by splitting into two halves with new fully-functional material. The team found that under favourable growth conditions, the yeast is immune to aging and produces offspring that are younger than the parent.
Researchers at Salk Institute use salt-sniffing roundworms to show how the nervous system processes sensory information, revealing a complex interplay between neurons and signaling molecules. Insulin is identified as a key player in mediating this process, acting rapidly to transfer information from one neuron to another.
The NIH's Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases program aims to develop treatments for rare diseases affecting fewer than 200,000 Americans. Four new pre-clinical projects target retinitis pigmentosa, hypoparathyroidism and LEOPARD syndrome, marking the first use of stem cells and collaboration with Eli Lilly.
Children with high blood pressure readings are three times more likely to develop the condition as adults. The study highlights the need for pediatricians to regularly check blood pressure and weight in children.
Researchers attribute Arctic surface temperature variation from 1900 to present to a combination of greenhouse gas emissions, anthropogenic sulfate aerosols, and volcanic eruptions. The study demonstrates the importance of aerosols in climate forcing and sheds light on the environmental and economic impacts of Arctic climate change.
Researchers have identified a simple method to detect patients who hold onto excess sodium, which may lead to high blood pressure. This method involves taking a second urine sample and blood pressure measure during a doctor's visit.
A study of 1,256 Argentine women found plaque buildup was more common among those with type 2 diabetes. Researchers recommend screening for heart disease in younger women with type 2 diabetes to reduce the risk of heart attacks.
A new study found that children who retained sodium in their urine were more likely to develop high blood pressure. The test can help pediatricians manage and treat hypertension in patients, providing valuable information for early intervention.
A form of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) called exposure and ritual prevention has been shown to augment antidepressant treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with 80% of patients responding compared to 23% on antipsychotics. The therapy works by retraining the brain's habit-forming circuitry to unlearn compulsive rituals.
Scientists have developed a new method to non-invasively assess the health of painting canvases, similar to blood sugar testing without needles. This allows conservators to evaluate the brittleness of canvases and identify potential issues before they occur, improving the standard of management and care in galleries and museums.
The Uros populations of Peru and Bolivia possess a unique genetic ancestry that predates the arrival of Spanish conquistadors, potentially dating back to 3,700 years ago. Their divergent genetic lineage is distinct from surrounding Andean populations.
A study tracking 1,117 healthy adolescents found that obese children quadruple their risk of developing high blood pressure in adulthood. Overweight children double their risk. Healthy diet and exercise may help reduce this risk.
New research suggests that sadistic tendencies are a distinct aspect of personality, joining psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism to form a 'Dark Tetrad'. Studies reveal that individuals with high levels of sadism experience pleasure from causing or observing others' suffering.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have identified curved cog-like strips of opposing 'teeth' in the hind-leg joints of a plant-hopping insect, demonstrating precise synchronicity in leg movement. This natural gear mechanism bears remarkable engineering resemblance to those found on bicycles and car gear-boxes.
Researchers measured evolution rates during the Cambrian explosion, resolving 'Darwin's dilemma' and explaining the sudden appearance of modern animal groups. The study found that moderately accelerated evolution was sufficient to explain the emergence of arthropods.
A new study from Rice University finds that women are more likely to disapprove of and participate in anti-corruption efforts in countries where corruption is publicly condemned. However, the relationship between gender and corruption depends on institutional context.
A new study warns that current global climate change pledges will lead to increased water scarcity, affecting 668 million people worldwide. The research also reveals that a further 11% of the global population will live in water-scarce river basins or experience aggravated effects in existing regions.
A new study by Harvard researchers found that Americans can look forward to over two extra years of healthy life compared to the past. The study analyzed data from multiple government-sponsored health surveys and found improvements in overall health, with reduced symptoms of disease and increased vitality.
A new study found that specific genomic regions control the tendency of fish to school and their ability to do so effectively. The research has potential implications for understanding complex human social behavior, suggesting a possible genetic link between fish and humans.
A new study finds that delaying climate policy could lead to increased short-term mitigation costs, higher energy prices, and reduced emission reductions. If climate policies are delayed beyond 2030, global energy price levels may increase by 80% in the short term.
University of Iowa researchers confirm Voyager 1's entry into interstellar space after detecting electron plasma oscillations at a frequency corresponding to an electron density about 40 times greater than expected. The spacecraft is now the most distant human-made object at over 11.6 billion miles from the sun.
Researchers discovered that Porphyromonas gingivalis produces an enzyme that enhances collagen-induced arthritis, leading to earlier onset and greater severity of rheumatoid arthritis. The bacteria worsens joint destruction by changing proteins into citrulline, triggering an immune attack.