Researchers from Sweden have successfully identified 12 substances in the breath of patients using a commercially available breath sampler. The study found high detectability for most drugs even 24 hours after intake, suggesting roadside breath testing as a promising alternative to blood and urine tests.
The Naval Postgraduate School has won the 2013 UPS George D. Smith Prize for its effective and innovative preparation of students to be good practitioners of operations research. The prize recognizes the school's strong link to the US Department of Defense and its focus on applying methods to solve problems facing the military.
The researchers used a new technique that can probe a sample with an intense X-ray beam and deduce its state within seconds. They determined the melting point of iron up to 4800 degrees Celsius and 2.2 million atmospheres pressure, leading to the estimated temperature at the center of the Earth's core.
Researchers at Wake Forest University have created a novel solution to the challenges of organic semiconductors. The high-performance organic semiconductor 'spray paint' developed by Oana Jurchescu can be applied to large areas without compromising electric conductivity.
Scientists have discovered a mechanism to reactivate the tumor suppressor p53 in metastatic melanoma cells, which were previously silenced by proteins iASPP and MDM2. Treatment with a combination of small molecules JNJ-7706621 and Nutlin-3 restored p53 function and suppressed tumor growth in mice.
A meta-analysis of 70 studies found that negative parenting, including abuse and neglect, increases the risk of childhood bullying. Positive parenting behaviors, such as warmth and communication, reduce the risk. Overprotection may make children more vulnerable to bullying by preventing them from learning conflict resolution skills.
Researchers found that infection with nematodes reduced body weight by up to 15% in obese mice and lowered fasting blood glucose levels. The study suggests a potential therapeutic effect of nematode infection on metabolic disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease and allergies.
The European Union's current policies on genetically engineered crops are undermining its competitiveness and humanitarian activities in the developing world. The authors recommend adopting rational, science-based principles to prevent economic decline and lower standards of living across the continent.
A CU-Boulder study found that rats forced to exercise by mechanized wheels showed reduced anxiety levels compared to sedentary rats. Humans who feel forced to exercise may also benefit from the mental health benefits of physical activity.
A study found that humpback whales can learn new feeding techniques by observing others, with a new technique called lobtail feeding spreading to 40% of the population. This demonstrates the importance of cultural transmission in shaping whale behavior and cognition.
A team of scientists, including Dr Paul Brotherton from the University of Huddersfield, investigated haplogroup H mitochondrial genomes from ancient human remains to understand modern European populations. The results show a significant population upheaval around 4,000 BC, potentially due to large-scale migration or growth.
Scientists have developed a new family of selective antimicrobial agents that use synthetic colloid particles to recognize and inactivate specific types of bacteria. These 'colloid antibodies' show promise as a powerful tool against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
The BRAIN initiative aims to develop new tools to listen to conversations among millions of neurons in the brain. The project could establish a basis for new treatments for clinical depression, autism, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and other brain conditions.
William Beaumont's 238 experiments with Alexis St. Martin, a fur trader who suffered an accidental gunshot wound in 1822, form the basis of early knowledge on digestion. He discovered hydrochloric acid and proposed the existence of pepsin, a key digestive chemical.
A Canadian lynx, a carnivorous predator twice the size of a domestic cat, was found to have prowled the British countryside at the turn of the last century. The discovery provides evidence against a popular hypothesis that wild cats entered the country following the 1976 Wild Animals Act.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that listeners gauge a speaker's body size from their voice frequency, quality, and formant spacing. Deep male voices and high-pitched female voices are perceived as more attractive due to their association with smaller body sizes.
Recent studies demonstrate encouraging data for direct-acting antiviral agents in a wide range of HCV patient populations. The trials showed high SVR12 rates and low adverse events, with some regimens achieving up to 90% success rate, offering new treatment options for patients with genotype 1, 4, 5, or 6.
Researchers used high-quality video imaging to investigate why a particular cancer drug is effective at killing cells. The study found that the drug creates a cluster of protein molecules on one side of the cell, making it easier for natural killer cells to kill it.
Researchers report success with Sirolimus treatment, minimizing seizures and improving language function in Pretzel syndrome children. The study's findings have implications for related neurodevelopmental disorders like tuberous sclerosis complex.
A study at Lund University found that drinking two or more cups of coffee daily may reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence in patients taking Tamoxifen. Caffeine has been shown to hamper cancer cell growth and activate Tamoxifen, making it more efficient.
Researchers used DBS to stimulate the nucleus accumbens, a region involved in reward, and found significant reduction in binge-eating behavior in mice. The study suggests that activity in the brain's reward centers drives overeating despite known negative health consequences.
By 2030, heart failure costs are projected to exceed $70 billion, with 8 million people affected, up from 5 million in 2012. Improved prevention and treatment strategies are needed to address this growing burden.
The newly described species Tinkerbella nana is the smallest known fairyfly, with a body length of only 155μm. Its aerodynamic features are thought to aid in reducing turbulence and drag during flight.
Researchers demonstrate rapid and sensitive identification of specific Candida species directly from whole blood using T2Candida, reducing mortality rate to 11%. The breakthrough approach enables fast detection in approximately three hours, outperforming current gold standard methods.
A study by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute found that nearly two-thirds of children receiving stem cell transplants were readmitted to the hospital within six months for treatment of unexplained fevers, infections or other problems. Children who received donor cells were twice as likely to be readmitted compared to those with their own st...
A recent study found that living in the 'stroke belt' during teenage years significantly increases future stroke risk. People who spent their teenage years in the region were 17% more likely to have a stroke in later life compared to those who did not.
A study published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology found that the microbial population in NYC subway air is nearly identical to ambient air on city streets. The researchers used new methodologies, including fast collection of aerosols and rapid sequencing technology, to efficiently monitor the subway's microbial population.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that clenching the right fist before memorizing information strengthens the memory, while clenching the left fist before recalling improves verbal recall. Researchers suggest this effect may be due to brain regions associated with memory formation being activated by hand-clenching.
A team of researchers has successfully developed a method to breach the blood-brain barrier using the nasal lining, allowing for higher molecular weight drug delivery to the central nervous system. This breakthrough opens up new treatment options for neurodegenerative and CNS diseases affecting millions of people worldwide.
A new study published in Significance magazine assesses how precision agriculture can improve the farming economy and crop quality, ensuring food security. Geostatistics is used to map and predict soil properties, allowing farmers to apply inputs like fertilizers and pesticides more efficiently.
Researchers used fluorescent cell labeling to determine when precursor cells develop into pancreatic beta cells. They found no evidence of neogenesis in adult mice, contradicting previous assumptions about beta cell creation. This discovery has significant implications for understanding diseases like diabetes.
New research from the University of Southampton has found that ultrafine dust particles in underground railway environments are rich in metals, posing a potential health risk. The tiny particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and potentially enter underlying tissue and the circulation.
A large-scale trial found that integrated 2D and 3D screening detected more cancers and reduced false positives compared to 2D screening alone. The study showed a rate of 5.3 cancers per 1,000 screens detected by 2D screening versus 8.1 with combined 2D and 3D screening.
A new study found that a commonly used US stem cell transplant regimen for advanced neuroblastoma in children was associated with more acute toxicity, particularly to the kidneys and liver. The study informed the recent decision of the Children's Oncology Group to switch to an equally effective European approach.
Long-term exposure to air pollution may be linked to heart attacks and strokes by speeding up atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. Higher concentrations of fine particulate air pollution were found to be linked to faster thickening of the inner two layers of the common carotid artery.
Researchers from Southern Methodist University found that high-volume Bitcoin exchanges are less likely to fail but more likely to suffer a security breach. The study analyzed 40 exchanges and found that those with higher transaction volumes were less likely to shut down but more prone to breaches, posing a risk to customers' funds.
Scientists at UC San Diego discovered eight genes in fruit fly Drosophila that are also involved in wound healing in humans. These genes, which regulate biological processes in the fly's exoskeleton, may lead to new treatments for skin conditions like psoriasis and diabetic ulcers.
A clinical study in over 4,000 subjects found a correlation between high blood levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and increased future risks of death, nonfatal heart attack, or stroke. TMAO is produced when intestinal bacteria digest phosphatidylcholine, commonly found in animal products.
In a surprising finding, researchers found that pikas prefer vegetation grazed on by caterpillars, which acts as natural fertilizer. This unusual partnership could have long-term implications for competition and food resources in northern mountain environments.
A new study reveals that ants alter the sugar-chemistry of flowers they visit by transmitting yeast to the nectar. This change affects subsequent pollinator visitations and may impact plant fitness. The research suggests a complex interaction between plants, yeasts, and pollinators.
Researchers analyze growth process of brinicles, hollow tubes of ice growing downward into cold seawater near the Earth's poles. The study suggests brinicles could have fostered emergence of life on Earth billions of years ago and may be important for life on other planets with ice-covered oceans
Scientists have discovered that dietary medium chain triglycerides (MCT) can prevent the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with obesity and type II diabetes. MCT substitution for polyunsaturated fat reduces liver fat accumulation and progression of injury, suggesting a potential future therapy.
A Boston Children's Hospital study correlates Facebook users' interests with obesity rates in cities and neighborhoods nationwide. The research suggests that areas with higher percentages of activity-related interests have lower obesity rates, while those with more television-related interests have higher rates.
Researchers found targeted screening for hepatitis C to be cost-effective in populations with a higher estimated prevalence rate. The study showed that screening followed by guideline-based treatment can save $47,000 per quality-adjusted life year.
A new LED streetlight design harnesses high-efficiency LEDs to provide uniform illumination while minimizing light pollution and glare. The design achieves an optical utilization factor of 51-81 percent, reducing light pollution by up to a fifth.
A new study in the Amazon finds that deep, permeable soils can act as a natural buffer against the negative impacts of crop fertilizer on nearby streams. The research suggests that these soils can absorb excess nutrients and reduce pollution, but warns that changes in land use may lead to increased nutrient runoff in the future.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have developed a low-cost, stable, and effective catalyst that can produce hydrogen in an environmentally friendly manner. The catalyst, made from renewable soybeans and abundant molybdenum metal, has the potential to increase the use of clean energy sources.
AcademyHealth has awarded the Presidential Scholarship to five promising researchers, providing them with financial support and networking opportunities. The recipients are recognized for their potential to contribute to health services research and policy.
Researchers at the University of Liege discovered a molecule, miR-146a, that can serve as a biomarker for peripartum cardiomyopathy. Elevated serum miR-146a levels were found in pregnant women who developed PPCM, suggesting its potential use to predict disease risk.
A Virginia Tech study found that humans are passing antibiotic resistance to wildlife, especially in protected areas where human numbers are limited. The research identified the coupled nature of humans, animals, and the environment across landscapes, posing a critical threat to human and animal health.
A new study published in Diabetologia suggests that consuming one 12oz serving of sugar-sweetened soft drinks daily can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 22% in European populations. The research found a statistically significant association between artificially sweetened soft drink consumption and an increased risk of...
Researchers have linked 17 genes to juvenile idiopathic arthritis, a significant increase from previous findings of three genes. The study analyzed over 2,800 patient DNA samples and provides new insights into the disease process.
Research reveals Nipah virus can be carried by fruit bats on both sides of Wallace's line, which may have initially restricted the spread of avian flu to Australia. The finding extends the known regions where Nipah virus has been detected, including the island of Timor.
A study analyzing 203 children with retinoblastoma found that delays in diagnosis led to more invasive and life-threatening disease courses in non-white, Hispanic, or uninsured patients. The researchers aim to explore the causes of these delays and eliminate them.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have identified two sugars that help retain pig sperm in the sow oviduct. By understanding this adhesion system, researchers hope to develop a laboratory test to detect these molecules and potentially improve semen storage.
Scientists at Stanford University School of Medicine have created a mouse model where degenerating muscle tissue gives off visible light, enabling precise monitoring of disease progression. This technique paves the way for quicker and more accurate assessment of therapeutic drugs.
A study published in JAMA Psychiatry found that psychopaths lack the basic neurophysiological 'hardwiring' necessary for caring about others. This is reflected in altered brain activity in response to pain and distress, with reduced activation in regions critical for empathy and increased activity in areas linked to emotion and reward.
ReRAM cells exhibit battery voltage properties, violating traditional memristor theory. Researchers reveal new insights into the electrochemical components, enabling optimized design and potential new applications
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that new astrocytes produced from stem cells after brain injury are effective in promoting recovery. These cells make their way to the injured area to form an organized scar, which stops bleeding and allows tissue recovery.
The University of Washington School of Medicine's Division of Pain Medicine is developing leading-edge technologies to improve care for veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress (PTS), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and chronic pain. The grant will support provider education, clinical care guidelines, and outcomes-based research.