A University of Tennessee, Knoxville study reveals that saving endemic species is crucial for maintaining ecosystem balance and biodiversity. Endemic species have evolved unique traits to survive in harsh environments, which can impact neighboring species.
Researchers at ITbM and the University of Chicago uncover the mechanism behind thyrotropin's two distinct functions, triggered by seasonal changes and metabolism. Tissue-specific glycosylation differentiates the hormone's activities without cross-interference.
A study found that dialysis patients on easily removable beta blockers have a higher risk of premature death compared to those on harder-to-remove beta blockers. The researchers suggest changing prescriptions to lower this risk.
Patients with mild depressive symptoms post-surgery experience weaker functional capacity for up to five years. Enhanced psychosocial support may improve recovery in patients with this condition.
Researchers at UC Davis have developed a method to toughen up engineered cartilage and keep natural tissues strong outside the body. By depriving native or engineered cartilage of oxygen and using an enzyme called lysyl oxidase, they found that cross-linking occurs, making the material stronger.
Researchers developed a platform that enables humans to communicate with dogs through body language and physical signals. The technology can detect a dog's emotional state, stress levels, and even hazards like gas leaks.
Research reveals that minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and adenocarcinoma in-situ (AIS) lung cancer patients have comparable five-year disease-free and overall survival rates of 97.7%. This finding suggests that tumor sub-classification may not provide additional prognostic information for patients with tumors ≤3 cm in size.
A new study published in Journal of Radiological Protection found little evidence to support the 'corona-ion hypothesis', which suggests a possible link between air pollution from power lines and childhood leukemia. Researchers used data from over 7,000 children born near high-voltage overhead power lines and found no increased risk of...
Researchers describe the Terasaki ramps in the endoplasmic reticulum as spiral structures that connect parallel sheets, allowing for high density of ribosomes. This geometry is stable and minimizes energy, consistent with the laminar structure of the stacks.
A recent study by Germán Orizaola and colleagues found that female frogs can influence the growth rate and development of their offspring in response to changes in reproduction dates. By delaying breeding, females can accelerate larval growth, potentially helping species adapt to environmental uncertainty.
A new agency would investigate major failures and provide public explanation, improving system-wide learning. The NHS lacks a consistent approach to investigating safety issues, relying on costly one-off inquiries.
A UAlberta team discovered a protein linked to metabolic regulation is critical in pulmonary hypertension development. Lower levels of Sirtuin3 have been found in patients with the disease, and gene therapy approaches show promise for improving symptoms.
Diabetic patients using insulin pumps are at risk of dosing errors if they forget to change the clock on their devices. This can lead to severe consequences, including hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Researchers call for increased awareness and education to ensure proper pump settings.
Scientists aim to understand immune system factors that influence insulin production in people with type 1 diabetes. They hope to develop biomarkers and a drug combination to help people live with fewer complications and increased ability to manage their disease.
The BIOMAT group has created a transparent, biodegradable container for oily products with enhanced barrier properties and natural antioxidant agents. This innovation aims to prolong the shelf life of packaged food while reducing environmental impact.
Biologists at Scripps Research Institute have described the atomic-level workings of microRNA molecules, which control gene expression in all animals and plants. The findings will help guide the development of therapies that harness microRNA's power to regulate key biological processes.
The University of Texas at Arlington has received a $974,250 NSF grant to support doctoral students from underrepresented minority groups. The Bridge to the Doctorate Fellowships will provide full tuition, a $30,000 yearly stipend, and additional resources to help students succeed in STEM fields.
The Patents for Humanity Awards recognize innovators developing life-changing technologies, such as a malaria-resistant drug, an electric-free fracture treatment, and solar-powered light bulbs. The awards aim to bring modern technology to the world's most underserved populations.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo found that infant dietary patterns are influenced by mothers' socioeconomic backgrounds and racial identities. Babies whose diet included more breastfeeding and solid foods adhering to international guidelines were associated with higher household income and mothers with higher education levels.
Research suggests that pterostilbene, a phenolic compound found in certain foods and beverages, can help reduce body fat by decreasing fat synthesis and increasing fat oxidation. This study provides promising results for future human trials to confirm its anti-obesity effects.
A five-year national initiative has shown promising results in reducing diabetes health disparities among African Americans, Latinos, and Native Americans. The Alliance model improves chronic disease management by strengthening care coordination, patient self-management, and community engagement.
A mathematical model developed by NIH grantees predicts that women need to take Truvada daily to prevent HIV infection via vaginal sex, while men can protect themselves with just two doses per week. The model helps explain why previous PrEP trials in women were unsuccessful due to poor adherence.
A new mouse model reveals that genetic factors play a significant role in the severity of Ebola disease. Research suggests that certain genetic lines of mice are more resistant to the virus, while others are highly susceptible to severe illness and death. The findings could lead to rapid development of candidate therapeutics and vaccines.
A team of speleobiologists has described four new species of dragon millipedes from southern China, highlighting their distinctive spiky bodies. The discovery sheds light on the genetic diversity of these bizarre creatures, with China holding the highest recorded number of species in the genus Desmoxytes.
Scientists discovered a link between the body's circadian clock and bladder function, finding that disruptions to the daily cycle can cause overactive bladder. The study suggests that altering peripheral clock genes through receptor activators can regulate bladder contractions.
A new therapy combining computer-based cognitive training and d-cycloserine has shown promise in helping patients with tinnitus better cope with the condition. The study found that patients who received the treatment experienced greater improvements in daily life compared to those who took a placebo.
A community-based study found air pollutants released by unconventional oil and gas production exceed recommended levels in the US, with hazardous chemicals like benzene, hydrogen sulfide, and formaldehyde detected. The study highlights the need for improved air-quality monitoring programs near these sites.
Cyclone Nilofar is exhibiting a comet-like tail and core due to wind shear. The storm has weakened significantly, expected to become a depression by November 1, bringing moderate to heavy rainfall to the region.
The mouse Y chromosome is a surprisingly large and complex biological entity, with two categories of genes: ancestral and acquired. The mouse Y retains only 9 of its 639 ancestral genes, but has acquired and amplified over 700 new genes through intrachromosomal recombination and sex-linked meiotic drive.
Researchers recommend shifting from expanding to declining Ebola epidemic through hygienic funeral practices, case isolation, contact tracing, and better health worker protection. Achieving these goals at a success rate of about 60 percent could ultimately curtail the epidemic in Liberia.
Researchers found that restored wetlands act as net sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide, but are large sources of methane emissions. The study's results suggest that restoring drained agricultural land-use types can help reverse subsidence and capture carbon, making it a promising approach to mitigate climate change.
A new systematic study of lipid membrane-electrolyte interactions provides insights into biological cell function and potential applications in medical diagnostics. The research uses liposomes to model biological membranes and demonstrates the role of ion adsorption in modulating membrane electrical characteristics.
Dinosaurs had highly developed color vision, including the ability to see ultraviolet light, which likely contributed to the evolution of feathers. This discovery sheds new light on the origin of feathers and their role in dinosaur communication and mating.
A study by Kansas State University researchers suggests that bat influenza viruses are unlikely to pose a pandemic threat to humans. The team characterized the viruses using synthetic technology and next-generation sequencing, finding they have a low risk of transmission.
A Mediterranean-style diet is associated with a 17% decreased likelihood of developing chronic kidney disease, while dietary patterns resembling the diet reduce risk by 50%. More than 20 million US adults have chronic kidney disease.
Researchers at the University of Washington have developed a way to use high-intensity sound waves to create cellular scaffolding, a unique approach that could help overcome one of regenerative medicine's significant obstacles. The technique involves using boiling histotripsy to decellularize tissues, leaving behind a fibrous network t...
Research from scientists at Washington University School of Medicine found that scratching causes the brain to release serotonin, which intensifies itch sensation. Blocking serotonin's communication with nerve cells may help break the itch-scratch cycle.
Researchers found that individuals can control cooperative behavior in large groups by acting generously or punishing egoistic behavior. However, the effectiveness of these strategies decreases with an increasing number of players.
Researchers found a horizontally layered magma reservoir beneath the Toba caldera, composed of numerous intrusions with molten material. This discovery sheds light on the accumulation and eruption mechanisms of super-volcanoes, which occur every few hundred thousand years.
A new study published in the American Journal of Transplantation found that frailty significantly increases the risk of premature death in kidney transplant recipients. The study analyzed data from 537 patients and found that those who were classified as frail had a mortality rate twice that of non-frail patients.
A 10-year analysis of data from an institutional patient registry indicates that 79% of tumors are controlled locally for early stage lung cancer patients treated with SBRT. The treatment resulted in minimal toxicity, with no grade 4 or 5 events recorded.
Research shows that primary care providers who know guideline recommendations for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening are more likely to order LDCT for high-risk individuals. This knowledge gap is highlighted by a survey of over 200 primary care providers, which found that 48% knew three or more guideline components.
Eiman Azim won the 2014 Eppendorf & Science Prize for his research on neural circuits controlling skilled movement. He identified two separate spinal cord pathways that enable rapid updates and regulation of movements.
A firearm suicide prevention campaign won over nearly half of firearm retailers in New Hampshire, who displayed materials to reduce access to firearms for suicidal individuals. The campaign's success was linked to store owners' belief that reducing access could save a life.
A team of scientists has discovered the genetic mechanism behind sex determination in a species of persimmon. The OGI-MeGI system involves an unusual gene that codes for a small piece of RNA acting as molecular scissors, cutting down expression of another gene, and regulating pollen formation.
Researchers have discovered that cold-water corals can fuse the skeletons of genetically distinct individuals, creating stable reefs in the dark depths of the ocean. This adaptation allows them to conserve energy and strengthen their habitats, potentially aiding their survival under future climate changes.
The Hubble Space Telescope has observed the faint glow of stars ejected from ancient galaxies torn apart within the Pandora's Cluster. The scattered stars are estimated to contribute approximately 10% of the cluster's brightness and are rich in heavier elements.
Melbourne researchers have discovered the three-dimensional structure of a key cell death protein called Bak and revealed how it causes cell death. The study offers new targets for treating diseases such as lupus, cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders.
The study identified a genotype that can predict survival in people who live longer, as well as risk factors for cognitive decline and frailty. Hearing impairment is also linked to increased risk of frailty, according to the findings.
New research suggests that low-dose BPA exposure in infants may lead to an increased risk of food intolerance in adulthood. A study involving rats found that perinatal exposure to BPA affected developing immune systems, predisposing offspring to food intolerance.
Researchers at Michigan State University have discovered that a specific gene, Sox2, plays a crucial role in determining the source of stem cells in mammals. By studying mouse embryos, the team found that Sox2 appears to be acting ahead of other genes traditionally identified as playing critical roles in stem cell formation.
Researchers found that autophagy plays a central role in mediating the non-specific immune effects of BCG, leading to trained immunity. Monocytes from individuals with specific variants of the ATG2B gene respond with trained immunity, supporting the hypothesis that autophagy is clinically relevant.
Researchers found that a blood sugar level of ≥135 mg/dL is the optimal first step cutoff for additional screening in women carrying twins, yielding 100% sensitivity with a 28.6% test positive rate. This cutoff may decrease cost and anxiety without compromising treatment effectiveness.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison is renowned for its expertise in drilling through ice sheets, playing a critical role in advancing astronomy and understanding climate change. Researchers have successfully extracted ancient climate data from cores, providing valuable insights into the Earth's past.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab have developed a unique microring laser cavity that can produce single-mode lasing even from conventional multi-mode laser cavities. This breakthrough holds implications for optical metrology, interferometry, data storage, spectroscopy, and communications.
A series of articles published in New Space journal suggest that ordinary citizens can take short trips to the edge of space without significant health effects. The research also identifies potential challenges and risks associated with human commercial spaceflight.
Researchers found that peripheral tissue clocks can synchronize with the environment independently of the brain's master clock, leading to a revised model of circadian entrainment. This discovery opens new avenues for understanding and addressing circadian-related disorders.
A Whitehead Institute team found that protein SUUR acts to control gene copy number by moving along with the engine of the train, acting like a brakeman to stall or derail it. This finding sheds light on fragile genomic regions associated with chromosomal abnormalities and raises questions about its function and regulation.
Studies reveal human children as young as 2 years old conform to peer behavior to avoid social disadvantage, whereas apes prefer to stick with their own strategies. The research suggests that the motivation to fit in emerges early in humans and may be influenced by environmental factors.
Researchers at the University of Utah have discovered that cancers select against a protein complex called the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), which counteracts the Warburg effect and supports uncontrolled growth in cancer. Re-introducing MPC into colon cancer cells impairs several properties of cancer, including growth.