A study of four European trials found that HPV-based screening provided greater protection against invasive cervical cancer than cytological screening. The analysis showed that HPV-based screening protected 60-70% more women from invasive cancers, with increased protection seen in women aged 30-35 years and those screened every 5 years.
Researchers from Arizona State University and Stanford Universities have discovered that the key gene Numb plays a role in promoting muscle growth and suppressing Myostatin, which limits muscle growth. The findings provide a new avenue for developing treatments for muscle diseases such as muscular dystrophy and ALS.
A new study by Kessler Foundation scientists investigates the neural correlates of cognitive fatigue in multiple sclerosis using functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. The findings suggest a 'fatigue-network' in persons with MS, which could help define the pathophysiology of this symptom.
Carnegie Mellon researchers found an association between childhood socioeconomic status and adult telomere length, which affects cold susceptibility. Participants with parents of lower socioeconomic status had shorter telomeres and were more likely to develop the common cold.
The University of Missouri has received a $1.1 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to continue its Post-baccalaureate Research Education Program (PREP), which has trained 28 scholars since 2003. The program aims to increase diversity in biomedical sciences by providing research and educational experiences for post-bacc...
A recent study by MIT economists provides justification for current rules in job-placement programs, which can accommodate married couples. The researchers found that a properly calibrated system can work well even with large job markets and specific constraints. In fact, data from the medical job market suggests that stable matching i...
A nationwide study reveals huge disparities in death reporting to coroners, with inconsistent rates across jurisdictions. The research also exposes a significant gender disparity, where women's deaths are less likely to be reported and result in unnatural death verdicts.
A study found that congenitally blind subjects have lower heat pain thresholds and increased sensitivity to cold pain stimuli compared to sighted individuals. This suggests a permanent state of pain hypersensitivity due to the absence of visual cues, which allows for immediate detection and avoidance of potentially hazardous situations.
A new nomenclature for genetic sequences addresses taxonomic determination issues by providing a reliability ranking. The GenSeq system ranks sequence data from primary types, secondary types, and non-types, enhancing integration of molecular phylogenetics and biological taxonomy.
Typhoon Krosa strengthened after passing over northern Philippines and expanded its eye by 10 nautical miles. The storm's center moved into the South China Sea, where NASA's Aqua satellite captured a visible image revealing its 35-nautical-mile-wide eye.
The study found that the EPA accepted only 23% of OSRI submissions, leading to the use of thousands of animals in unnecessary testing. The authors urge the EPA to standardize its evaluation procedures and support the use of existing data to reduce animal use.
Researchers at Tufts University found that exposure therapy remodels inhibitory junctions in the amygdala, allowing fear responses to be alleviated. The study may aid in developing more effective treatments for anxiety disorders.
A new study published in Clinical Cancer Research has found a dual-pronged strategy of combining two experimental cancer drugs to be an effective treatment for childhood cancer rhabdomyosarcoma. The study showed that the combination of AZD8055 and AZD6244 reduced tumour growth and blocked off escape routes, leading to improved outcomes.
A new Northwestern University study reveals that physiological changes during pregnancy reduce the effects of commonly used bipolar medications, making women more vulnerable to recurring episodes. Women with bipolar disorder may require higher doses to stay well during pregnancy.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American College of Radiology found that non-radiologists are increasingly performing ultrasound-guided invasive procedures. The study highlights the growing role of non-radiologists in these procedures, with significant increases noted between 2004 and 2010.
A new study from Duke University shows that nurse home visits can significantly reduce the need for emergency care in infants. The program, Durham Connects, costs an average of $700 per family and has been shown to decrease emergency care episodes by 50% in the first year of life.
Researchers at Salk Institute discovered a patchwork of genetic variation in individual brain neurons, contrary to the long-held belief that each cell possesses identical DNA code. The study found that up to 41% of neurons have unique, massive copy number variations (CNVs) that arose spontaneously.
A new study found that minority students in the US are attending schools with fewer white classmates than in 1993. Despite increased diversity, the exposure of blacks and Hispanics to whites was higher than expected, according to researcher Jeremy Fiel.
A recent study published in Emotion journal found that mindful individuals show less neural response to positive feedback compared to their less mindful peers. This suggests that mindful individuals may be less affected by immediate rewards and exhibit improved self-control.
A new tropical depression formed in the Eastern Pacific Ocean on November 1, with NASA's TRMM satellite detecting moderate rainfall and NOAA's GOES-West satellite capturing cloud extent. The depression is expected to strengthen and become a tropical storm by the weekend.
Researchers found aerobic exercise increases hippocampal volume, improves memory, and enhances connectivity in individuals with MS. Aerobic exercise resulted in significant benefits for memory but not other cognitive functions.
Researchers found that liver Kupffer cells are essential for deleting B cells using anti-CD20 therapy. The interaction between the liver and the immune system also affects the progression of candidiasis, a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections.
Researchers in China's Nanjing University have designed a novel acoustic diode that could provide brighter and clearer ultrasound images by eliminating acoustic disturbances. The device, which uses a near-Zero Index Metamaterial, achieves one-way transmission of sound waves, crucial for medical ultrasound applications.
Cancer patients are at increased risk of bone disease and fractures due to the primary disease or treatment therapies. The IOF review emphasizes the importance of early evaluation and treatment with evidence-based pathways to prevent skeletal-related events and bone loss.
Researchers at Harvard University have identified a novel mechanism of kidney repair, where mature cells reprogram themselves after injury. This finding challenges the long-held theory that kidney stem cell populations respond to damage.
Researchers are mapping Greenland's ice sheet and surrounding Arctic sea ice using a single season of summer melt data. The study aims to provide baseline measurements for future satellite missions.
A prospective study found that improved periodontal health slows atherosclerosis progression, while worsening infections parallel increased risk for coronary events. The study suggests a clear relationship between mouth bacteria and thickening of the carotid artery.
Researchers created a synaptic transistor that mimics the behavior of a synapse, enabling continuous adaptation to changing signals. The device offers several advantages over traditional transistors, including non-volatile memory and inherent energy efficiency.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh developed a system to attract regulatory T-cells to inflamed gums, reducing inflammation and improving periodontal disease symptoms. The treatment showed promise in animal studies, offering a new therapeutic paradigm for treating gum disease.
Astronomers at UMass Amherst and UT at Austin identify the most distant galaxy, with a redshift parameter of z = 7.51, indicating it is 700 million years old. The discovery challenges theories on galaxy formation and suggests intense star-forming galaxies may be more common than thought.
In a wild guppy population, female guppies mate with rare males who have unique color patterns, resulting in longer lifespan and more offspring. This study supports the theory that individuals within species are genetically diverse due to various factors.
B cells circulating through the liver are first depleted after treatment with anti-CD20 antibodies. The study reveals a vital role of liver Kupffer cells in deleting B cells and provides techniques to improve the effectiveness of anti-CD20 therapy.
The US preterm birth rate has dropped to its lowest level in 15 years, but the country still earns a 'C' grade. Since 2006, about 176,000 fewer babies have been born too soon, potentially saving $9 billion in health and societal costs.
A Swedish study reveals that many heart failure patients are undertreated, with high mortality rates associated with poor pump capacity, kidney function, blood count, and lack of ACE inhibitors and beta blockers. The study suggests referring these patients to heart failure specialists for evaluation and treatment.
A new study published in Gastroenterology found that high-calorie diets, regardless of sugar type, contribute to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The study revealed comparable effects of fructose and glucose on the liver, highlighting calorie intake as a key factor in liver disease progression.
Researchers found that mammalian body size decreased during two ancient global warming events, the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2). The study suggests that mammals may adapt to extreme warming by becoming smaller.
A dysfunctional chemokine receptor, CXCR1, plays a crucial role in Candida infection progression. Mice lacking this receptor are prone to kidney failure due to Candida-induced injury. Additionally, patients with a mutation in the CXCR1 gene are at higher risk of developing candidiasis.
New research shows that rising temperatures could lead to a 1.8-6.5% drop in the annual flow of streams providing water to Salt Lake City, with some creeks and streams drying up weeks earlier in summer and fall. The study's findings can help regional planners make informed decisions on long-term investments and adapt to climate change.
The University of Illinois has received a $25 million federal grant to improve soybean yields in five African countries, increasing the continent's food supply. The project will focus on developing high-yielding soybean varieties and improving poultry nutrition.
A study by LSU Health Sciences Center found that simulation-based operating room team training improved attitudes, behaviors, and performance among medical and nursing students. The training resulted in better clinical outcomes and increased patient safety.
A team of geoscientists is building a whole-Earth model to understand long-term climate change on Earth. They will examine how carbon moves between the planet's external and internal systems, including the oceans, atmosphere, and deep Earth.