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Science News for January 3, 2013


An embryo that is neither male nor female

A study published in PLOS Genetics reveals that insulin and IGF1/IGF2 growth factors play a vital role in sexual development. In the absence of these hormones, embryos fail to differentiate into male or female, highlighting their essential role in primary sex determination.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalPLOS Genetics·DateJan 3, 2013

Cholesterol medicine affects energy production in muscles

Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have identified a mechanism underlying statin-induced muscle pain, which may be related to low energy production in muscles due to Q10 depletion. Statins, commonly used to treat high cholesterol levels, can affect skeletal muscle function and lead to muscle weakness and pain.

SourceUniversity of Copenhagen·JournalJournal of the American College of Cardiology·DateJan 3, 2013

Disinfection caps cut CLABSI cases in half

A study published in the American Journal of Infection Control found that using alcohol-impregnated disinfection caps on central line hubs reduced CLABSI cases by 52%. The intervention also led to significant reductions in infection rates and estimated annual preventable cases, suggesting a promising approach to improving catheter care.

SourceElsevier Health Sciences·JournalAmerican Journal of Infection Control·DateJan 3, 2013

'Universal' personality traits don't necessarily apply to isolated indigenous people

A study of an isolated Bolivian society found that five widely accepted personality traits may not be universal, instead revealing a unique 'Big Two' structure including prosociality and industriousness. Researchers suggest expanding beyond Western populations to better understand personality development.

SourceAmerican Psychological Association·JournalJournal of Personality and Social Psychology·DateJan 3, 2013

Sorting stem cells

Researchers from Scotland have demonstrated a way to sort embryonic stem cells based on their electrical properties. The method uses electric fields to differentiate between undifferentiated and differentiated stem cells, which can be useful for biomedical research and potential treatments of diseases like Parkinson's.

SourceAmerican Institute of Physics·JournalBiomicrofluidics·DateJan 3, 2013

A New Year's gift from NASA and Penn State

Astronomers from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and Penn State have released a vast image gallery featuring ultraviolet and optical images captured by the Swift satellite's Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope. The collection includes early images, stunning views of galaxies, and rare types of stars.

Carbon in Vesta's craters

Scientists find that impacting small asteroids delivered dark, carbonaceous material to the protoplanet Vesta. The material, found in craters and meteorites, suggests a link between giant impact basins and the delivery of essential building blocks for organic molecules.

SourceMax-Planck-Gesellschaft·JournalIcarus·DateJan 3, 2013

Nanoparticles reach new peaks

Rice University researchers have found a way to selectively heat diverse nanoparticles using short laser pulses. They demonstrated the effect in common gold nanoparticles, nanoparticle clusters, and mixed nanorods and nanoshells, showing narrow photothermal spectra and spectral selectivity.

SourceRice University·JournalAdvanced Materials·DateJan 3, 2013

Big brains are pricey, guppy study shows

A new study on guppies reveals that bigger brains come at a cost, with larger brain sizes associated with reduced reproductive output and smaller guts. The research supports the idea that relative brain sizes among species are shaped by a balance between selection for increased cognitive ability and the costs of a big brain.

SourceCell Press·JournalCurrent Biology·DateJan 3, 2013

Planets abound

A Caltech-led team estimated that there are at least 100 billion planets in the galaxy, with one planet per star, based on their analysis of the Kepler-32 system. The planets in this system are typical of those found around M-dwarf stars and may represent the majority of planets in the galaxy.

First meteorite linked to Martian crust

Researchers have identified a new class of Martian meteorite that likely originated from the Mars' crust, containing an order of magnitude more water than any other Martian meteorite. The unique meteorite, dubbed Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034, has similarities to but is distinct from other Martian meteorites known as SNC.

Improving DNA amplification from problematic plants

Researchers have developed a technique to overcome inhibitory plant compounds, allowing PCR to successfully amplify DNA from problematic plants. The additive TBT-PAR, containing trehalose, bovine serum albumin, and polysorbate-20, enhances PCR for DNA extracted from various plant species, including tropical and temperate species.

SourceBotanical Society of America·JournalAmerican Journal of Botany·DateJan 3, 2013

Your brain on Big Bird

Researchers used brain scans to study how children's brains develop intellectual abilities like reading and math while watching Sesame Street. The study found that children whose neural maps resembled those of adults scored higher on standardized tests, suggesting that the brain develops along predictable pathways as we mature.

SourceUniversity of Rochester·JournalPLOS Biology·DateJan 3, 2013

Finding Chicago's food gardens with Google Earth

Researchers at University of Illinois mapped 4,648 urban agriculture sites in Chicago using Google Earth, finding that residential gardens and vacant lot gardens contribute substantially to food production. Backyard gardens, underappreciated and unsupported, also play a crucial role in food security, particularly in areas with limited ...