Researchers found that partition dependence, where breaking down possible outcomes into specific intervals, leads people to overestimate the likelihood of certain events. This bias was observed in various prediction markets, including lab experiments and natural markets, such as horse racing.
A new online risk calculator estimates an individual's likelihood of treatment resistance to antidepressants, providing a graphical estimate based on statistical patterns from the STAR*D study. The calculator aims to help clinicians design personalized treatment plans for patients with depression.
New studies examine how people react to terrorist threats, gamble for money vs suspense, and the link between sex motivation and satisfaction. Additionally, research challenges traditional birth order theories and reveals attentional biases in shopping situations.
Researchers found lower dopamine levels in long-term cannabis users compared to non-users, suggesting a possible link between cannabis use and motivation issues. The study also suggests that cannabis use may be the cause of altered dopamine systems, which could explain increased risk of mental illnesses like schizophrenia.
A study found that biological tumor necrosis factor inhibitors did not significantly reduce work loss compared to conventional treatment in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Early and aggressive treatment can help reverse increasing work loss days, but the cost of infliximab outweighs its benefits.
Scientists have identified four pathways involved in the formation of myofibroblasts that drive destructive runaway scarring in organs. These pathways provide leads for drug targets to control fibrosis.
A study of 582 patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) found SBRT to be safe and effective, with a three-year freedom from local progression rate of 79.6%. The biological effective dosage was the most significant factor influencing outcomes.
The American Thoracic Society has released a statement on adult and pediatric controlled organ donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD), aiming to guide stakeholders involved in the process. The statement emphasizes respect for dying patients and their families, while promoting the recovery of viable organs.
A study by Princeton University researchers found that altitude sickness influences ethnic demographics in nations with steep terrain. The Han Chinese population tends to settle lower than 8,900 feet above sea level, while Tibetan settlements only begin at higher elevations, suggesting a direct effect of altitude on settlement patterns.
Researchers at the University of Montreal found that a liver protein plays a crucial role in pregnancy and the human menstrual cycle. The study, published in Nature Medicine, showed that mice genetically engineered to lack the protein had defective placentas and failed pregnancies.
Researchers found that fine emotional learning tasks produce greater learning specificity in mice, improving pitch discrimination abilities. The study established a link between emotions and perception of the world, with effects mediated by brain regions including the amygdala and auditory cortex.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have identified two genetically-defined groups of nerve cells in the spinal cord that control limb alternation at different speeds of locomotion. The study found that these cell populations are essential for normal gait, and their removal disrupts the animals' ability to walk.
A major step forward in understanding plant gene regulation has been made with the creation of a genomic map that localizes regulatory regions in plant genomes. This map will help scientists identify key genomic regions controlling traits important to farmers.
A team from UNIGE developed a biotechnology that enables the direct observation of 'clock genes' in mice for several months. This allows researchers to study molecular mechanisms that regulate internal clocks and their impact on various biological functions.
A team of scientists at Scripps Research Institute identified a family of tiny RNA molecules that work as powerful regulators of the immune response in mammals. These RNA molecules enable the differentiation of T cells into follicular helper T cells, which assist B cells in producing antibodies.
A recent study found that lack of ventilation, gas cooking fuel, dampness, new furniture, and certain flooring materials are associated with an increased risk of pneumonia among children in modern apartments. The research also suggests that family allergies and non-parental childcare can contribute to the development of pneumonia.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a diamond catalyst that efficiently converts nitrogen to ammonia under ambient conditions. The new technique, which uses synthetic industrial diamond, reduces energy consumption by up to 2% compared to traditional methods.
Cancer originates from a default genetic 'safe mode', where cells revert to an ancient programming, leading to uncontrolled proliferation. The theory suggests that cancer-causing genes are reactivated in adulthood due to triggers like chemicals or radiation, adding weight to the radical new idea.
A study published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization found that tobacco control measures can prevent 7.4 million premature deaths by 2050. The measures, known as MPOWER, are evidence-based and have been implemented in 41 countries with significant success.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a matchbox-sized device that can test for bacterial presence in just a couple of minutes. This method uses nano-levers and lasers to detect metabolic activity, allowing for fast and accurate diagnosis of effective antibiotic treatment.
A new tree-ring record reveals El Niño was unusually active in the late 20th century, suggesting a response to global warming. This finding has implications for climate models and predictions of future ENSO activity.
Chemists discovered that quantum tunnelling enables alcohol reactions in space to occur vigorously at minus 210 degrees Celsius, 50 times faster than at room temperature. The phenomenon allows for the creation of methoxy radicals under extreme cold conditions, shedding light on complex molecule formation in interstellar space.
The World Health Organization's new guidelines call for immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all HIV-infected children under five years of age. DNDi and Cipla are expediting the development of urgently needed 4-in-1 ARVs adapted for babies and toddlers with HIV, to be delivered by 2015.
A new colorimetric detection technology can quickly identify illegal cooking oils using phase transfer technology, with an accurate rate of 95.7% in blind tests. The method is a cost-effective process and has high application potential in civilian fields.
A Loyola University Medical Center study found that statin-intolerant patients who received specialized lipid clinic care had significantly reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels. In contrast, those not referred to a lipid clinic showed minimal improvement in their cholesterol levels.
A new study found that children whose parents divorce early in life tend to have more insecure relationships with their parents as adults. The researchers also discovered that paternal relationships are more likely to be affected by divorce, possibly due to mothers being more likely to receive primary custody.
Researchers from Scripps Florida Institute have identified small molecules that can control a genetic defect responsible for myotonic dystrophy, a progressive muscle-wasting disease. By activating these compounds, scientists can study the long-term impact of the disease and potentially develop new therapies.
Researchers used detached-eddy simulations to study new vortical flows over a 76/40 double delta wing, finding a new type of cross-flow vortex that differs from other vortices. The vortex is caused by cross-flow instability and can cause local pressure distribution deviations.
Scientists discuss spillover of infectious diseases among wildlife, domestic animals and people; find links between environment and human health. The symposia will address human influences on viral and bacterial diseases through alteration of landscapes and ecological processes.
A study found that healthy adults with late bedtimes and chronic sleep restriction gained more weight than control subjects, likely due to increased caloric intake and fat consumption during late-night hours. The study also revealed gender and race differences in weight gain among sleep-restricted subjects.
Research finds that boat noise can scare fish away from their habitats, disrupting ecosystem balance. The study suggests regulating human activities in protected areas to mitigate the impact of noise pollution on marine communities.
Researchers at MIT have developed a system called Wi-Vi that uses low-cost Wi-Fi technology to track human movement through walls and closed doors. The system cancels out reflections from static objects, allowing it to detect only moving humans.
The USC-Lockheed Martin Quantum Computing Center has successfully demonstrated the functionality of a large-scale quantum optimization processor, with 128 qubits. The team verified that the device operates as a quantum processor, using quantum mechanics to solve optimization calculations.
A high HOXB13/IL17BR ratio in tumor tissue indicates increased risk of recurrence after tamoxifen therapy, but drops significantly if a patient receives letrozole. This biomarker can help identify patients who may benefit from extended treatment with letrozole.
Research found that longer initial prescriptions for cardiac medications after hospital discharge are associated with long-term adherence in elderly patients. The study suggests that longer prescriptions are more patient-centered and effective in preventing further cardiac events.
A recent study by University of South Florida researchers found that a cardiac hormone signaling receptor plays a key role in the link between inflammation and cancer-causing tumors. By blocking this receptor, scientists hope to develop new treatments that cut off tumor growth by cutting off blood supply. The research aims to create in...
A Korean team of mechanical engineers has created a novel nanoscale biosensing technique to detect uniform heat signatures from individual cells. This innovation allows for the measurement of cell viability and may lead to early diagnosis of diseases like cancer based on differences in thermal properties.
A new microscopy technique called Through-Focus Scanning Optical Microscopy (TSOM) can detect tiny differences in the three-dimensional shapes of circuit components. This enables the semiconductor industry to improve chips for the next decade or more by measuring features as small as 10 nanometers across.
Researchers have successfully transplanted human embryonic stem cells into monkeys with Parkinson's disease, demonstrating robust survival and integration of the cells. The study found that the gene expression of dopamine-producing neurons was transient after transplantation, highlighting the need for further research to optimize cell ...
Researchers at Turku Centre for Biotechnology and Aalto University have discovered a new epigenetic mechanism that regulates lymphocyte function. This breakthrough provides insight into the emergence of immune-mediated diseases such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
A new study finds that all existing coral reefs will be engulfed in inhospitable ocean chemistry conditions if civilization continues on its current emissions trajectory. Deep cuts in emissions are necessary to sustain even a fraction of existing reefs.
Researchers in Poland treated three paraplegic patients with transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells, showing improved spinal cord transmission and lower extremity muscle activity. The study found no adverse effects and modest improvements against intense neuro-rehabilitation.
A single systemic dose of dendritic cells prevented rejection for almost four months in a preclinical animal model of kidney transplantation. The treatment successfully regulated the immune system without side effects, allowing for longer organ survival.
A new report published in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics found that documented caloric requirements in medical records lead to higher caloric intake among critically ill children. Registered dietitians had a significant impact on nutritional outcomes, with over 95% determining the documented caloric requirement.
A young man experienced severe compartment syndrome in his shoulder due to excessive weightlifting, requiring surgery and hospitalization. The case report emphasizes the importance of recognizing unusual musculoskeletal injuries and highlights the role of bedside ultrasound in diagnosis.
Scientists from the Zoological Society of London reveal that Galapagos sea lion exposure to humans and pets impairs their immunity, making them more prone to starvation. The research suggests a link between human activity and the emergence of diseases in the Galapagos sea lion population.
Researchers developed an automated technique for analyzing field hockey team patterns using player roles rather than individual identities. The method was effective in detecting tactics, strategy, and style of play, even correcting errors in video tracking data.
A new study has found that pre-existing insomnia symptoms in military service members prior to deployments may be at greater risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety upon return. The study also identified short sleep duration as a significant risk factor for new-onset PTSD symptoms.
The longitudinal Rice University Portraits of American Life Study found that Americans are more respectful towards religious traditions, but also more divided on key social issues like marriage and abortion. The study also revealed shifts in moral reasoning and religious affiliation, with significant implications for politics and society.
Scientists have successfully synthesized ribosomes from scratch using a novel technology that mimics the natural process. This breakthrough enables the creation of functional ribosomes with exotic functions and could lead to the discovery of new antibiotics and modified protein-generators.
Researchers will use 30-meter resolution satellite images to identify eight different crops and changes in acreage over four decades, providing insights into climate change implications and carbon storage.
A study using ant experiments and mathematical modeling reveals flexible resource management and characteristic responses by group-living animals. The findings suggest a regime of chaos offers more options for groups than following environmental cycles.
A 25-year follow-up study reveals chronic iron deficiency in infancy is associated with poorer cognitive, motor, and social-emotional outcomes, including reduced educational attainment and lower emotional health.
A study found that autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation in patients with type 2 diabetes resulted in a significant reduction in insulin requirement. The treatment was associated with improved glycemic control, and the researchers suggest it may be a promising therapeutic option for managing the disease.
A team of scientists studied Psittacosaurus dinosaurs to understand their growth patterns. They found that arm bones grew fastest during the first few years of life, while leg bones experienced a massive growth spurt, eventually becoming twice as long as the arms.
Researchers confirm their 2008 model for mitochondrial function, which explains the symptoms of diseases and reveals the role of five molecular machines in converting energy. The study also highlights the dynamic nature of mitochondrial energy extraction, which can be optimized based on dietary composition.
A team of UCSF researchers discovered a sensory system in the foreleg of fruit flies that tells males whether a potential mate is from the same or different species. The Gr32a system prevents hybrids from forming, helping species preserve its identity.
A new study found that ethnic differences significantly impact insulin response, with East Asians showing improved insulin sensitivity but poorer insulin release. Healthy individuals of all ethnicities maintained normal glucose levels but did so differently, with some groups releasing more or less insulin in response to changes.
Scientists have developed a new method to discern molecular handedness using tiny nanocubes, which could improve drug development and optical sensors. The approach amplifies the difference in response to light between left- and right-handed molecules.
A new study suggests that non-invasive brain stimulation can significantly improve aphasia recovery in stroke survivors. The treatment was found to be most effective when administered early after the stroke, typically within five weeks, and showed a threefold improvement over sham stimulation in patients with anomia.