Computer simulations suggest that Indian monsoon daily variability will likely increase under future global warming, leading to severe impacts on agriculture and communities. The study's findings highlight the need for adaptation measures to account for this increased variability, such as intelligent insurance schemes.
A recent study confirms the growing role of emergency physicians in healthcare beyond the emergency department. Most unscheduled hospital admissions now come through the ER, indicating a shift in how patients are referred to hospitals.
Dr. Ken Cadwell has been recognized with the 2013 ICAAC Young Investigator Award for his exceptional research in infectious diseases and pathogenesis, with findings already having a profound impact on the fields of immunity.
The brain develops sensory regions through a combination of genetic and thalamic input. Thalamic input is essential for the differentiation of visual areas, contradicting previous dogma that genetics alone determine cortical architecture.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have developed an inexpensive catalyst that converts carbon dioxide into synthetic fuels for powering cars, homes, and businesses. The catalyst uses solar energy to convert CO2 into carbon monoxide, a valuable commodity chemical with many industrial applications.
Baligh Yehia has received the 2013 ICAAC Young Investigator Award for his pioneering work in HIV health services and quality research. He is recognized for his contributions to developing policies on healthcare reform, access to medical care, and performance measurement.
A new study suggests that student engagement, crucial for success in school, is malleable and can be enhanced by creating a supportive school environment. Researchers found that students who felt their work was meaningful and related to their goals were more emotionally and cognitively engaged.
Researchers discovered a three-way symbiosis involving six different organisms, including the smallest known genome, and found evidence of horizontal gene transfer between bacteria and their hosts. This study sheds light on fundamental questions of life's origin and the role of symbiotic relationships in shaping organismal complexity.
A study of over 90 studies found that daily iron intake during pregnancy increases average haemoglobin levels and reduces the risk of anaemia. Birth weight is also improved, but no reduction in preterm birth risk was observed.
The BigBrain project presents a landmark three-dimensional digital reconstruction of the human brain with a spatial resolution of 20 microns. This allows for unprecedented exploration of brain microstructure and cellular level details, facilitating new insights into neurobiology, cognition, and aging.
A new species of moth, Stenoloba solaris, has been described from China with a striking orange circular patch on its wings resembling the rising sun. The moth belongs to the Noctuidae family and is part of a group known for their economic importance in agriculture.
The study found that the mice had terrible attention spans and struggled with working memory and spatial memory due to the excessive release of acetylcholine. This highlights the importance of ACh in differentiating cues, but also suggests that too much of a good thing can be detrimental
UC Berkeley researchers found that a decrease in new species origins is crucial to extinction, alongside increased extinction rates. This study applies to slow changes over millions of years and provides insights into the pressures on modern flora and fauna.
A new study by Levente Orbán and Catherine Plowright found that bumblebees prefer radial patterns over concentric patterns when searching for nectar. The researchers tested flower-naive bees using radio-frequency identification technology and video recordings, exposing them to two types of patterns: concentric and radial.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute discover Chlamydia promotes gene mutations, impairing DNA damage response and leading to uncontrolled cell growth. The infection can cause chronic damage, increasing risk of cervical and ovarian cancer.
Nikhil Gupta, a NYU-poly professor, has been recognized with the ASM International Silver Medal for his work on lightweight composites. His research on polymer-based composite materials and metal-based blast armor has significant applications in reducing fuel consumption and improving safety.
A new risk assessment model helps physicians decide whether to start blood-thinning treatment for patients with atrial fibrillation. The model incorporates common clinical features and age categories to calculate a risk score, providing more reliable guidance.
A study by researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center found that African-Americans with Medicaid are significantly less likely to receive living kidney transplants compared to those with private insurance. This disparity is attributed to various factors, including limited access to living donors and resources.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have identified a receptor, TrkB, that may be key to preventing epilepsy. The study found that inhibiting TrkB with a drug can prevent the onset of epilepsy in mice after prolonged seizures.
Research published in Critical Care journal suggests that air ambulances are effective and worthy of investment, despite high initial costs. Patients transferred by helicopter tend to have more severe injuries but experience improved survival rates due to faster treatment and care at the scene and during transport.
A synthetic compound has been discovered to enhance the effects of SSRIs, a commonly prescribed antidepressant. By blocking secondary 'vacuum cleaners' in the brain, the compound increases serotonin levels, offering new potential targets for treating depression. Researchers hope this discovery will lead to more effective treatments.
Researchers at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) have discovered a link between telomere protection and obesity, with the RAP1 gene playing a key role. The study found that mice lacking RAP1 gained weight and developed metabolic syndrome, highlighting a new potential mechanism in human obesity.
Researchers discovered a mutated protein that selectively enhances cancer cells while sparing healthy ones. The findings suggest a potent new therapeutic target for certain types of leukemia.
Researchers found significant declines in diabetes-related mortality in the UK and Canada since the mid-1990s. The excess risk of mortality for diabetic patients decreased by 25%-40% across all age groups, with the greatest reductions seen among younger individuals.
Researchers at UCLA have discovered a previously unknown third radiation ring, which briefly appeared between the inner and outer Van Allen belts in September 2012. The new study provides insight into the formation and decay of this temporary radiation belt, revealing its distinctively slow decay rate.
The BigBrain model is based on data from over 7,400 tissue samples and provides a detailed understanding of the normal structure of different functional areas of the brain. The high-resolution model will contribute to precise identification and evaluation of changes in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
Scientists found they could use light to coax postharvest vegetables to produce more cancer-fighting antioxidants at certain times of day. This study suggests that storing fruits and vegetables in dark conditions may reduce their ability to keep daily rhythms.
A study by researchers at the University of Oregon reveals a novel stem cell mechanism in fruit flies that may help explain how neurons form in humans. The research shows how a select group of stem cells can create progenitors that generate numerous subtypes of cells, increasing neural diversity.
Research reveals a gene called CPT1A, which regulates fat breakdown in the liver, may increase risk of heart disease when methylated. The study found elevated levels of bad cholesterol and triglycerides, and lower adiponectin levels in patients with this genetic switch turned off.
Stanley Osher, a professor at UCLA, is awarded the 2013 John von Neumann Lecture for his groundbreaking work on non-oscillatory methods, level set methods, and l1 and TVD methods. His research has numerous applications in engineering, physics, and image processing.
Scientists have confirmed a new variety of canary seeds as gluten-free and ideal for people with celiac disease. The 'hairless' seeds lack tiny hairs that made them inedible for humans, providing more protein and nutrients than other common cereals.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University used fMRI to map the brain's resting state network, confirming its relationship with anatomical structure. The study provides new insights into neural connectivity and its potential applications in diagnosing mental health disorders.
Children exposed to maternal depression are nearly twice as likely to develop emotional problems and separation anxiety symptoms. However, regular group-based child care attendance is linked to a more positive outcome for these children, including reduced chances of developing emotional problems.
Scientists analyzed DNA from a New Zealand museum specimen to determine if it represents a new type of killer whale. The study found that the specimen separated from other killer whales approximately 390,000 years ago, suggesting it may be a separate subspecies or species.
A decade-long study reveals that nearly 70% of children with multiple islet autoantibodies developed T1D within 10 years, highlighting the importance of pre-diabetes research. The study also found that progression of the disease was faster for those who showed the presence of antibodies at younger than three years old.
Researchers found that the southeastern US region could experience heavier animal movements in response to a warming climate, with estimates up to 2.5 times higher than average species movement across North and South America. The study identified natural corridors and human-made barriers that will affect animal migration patterns.
Researchers at MIT's Media Lab have developed a new approach to generating holograms that could enable the creation of color holographic-video displays. The technique uses an optical chip, resembling a microscope slide, built for about $10, which can produce high-resolution video images up to 30 times per second.
A new study reveals that British post-menopausal women are 50% less likely to access appropriate treatment for vaginal atrophy, a chronic condition caused by low estrogen levels. The condition can lead to painful intercourse and emotional distress, but local oestrogen therapy has shown beneficial effects on sex lives.
Research by Jan Simek and team finds strategic placement of rock art to reveal a cosmological puzzle mapping the prehistoric people's universe. The 'upper world' features celestial bodies, while 'middle world' represents nature, and 'lower world' is associated with darkness and death.
Using sound waves, researchers can create repeatable patterns of metallic nanomaterials onto substrates that are incompatible with conventional lithography methods. The technique allows for the patterning of nanowires with tunable spacing and density, enabling potential applications in various fields.
Researchers at the University of Maryland have created a nanoscale battery using wood fibers that can last over 400 charging cycles, making it a promising alternative to traditional batteries.
Researchers hope targeted mental workouts can sharpen memory and focus in adults with schizophrenia by taking advantage of brain's natural plasticity. The modules use a game-like approach to improve speed and accuracy of information processing.
A collaborative study led by Durham University found that children from the poorest families are at double the risk of contracting malaria compared to those from less impoverished backgrounds. The research highlights the need for development programs as an essential component of malaria control to ensure transmission continues to decline.
The University of Michigan ecologist predicts a very large and potentially record-setting 2013 Gulf of Mexico 'dead zone,' expected to be between 7,286 and 8,561 square miles. This would be roughly equivalent to the size of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and the District of Columbia combined.
Researchers found a conserved phospholipid enzyme, PIKfyve, crucial for insulin signaling in muscle cells, leading to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. The study's mouse model exhibits metabolic defects similar to human prediabetes, offering new insights into treating these conditions.
Industrial palladium-copper catalysts change structure before use, affecting reaction catalysis. The discovery reveals potential environmental and economic benefits of alternative activation methods.
Researchers from Bonn University found that particulate matter salt compounds can decrease the drought tolerance of trees, leading to forest decline. The study reveals a physical mechanism where deliquescent salts form wick-like structures that remove water from leaves, promoting dehydration.
A new study reveals that females tend to prefer traits linked to fitness, influencing mate choice and population divergence. This finding settles a long debate about magic traits and predicts their commonality in nature.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that nearly 300,000 stroke/TIA survivors develop PTSD symptoms each year, with one in nine experiencing chronic symptoms. The study suggests that PTSD is an under-recognized problem among stroke patients, and that social support is a key protective factor against PTSD.
The study found that human population density is a significant threat to extinction, with a 3.3% increase in threatened mammals and birds over the next decade. Conservation efforts should consider human population density to mitigate biodiversity loss.
Current global crop yields are not increasing quickly enough to support estimated global needs in 2050, according to a University of Minnesota study. The analysis identifies focus areas for closing the gap, including targeting investments on arable lands and improving best management practices.
Scientists have discovered a novel cellulose structure that can be broken down with fewer enzymes, increasing sugar yields by as much as five times. This breakthrough could lead to an order of magnitude reduction in enzyme usage and more cost-effective biofuel production.
Researchers have developed HIV-derived antibacterial compounds that target and disrupt bacterial membranes, showing powerful activity against clinically resistant bacteria. These engineered cationic antimicrobial peptides (eCAPs) may also be applicable to treatment of other respiratory infections and biodefense applications.
A study led by Michigan State University found that unattractive workers are more likely to be belittled and bullied in the workplace. The researchers surveyed 114 workers at a healthcare facility and found that unattractive employees were treated harsher, even when controlling for other factors.
Researchers have achieved entanglement between light and an optical atomic coherence composed of interacting atoms in two different states, paving the way for functional multi-node quantum networks. The state-insensitive trap allowed the researchers to generate photons at a rate of 5,000 per second, enabling deterministic entanglement.
Patrick Rynne's student-run project Waterlust brings together marine science, art, and sport through online film and photography. The project aims to inspire public interest in water-related topics, empowering scientists to communicate their work creatively.
New research from Ohio State University predicts that the growing human population will lead to an increase of 10.8% more threatened species by 2050. The study suggests that meaningful biodiversity conservation efforts must take into account the expanding human population footprint, which can exacerbate extinction threats.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine found no link between nitrous oxide anesthesia and increased risk of heart attack. Despite concerns about the impact on homocysteine levels, the study showed that B vitamins did not influence heart attack risk in surgery patients.
A long-term study of patients with hereditary dystonia found symptom severity dropped to less than 20% within two years after device implantation. Sixty-one percent were able to discontinue all medications and 91% could discontinue at least one class of drugs.
Anand Srinivasan receives fellowship support from the American Heart Association to create a new chip-based platform for testing antibacterial and antifungal treatments for infective endocarditis. The technology can quickly test thousands of microbial biofilm samples, potentially saving lives.