A community of microscopic algae and bacteria thrives within Arctic and Antarctic pack ice, secreting large quantities of gels that affect the physical structure within the ice and how carbon travels to the ocean floor. The gels also influence weather patterns by acting as cloud condensing nuclei.
Researchers have developed a measurement tool to assess market power in deregulated electricity markets, taking into account emerging smart grid phenomena. The tool, called transmission constrained network flow, unifies existing measures and provides a unified view of market power potential under varying operating conditions.
The partnership aims to develop a new generation of social scientists trained to address the HIV epidemic in South Africa. The collaboration will focus on areas such as gender, antiretroviral therapy adherence and prevention for women, youth and families.
Researchers at UCSF have identified a new way to manipulate the immune system that may keep it from attacking the body's own molecules in autoimmune diseases. The study discovered a distinctive type of immune cell called eTAC, which puts a damper on immune responses and prevents autoimmune diabetes in mice.
A new study by Emory University researchers found that men with smaller testes tend to be more involved in hands-on childcare, while those with larger testes are less involved. The study suggests that the biology of human males reflects a trade-off between investments in mating and parenting effort.
Researchers have demonstrated that the amino acid arginine significantly improves glucose metabolism in both lean and obese mice. The study found that arginine increases the body's production of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an intestinal hormone that plays a key role in regulating appetite and glucose metabolism.
Researchers have developed a cheap and non-invasive breath test to diagnose lung cancer, which has been shown to correctly identify lung cancer patients with high sensitivity. The technique uses an electronic nose to detect volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath samples.
A study found a link between early-onset Parkinson's disease and a genetic deletion on chromosome 22, shedding light on molecular changes that lead to the disease. The deletion is associated with abnormal protein accumulations in the brain and may delay diagnosis by up to 10 years.
New research reveals that large labor wards with 3,000 to 3,999 deliveries annually have lower obstetric injury claims and higher approval rates compared to smaller units. The study found that greater availability of in-house obstetricians and auxiliary specialists contributes to better patient outcomes.
Researchers present electronic sutures that monitor surgical incisions, heart-monitoring films, and skin-applied hydration sensors. The symposium explores nanoscale materials for revolutionary healthcare innovations.
A recent study under realistic field conditions found reassuringly low levels of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in crops grown with treated wastewater for irrigation. Leafy vegetables absorbed the highest amounts of PPCPs, including a medication for epilepsy; triclosan, an anti-bacterial ingredient; and caffeine.
Researchers combine protein sequencing, amino acid composition and RNA analysis to develop unique materials with self-healing properties. Novel proteins like Suckerin-39 allow for reshaping and remolding of elastomers.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have made a significant breakthrough in cryptography, developing a new protocol that enables fast and secure Multi-Party Computation. This allows for complex computations on secret data without revealing inputs, with potential applications in finance, pharmaceuticals, and other industries.
A new FINDER technology uses microwave radar to detect human breathing patterns and heartbeats in rubble. The system is sensitive enough to locate victims buried under 30 feet of debris, revolutionizing search and rescue operations.
A new study found that a home-based program improved household routines, slowing weight gain in young children. The 'Healthy Habits, Happy Homes' program encouraged families to have regular meals together, ensure adequate sleep, and limit screen time.
A preclinical study found that VBP15 decreases inflammation in mice with symptoms similar to those found in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The drug protects and strengthens muscle without the side effects linked to current treatments.
A new study reconstructs climate in the South Pacific over the past 446 years, revealing more dramatic rainfall variability before the start of the 20th century. The researchers found a roughly 50-year cycle of rainfall in Vanuatu, with significant differences between wet and dry periods.
Children's National Hospital has received a five-year NIH grant to identify reliable early signs of prenatal brain injury in congenital heart disease. The study aims to develop non-invasive methods to detect high-risk cases before birth, opening windows for new treatments to prevent impaired brain development.
A new study reveals that nearly one in five older adults experience emergency department visits within a month of common surgeries, with significant variation between hospitals. Hospitals can use this measure to assess their quality of care and focus on preventing post-surgery emergencies.
Scientists at A*STAR's Genome Institute of Singapore have discovered a protein mediator SON plays a critical role in the health and proper functioning of human embryonic stem cells. The study found that splicing factors, including SON, are key regulators of hESC maintenance.
The Indy 500 has switched to a fuel containing 85% ethanol, which reduces air pollutants and releases mainly carbon dioxide and water vapor. Studies have shown that using fuels composed of more than 85% ethanol reduce sulfur emissions by 80%, carbon monoxide by 40%, particulate matter by 20%, VOCs by 15%, and nitrogen oxides by 10%.
Researchers found young adults have strong emotional connections to the music popular during their parents' younger years. This phenomenon is linked to the prevalence of music in home environments and childhood experiences.
Researchers discovered that degeneration of the fornix, a structure carrying messages to and from the hippocampus, is a key predictor of future cognitive decline. Fornix variables were found to precede clinically relevant deterioration of cognitive function in cognitively normal elderly individuals.
A comprehensive review of caffeine dependence highlights the prevalence of addiction and suggests an agenda for future research to improve understanding and treatment options. The study emphasizes the need for continued investigation into caffeine's impact on human health, particularly in relation to mental and physical well-being.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology study a large cloud of atoms and find that disorder spreads with a certain velocity, leading to the loss of quantum properties. As the disorder grows, a temperature emerges in the system, mirroring classical behavior.
Recent advances have enabled electric vehicles (EVs) to achieve sustained speeds of over 180 miles per hour and establish world speed records above 300 mph. EVs have inherent advantages in efficiency and torque, with energy storage-to-torque being above 90 percent efficient compared to less than 35 percent for internal combustion engines.
A new camera system, TextureCam, allows future Mars rovers to prioritize their scientific objectives and explore more distant worlds. The system uses machine learning algorithms to recognize rocks, sand, and sky in photos, enabling autonomous decision-making and increased autonomy.
A study by Evan Fletcher and colleagues found that white matter loss in the fornix may be an early sign of cognitive decline in healthy elderly individuals. Changes in fornix volume were highly significant predictors of cognitive deterioration.
The American Chemical Society's presidential symposium discusses various career paths for scientists, including academia, business and industry, government, societies and associations, and venture capital. The symposium aims to provide career advancement opportunities for chemists and scientists.
Researchers found that whiskey samples can contain hundreds of nonvolatile compounds, resulting in complex molecular mingling during aging. The deliberate chemistry experiment revealed a treasure trove of information useful for whiskey-makers and regulators.
Researchers found that combining gefitinib with methotrexate treatment effectively cured ectopic pregnancies and reduced the need for surgery, potentially improving fertility outcomes.
Scientists have identified genes responsible for bedbug pesticide resistance, enabling them to thrive in homes and hotels. The discovery highlights the need for a multi-faceted approach to manage bedbug infestations, including integrated pest management and non-chemical measures.
A multi-institutional study found that a unique quality improvement methodology can effectively evaluate chest pain in children using minimal resources. The Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plans (SCAMPs) algorithm identified cardiac causes of chest pain while reducing testing utilization, with only 1% of patients having...
Scientists aim to treat diseases by creating medicines that replace missing proteins, inspired by artificial limbs. A new platform simplifies the synthesis of small molecules, reducing production time from months or years to days.
A new nonprofit initiative aims to bridge the gap between laboratory discoveries and clinical trials, tackling the 'Valley of Death' in drug development. Emory University's DRIVE program invests in promising compounds with potential to become new drugs.
Researchers discovered that symbiotic bacteria inside beetles suppress plant defenses against chewing insects, allowing beetles to thrive. The findings suggest a new way plants can be vulnerable to insect attacks.
A national ad campaign by the CDC's Tips From Former Smokers program more than doubled its original quit goal of 500,000 attempts, with over 1.6 million smokers attempting to quit after seeing the ads. The campaign resulted in over 100,000 Americans quitting smoking permanently, saving millions of years of life for the US population.
The magazine has remained committed to providing reliable news and analysis on the chemical enterprise. CEN's evolution reflects changing reader preferences for obtaining news and information about chemistry.
A 15-year study at Cleveland Clinic found that 72.5% of previously statin-intolerant patients could take statins on subsequent trials. Even those who couldn't tolerate daily dosing benefited from taking the drug less often.
A new study from Harvard School of Public Health found that blacks are more likely to sleep less than seven hours a night, increasing their risk of obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, and death. Black professionals had the highest prevalence of short sleep, while white professionals had the lowest.
Researchers at The University of Manchester and medical institutes in Italy have identified a gene variant associated with vasospasm, a rare cause of heart attacks. This discovery could lead to the development of new drugs to treat this condition.
Scientists have developed a new filtering system to remove carbon dioxide from electric power station smokestacks, inspired by the efficient lungs of birds and the swim bladders of fish. The technology uses an array of tubes with porous membranes, which can capture up to 50% more CO2 than existing methods.
A study found that 11% of ICU patients received treatments perceived by physicians as 'futile', with high costs and poor outcomes. The majority of patients received appropriate care, but many were given aggressive therapies without expected benefits.
Researchers discover STING's critical role in treating autoimmune diseases by evoking expression of enzyme IDO, which blocks immune attack on healthy body constituents. Mice with STING deficiency had no response to DNA nanoparticles, highlighting the protein's essential role in recognizing the molecule that senses DNA.
A study by sociologist Junchen Yan found that young Chinese employees are disappointed with career opportunities in Western companies, citing flat hierarchies and limited promotion. The researcher suggests that companies should improve their communication with employees regarding career objectives and work on increasing their image in ...
Researchers have discovered the unique properties of Morpho butterfly wings that can be used to develop innovative technologies. The study found that the physical structure and surface chemistry of the wings provide surprising properties for applications such as photonic security tags, sensors and self-cleaning surfaces.
A recent study published in Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health found that men are at a higher risk of developing physical illnesses compared to women. Having a mental illness increases the risk by 10 times, with women experiencing a physical illness a year earlier than men.
Researchers identified a gene mutation that predisposes children to the most common form of childhood leukemia. The PAX5 mutation was found in multiple generations of two families, leading to a marked reduction of normal PAX5 activity in leukemia cells.
UCI researchers develop a biomimetic infrared camouflage coating using squid protein reflectin, allowing it to mimic the dynamic coloration and reflectance of squid skin. The material can disappear and reappear when visualized with an infrared camera.
Scientists have developed a new way to analyze archived biopsy samples for exposure to carcinogenic substances, providing insights into the role of environment in cancer risk. The breakthrough enables broader use of stored tissue samples to study human exposure and DNA damage.
Scientists present innovative approaches to reduce hazardous substances in production processes, using renewable materials and minimizing waste. The symposium features topics such as banana-peel powder removal of toxic metals from water and sustainable nanoparticle production.
Scientists at Queen Mary University of London discovered a novel nanoparticle with magnetic properties, revealing potential applications in battery technology and cancer therapies. The sea urchin-shaped nanoparticles consist of iron-filled nanotubes with unique properties that can be manipulated for various uses.
The largest ever study of NHS culture and behavior found that high-quality care is often hindered by unclear goals, excessive box ticking, and variable staff support. The analysis identified 'dark spots' of poor care and highlighted the need for clear goals, good intelligence on performance, and person-centered cultures.
The World Happiness Report 2013 reveals six key factors explaining national happiness, including real GDP per capita, healthy life expectancy, and freedom from corruption. The report also shows significant changes in happiness levels over time, with some countries rising and others falling.
A recent study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that critically ill patients often receive futile treatment, with estimated costs of $2.6 million over three months. The most common reason for perceiving treatment as futile was the significant burden it placed on the patient's quality of life.
A study projects how climate change affects West Nile virus-carrying mosquitoes across the southern US, with changes varying by region. Warmer temperatures and drier conditions may lead to longer mosquito seasons but smaller summer populations.
University of Cincinnati researchers have made early discoveries on converting waste coffee grounds into energy sources, including biodiesel and activated carbon. The process involves extracting oil, drying the grounds, and burning what's left as an alternative energy source, with promising results in reducing emissions.
A study published by JAMA Pediatrics found that improving household routines associated with obesity can increase sleep duration and reduce TV viewing among low-income, minority children. The intervention also resulted in a decrease in body mass index (BMI) over six months.
Researchers at NYU and USC have developed a synthetic molecule that targets the interaction between two proteins, preventing tumor growth. The approach presents a new frontier in cancer research, offering potential for the treatment of various human diseases.
A new analysis confirms the importance of regular mammography screening in reducing breast cancer deaths, especially among younger women. The study found that 71% of confirmed breast cancer deaths occurred in the 20% of patients who did not receive annual mammograms.