Kevin Zollman, an associate professor at Carnegie Mellon University, has received a $400,000 NSF CAREER Award to investigate the economic factors influencing scientific problem choice and funding incentives. He aims to develop tools for policymakers to evaluate the effectiveness of different incentive systems.
A University of Michigan study found that gay couples establish 'sexual agreements' to prevent HIV transmission, with 80% keeping their agreements. However, only 57% of couples confirm having an agreement, and 50% of those break it, increasing the risk of HIV transmission.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that young children are more likely to die when their mother is seriously ill, with the highest risk occurring in the months leading up to and following her death. The researchers also discovered a significant increase in child mortality rates if the mother dies of AIDS-related causes.
Researchers analyzed survey data from 200 servers in 18 restaurants, finding that sensitivity to demographic differences predicted service levels. The study highlights the problem of poor service to African-American customers and suggests a solution by promoting tipping norms for specific levels of service quality.
A study by UC Santa Barbara researchers found that mindfulness training can significantly improve reading comprehension, working memory capacity, and ability to focus. The results suggest that mindfulness can reduce mind-wandering and improve performance in tasks requiring attention.
Researchers used hormone levels to estimate when a woman will have her final menstrual period, providing a way to gauge menopause-related bone loss. The study found that levels of estradiol and follicle stimulating hormone can predict the timeline for menopause.
A study by Kathleen Alexander found that climate drives a large part of diarrheal disease and increases the threat of climate change for vulnerable communities in Botswana. Climate change is projected to increase dry season diarrheal disease incidence, while wet season incidence is expected to decline.
Dr. Michael Keidar is researching ways to cut human tissue more efficiently using plasma technology, which could minimize the need for blood transfusions during surgery. His goal is to understand the physics of plasma interaction with living tissue and develop new devices that can safely and effectively cut through human tissues.
A new study finds that brief mindfulness training can improve standardized test scores and working memory capacity by reducing mind wandering. Participants who received mindfulness training showed a significant improvement in accuracy on the GRE and higher working memory capacity compared to those who received nutrition instruction.
A new study found that the standard formula used to calculate LDL cholesterol levels often underestimates accuracy, especially in desirable ranges. Researchers suggest using non-HDL cholesterol as an alternative to assess risk and determine treatment.
The mountain pine beetle's genome has been sequenced, revealing genes involved in tree colonization and potential sex chromosomes. This knowledge could help develop more effective control methods for this devastating pest.
Dr. Alfred Gilman, Nobel laureate and Regental Professor Emeritus at UT Southwestern Medical Center, has been elected an inaugural Fellow of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). His work on G proteins has propelled significant innovation in cancer research.
New research from University of Pennsylvania psychologists suggests that changing one's mind about delaying gratification can be a rational decision when the timing of the payoff is uncertain. The study found that people tend to overestimate how long they will have to wait, leading to decreased self-control.
Researchers at the University of Illinois suggest reforming regulatory lists using a science-based process and assessing potential invasiveness. This could lead to better protection for natural areas against invasive species, but may not threaten the development of new biofuels crops.
Research by University of Toronto sociologist Scott Schieman found that men have greater levels of managerial authority and associated benefits, including job autonomy and higher earnings. Women, even when holding equal levels of authority, tend to earn less income.
A randomized controlled trial found that erythromycin significantly reduced pulmonary exacerbations and improved symptoms in patients with non-CF bronchiectasis, but also increased macrolide resistance. The study suggests that low-dose erythromycin may be beneficial for treatment of respiratory disorder in certain patient populations.
A new study found that primary stroke centers administered clot-busting treatment, rt-PA, at a rate of 6.7%, compared to 2.2% at non-certified centers. The use of rt-PA therapy increased by 50% between 2004 and 2009 at PSCs.
A new study published in the International Journal of Obesity found that genetics account for 30% of individual differences in childhood body weight. The research used Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis to identify genetic variants associated with childhood obesity, providing insights into the 'missing heritability' problem.
Scientists identified how a chicken's genetic make-up affects its signals of fullness, shedding light on why some breeds overeat and affecting reproduction. The study could help develop diets reducing excess growth naturally in birds.
Researchers from NYU College of Dentistry and School of Medicine will explore the role of intestinal microbiota in promoting pancreatic carcinogenesis. The study aims to determine whether endogenous gut bacteria can affect pancreatic oncogenesis and identify potential targets for prevention and treatment.
The complete genomes of three aye-aye lemur populations in Madagascar have been sequenced, revealing genetic diversity and historical separation. The research aims to prioritize conservation efforts for these critically endangered species, which are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have developed a small molecule, S31-1757, that inhibits the ability of STAT3 to cause malignancy. This development could impact the treatment of several tumor types, including breast, lung, prostate and others that depend on STAT3 for survival.
A nationwide study found that hospital infections in cancer patients increased by 2.7% per year over a 10-year period, while deaths linked to those infections decreased by 1.3% per year. Socio-demographic factors such as race and insurance status continued to be significant concerns.
Researchers identify key findings in a large-scale study of individuals with int dup(15), including maternal and paternal duplications. The study found elevated levels of GABA and previously unknown sleep problems in affected subjects, providing significant insights into the disorder.
A review of 21 National Comprehensive Cancer Network member institutions found that only four provided nutritional guidelines, while many linked to external sites with inconsistent information. The analysis highlights the need for evidence-based, standardized guidelines on dietary recommendations for cancer patients.
The Lyman Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) aboard LRO detected mercury and hydrogen in GRAIL impact plumes, which rapidly expanded into space at near-escape velocities. This is a first for LAMP and any previous instrument, as it measures the presence of native lunar atomic hydrogen gas.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed a nanotube-based diagnostic device that can detect Lyme disease bacteria in the blood, potentially leading to earlier diagnosis and treatment. The device uses laboratory-produced antibodies to bind to proteins from the organism, providing an electronic read-out of its presence.
A new study links a magnitude 5.7 earthquake in central Oklahoma to wastewater injection, destroying homes and causing widespread damage. The researchers found that the pressure increase triggered by wastewater injection led to the largest earthquake ever recorded in Oklahoma.
A study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that consuming a high-protein breakfast significantly improves appetite control and reduces unhealthy snacking in young adults. Eating a protein-rich breakfast led to increased fullness and reduced brain activity controlling food cravings.
Researchers found increased cell proliferation and alpha-cell expansion in pancreases of individuals with Type 2 diabetes treated with incretin therapy, a widely used type of treatment. The study suggests a possible link between GLP-1-based therapies and an increased risk of neuroendocrine tumors.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology and Purdue University developed efficient solar cells using natural substrates derived from trees, enabling quick recycling in water. The organic solar cells reach a power conversion efficiency of 2.7 percent, paving the way for a truly recyclable and sustainable solar cell technology.
Researchers found that mice do not need to learn to vocalize and can produce the same suite of ultrasonic sounds regardless of whether they are deaf or hearing. This discovery points the way to a genetic tool for studying speech and its disorders, shifting focus from learning to genetic mechanisms.
A new membrane developed by researchers at Wits University can effectively separate waste from water, making it suitable for treating pollutants in various processes. The technology has the potential to filter pure water from wastewater produced during mining, oil and gas exploration, and nuclear activities.
A new study by McGill University researchers finds that bone marrow transplantation treatment reduces MS relapse activity by diminishing Th17 cell function. The treatment has been shown to be effective in patients with aggressive forms of MS, providing new insights into the disease's mechanisms.
The mountain pine beetle genome has been sequenced to understand its behavior and adaptability, revealing large genetic variation among individuals. The study also identified genes involved in detoxifying defense compounds and degrading plant cell walls, which could inform future management strategies.
Research suggests that migraines are related to brain abnormalities present at birth and others that develop over time. Cortical thickness and surface area abnormalities were found in regions related to pain processing, with minimal overlap between the two types of abnormalities.
A recent study found that high concentrations of methane and hydrogen in breath are associated with a higher body mass index and percentage of body fat. The presence of the microorganism Methanobrevibacter smithii may contribute to obesity by altering the balance of gut bacteria.
Researchers found that residential property values depreciate nearly 0.1% for each 1% nearer to a brownfield, while increasing in value by the same amount with distance from the site. The study analyzed 6,800 properties and estimated $2.2 million in annual lost property tax revenue.
Two new species of mouse lemurs have been identified by Duke University scientists, one named Anosy mouse lemur and the other Marohita mouse lemur. The genetic analysis reveals that these species are distinct and do not interbreed with other recognized mouse lemur species.
Researchers found moderate evidence supporting the use of sublingual immunotherapy to improve asthma symptoms and decrease medication use by over 40% in treated patients. The treatment also showed promise for reducing symptoms of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, with no reported episodes of anaphylaxis or death.
Researchers at Caltech have found that neural-crest stem cells differentiate into microvillous neurons, which sense pheromones, and are distinct from ciliated neurons that detect volatile scents. The discovery sheds light on how olfactory neurons form and may lead to new treatments for conditions like anosmia.
Researchers discovered that individuals with large choice sets overestimate probabilities of rare events and take riskier gambles. Participants gathered more information with smaller choice sets, but repeated this pattern with larger sets.
Researchers characterized SUDEP in a mouse model of Dravet Syndrome and found that a prolonged slowing of the heart beat preceded SUDEP. Treatment with certain drugs reduced the incidence of SUDEP, suggesting mortality results from seizure-related parasympathetic hyperactivity.
A mathematical model of a butterfly's flight revealed that the insect uses swirling vortices to provide lift, but also experiences turbulent airflow. The study found that the pitching angle of the thorax is crucial for controlled periodic flight, allowing butterflies to sense and adjust their motion to maintain stability.
A study found that babies respond to angry tone of voice, even when asleep, and exhibit greater brain activity in stress-related areas. This suggests that exposure to parental conflicts may impact the way infants process emotions and stress.
The Geiger Gibson Program in Community Health Policy has selected eight young Emerging Leaders for their outstanding policy and leadership achievements. The award highlights the future leaders of community health centers, recognizing commitment, motivation, professional achievement, and leadership qualities.
Researchers have found that the lymphatic system is crucial for removing cholesterol from peripheral tissues, including artery walls. The study suggests that therapies supporting lymphatic transport could enhance cholesterol clearance and potentially treat atherosclerotic vascular disease.
A UK study found that compulsory community treatment (CTOs) for mentally ill patients did not reduce rates of hospitalization. The study compared 166 patients under CTOs with 167 patients released under Section 17 leave and found no significant differences in readmission rates or clinical outcomes.
Recent studies suggest that the speed of light may fluctuate due to ephemeral vacuum particles, which could be testable with ultra-fast lasers. Researchers propose that physical constants like speed of light are indications of total elementary particles in nature.
A Temple University study found that well-maintained urban vegetation can lower crime rates, particularly for robberies and assaults, by encouraging social interaction and community supervision. The presence of grass, trees, and shrubs is associated with reduced crime rates in Philadelphia.
Researchers found that long-term treatment with carmustine decreased amyloid beta levels by 75% in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Carmustine, a cancer treatment, shows promise as a potential drug for reducing Alzheimer's symptoms.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia report complete remission in two pediatric ALL patients treated with novel cell therapy. The treatment, known as CTL019, uses engineered T cells that target a specific protein on the surface of leukemia cells, achieving a potent anticancer effect.
Researchers at the University of Bergen have discovered that tunicates can be used as a biofuel source and sustainable fish feed. The cellulose, protein, and Omega-3 fatty acids in ascidiacea make it an attractive alternative to traditional energy sources.
The Wyss Institute has received a $9.25 million contract from DARPA to advance its sepsis therapeutic device, which uses magnetic nanobeads to cleanse the blood of pathogens without removing human cells or fluids. The technology has shown promise in treating deadly bloodstream infections that kill critically ill patients and soldiers.
Despite declining fertility, women over 40 require effective contraception to avoid pregnancy. The research highlights the benefits of birth control in reducing symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding and hot flashes, while also decreasing the risk of endometrial cancer by 50%.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to analyze lung cancer spread patterns, revealing that cancer cells move around the body in multiple directions. The study identified specific areas of the body as 'spreaders' and 'sponges,' which could guide physicians to targeted treatment options.
A new study published in Conservation Biology analyzed data on marine mammal and ecosystem research surveys in the Southern California Bight to identify areas with high whale densities. The researchers found that certain shipping routes pose a higher risk to fin whales, while others may be safer for humpback whales.
Whole genome sequencing reveals that drug-resistant bacterial infections can be transmitted from animals to humans, highlighting the role of livestock as a potential reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The study confirms animal-to-human transmission of MRSA, a disease-causing bacterium with resistance to methicillin.
A large observational follow-up study found that women with lung cancer who consumed more soy food prior to diagnosis lived longer. Soy contains isoflavones that may affect molecular pathways involved in tumor development and growth.
A 'moderate' red tide is expected in New England this spring and summer due to toxic algae Alexandrium fundyense. The forecast is based on cyst abundance data and toxicity records, with a range of bloom scenarios possible.