Researchers at the University of Illinois discovered that modeling secondary light emission as Raman scattering can predict its dependence on laser power and wavelength, leading to improved biological and medical imaging modalities. This breakthrough has significant implications for surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have identified a gene associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, a life-threatening birth defect. The discovery reveals the genetic root of the physical defect and offers potential routes for intervention.
Teenage boys who perceive themselves as underweight are more likely to experience depressive symptoms and engage in steroid use. The research highlights the importance of addressing body image concerns among adolescent boys, particularly those who feel bullied or underweight.
A comprehensive genetic study of multiple myeloma has identified subpopulations of cancer cells with different mutations within the same tumor. This discovery could impact treatment strategies and patient outcomes.
Older adults who received brief cognitive training showed improvements in reasoning ability, speed-of-processing, and everyday tasks. Even booster sessions had lasting benefits up to 10 years later.
Researchers found that native perennial grasses and mixes of native prairie grasses and flowering plants outperform corn in terms of biodiversity, pest suppression, and methane consumption. The study suggests that coordinated land use policies can enhance ecosystem services, but rising commodity prices threaten this approach.
The researchers propose to build complex polymer nanostructures on scaffolds made of plant viruses to provide control and precision. They aim to produce an evenly dispersed polymer coating with consistent and efficient properties, reducing toxic side effects in drug delivery.
A team of researchers found that microbes engage in market-like behaviors, including comparing bids for commodities, hoarding resources, and eliminating competitors. This discovery has implications for understanding microbial interactions and could lead to new approaches in social microbiology.
A research group at Biocenter Oulu in Finland has identified a mechanism related to a transcription factor that binds strongly onto a particular SNP variant, initiating a genetic programme enhancing prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis. The study used DNA samples from tens of thousands of prostate cancer patients and healthy me...
The Canadian Medical Association Journal provides a comprehensive review of autism spectrum disorder, emphasizing the importance of early detection and referral to intervention services. The article highlights best practices for pediatricians and family doctors, including behavioral interventions and personalized medicine.
Researchers discover a subgroup of memory T-cells that are resistant to HIV killing and can survive for years, making them a key target for developing a true 'cure' for HIV infection. This finding could also lead to the development of new cancer therapies targeting stem-cell metabolic pathways.
A new University of Michigan study found that white parents are more likely to use age-appropriate car seats for their children than non-white parents. The study, which analyzed data from over 600 parents, also showed that non-white parents were more likely to prematurely transition their children to booster seats and seat belts.
Patients with head and neck cancers who received IMRT experienced improved outcomes, including a statistically significant improvement in cause-specific survival compared to those treated with conventional therapy. The study found that IMRT reduced treatment-related side effects while delivering effective cancer treatment.
Patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease who underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for kidney cancer experienced minimal loss of kidney function compared to those with normal kidney function. The procedure also showed no cases of end-stage kidney disease requiring long-term dialysis.
Researchers found a substantial drop in the use of affirmative action in college admissions from 1992 to 2004. Selective public colleges in states affected by statewide bans or judicial rulings significantly reduced their affirmative action policies, whereas others continued to prioritize minority applicants.
Scientists have identified a key gene receptor and signaling pathway essential to maintaining human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in an undifferentiated state. By blocking the WNT signaling pathway and its encoded receptor FZD7, researchers were able to keep hESCs in their pluripotent state.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University found that caffeine enhances long-term memory in humans by improving pattern separation. The study used a double-blind trial where participants received either a placebo or a 200-milligram caffeine tablet, and showed that more members of the caffeine group correctly identified new images as simil...
Researchers discovered a genetic signature that implicates key immune system mechanism in driving acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the most common form of childhood cancer. The study found that genomic rearrangement and deletions of DNA segments drive cancer progression.
Scientists have identified a mutated gene causing papillary craniopharyngiomas, a type of benign but devastating brain tumor. A targeted therapy approach using BRAF inhibitors may improve treatment outcomes, with plans for clinical trials underway.
Researchers found that variations in non-coding DNA sequences influence insulin-producing cell behavior in people with type 2 diabetes. Genome sequences controlling gene activity were identified, and genetic variants associated with diabetes risk were also linked to these clusters.
A new study demonstrates that ultrasound directed to a specific region of the human brain can enhance sensory perception. The technique showed significant improvements in distinguishing pins at closer distances and detecting small frequency differences.
Researchers develop 'Swiss-Army-Knife' molecule to capture RNA from individual cells in their natural tissue environment. This non-invasive method allows for the analysis of how cell-to-cell chemical connections influence gene expression and protein production.
High levels of molecular chlorine have been detected in the Arctic atmosphere, with concentrations peaking at 400 parts per trillion. The discovery highlights the potential for molecular chlorine to influence atmospheric chemistry and has implications for mercury cycling and ozone formation.
A research team, including Anthony Wynshaw-Boris and Shinya Yamanaka, successfully used induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming to correct a defective ring chromosome with a normal one. This approach has potential to treat birth defects, mental disabilities, and growth limitations caused by chromosomal abnormalities.
A new MRI method using CEST technology measures creatine levels in the heart, providing higher resolution than traditional methods and potentially spotting heart problems earlier. This technique could lead to improved clinical decision-making and earlier detection of heart disorders.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine and The Scripps Research Institute found a way to modulate specific pathways in opioid receptors, allowing for more precise targeting of brain diseases. This breakthrough could lead to better treatment options for chronic pain, Parkinson's disease, and depression with fewer side effects.
Researchers found that inhibiting STAT1 chain formation can block detrimental type-II interferon responses while preserving anti-viral protection, providing a new target for improving current treatments.
A new study found that the public has a strong negative view of climate engineering, with approaches like carbon capture and cloud brightening being better received. The results suggest that even well-regarded techniques still have a net negative perception.
Researchers discovered how sodium controls opioid receptors, a major class of brain cell receptors. The findings suggest new therapeutic approaches to treat pain and mood disorders. Sodium's effect on receptor activity is crucial for developing better opioid-receptor-targeting drugs.
A recent study identified a population of stem-like T memory cells where HIV persists despite treatment. These cells have the ability to regenerate new HIV-infected cells, fueling the virus's persistence in the human body. The findings suggest that targeting these cells could lead to novel interventions for future treatment.
A multi-institutional team has discovered a gene mutation associated with several cancers also drives a rare brain tumor called papillary craniopharyngioma. The BRAF mutation was found in 94% of tested papillary tumors, suggesting it could be targeted by existing therapies.
A study found that families with higher levels of parental education and income use more CAM therapies for children with autism. Nearly 40% of children with autism used CAM treatments, compared to 30% with developmental delay. Most CAM users chose low-risk options.
A two-year study by Michigan State University's Muhammad Khalifa found that hip-hop students are unfairly targeted and disciplined more harshly than their peers. The research highlights the need for schools to adopt a more inclusive approach, allowing students to express themselves without fear of retribution.
A study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that sending text messages to low-income obstetric patients resulted in a significant increase in influenza vaccination rates. Women who received the messages were 30% more likely to be vaccinated, with a subgroup showing a 61.9% vaccination rate.
Researchers have found that bisphenol A impairs the function of vital proteins in cells, suggesting a potential health risk. The study also discovered alternative compounds with promising applications in cancer treatment.
Scientists at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute discovered the structural effects of V44M and V44A genetic mutations linked to FAD. The mutations lead to increased production of toxic Amyloid Beta 42 peptide, driving memory failure in patients.
Researchers at the University of Chicago and Cornell University have developed a universal jamming gripper that can handle various objects on the same manufacturing line. The company Empire Robotics is now commercializing this technology, which has potential impacts in industries such as prosthetics and mobile robots.
Grand Challenges Canada announces $7.7M project to improve mental health care in developing countries, with mobile phone technologies and innovative approaches to reach underserved populations. The projects aim to increase epilepsy treatment and eliminate barriers for critical mental health services.
Researchers at Brown University discovered that cilia in single-celled organisms like paramecium have distinct motor behaviors for swimming and nutrient uptake. The findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms behind these diverse functions.
A new study suggests that autophagy plays a key role in determining the fate of cancer cells when treated with anti-cancer drugs. Cells with high levels of autophagy were more susceptible to death from certain drugs, while those with low levels of autophagy were more resistant.
Researchers have identified a potent antioxidant called Tiron that provides complete protection against UVA radiation and oxidative stress, offering potential benefits for anti-aging and sun-damaged skin. The study suggests that Tiron could be used to develop new skincare products or supplements, but further testing is needed.
A new device developed at the University of Washington is testing the use of low-power ultrasound to move small kidney stones, potentially reducing pain and treatment times. The technology has been tested on artificial kidneys and pigs before moving to human trials, with promising results.
Journalists Sybille Hildebrandt and Chelsea Wald have been awarded the EGU Science Journalism Fellowship for their projects on palaeontology and soil sciences. They will receive funding to pursue research trips to Canada and Scotland, respectively, in order to investigate key scientific questions.
Recent developments combining machines and organisms have great potential but also raise major ethical concerns. Cyborgs, technically modified organisms with extraordinary skills, are already reality in medical implants.
A study found that most pediatric primary care practitioners are reluctant to prescribe antidepressant medications to adolescent patients, even in severe cases. PCPs who had access to on-site mental health care providers and were more knowledgeable about depression were more likely to prescribe antidepressants.
Researchers have created an artificial bone marrow that can reproduce hematopoietic stem cells, which could facilitate the treatment of leukemia. The new technology uses synthetic polymers and protein building blocks to mimic the natural environment of bone marrow, allowing for more efficient stem cell reproduction.
Researchers found that athletes' initial body language after winning, known as a 'dominance threat display,' is innate and stems from an evolutionary need to establish order. This behavior is stronger in cultures that emphasize hierarchy.
The device achieves low consumption by harnessing environmental energy sources. Wireless sensor networks utilizing the device have numerous applications in various fields.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have developed a comprehensive, nonsurgical treatment that significantly improves symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction in women. The treatment involves muscle strengthening and relaxation techniques, resulting in an average 80% improvement in urinary incontinence, defecatory dysfunction, and pe...
A new study found that the human body louse can transmit bacterial infections to humans, while the human head louse does not. The researchers discovered that several immune genes were regulated differently in head and body lice after infection with the bacteria, and the infection progressed further in body lice over time.
A recent study by University of Missouri researchers found that social media platforms enable users to connect with others who share similar experiences and emotions, such as Lady Gaga fans. The study highlights the importance of online communities in providing emotional support and a sense of belonging among marginalized groups.
Duke University researchers have successfully demonstrated wireless power transfer using a 'superlens' technology that focuses magnetic fields, enabling the transmission of power over distances much larger than traditional setups. This breakthrough could enable smaller, more practical wireless charging solutions for everyday use.
Researchers have identified a key protein called TL1A that drives chronic inflammation, leading to diseases like arthritis. The discovery provides hope for developing targeted biological medicines to halt disease progression and alleviate symptoms.
Researchers at Florida State University have made groundbreaking findings on a bacteriophage that infects nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The study reveals novel details about the virus's DNA and physical structure, shedding light on how it invades and impacts bacteria.
A new study by MIT professor Joao Granja shows that more transparent banking practices can help ensure stability when banks fail and reduce costs for consumers or taxpayers. The study found that banks with better disclosure practices received higher bids for their assets during bankruptcy auctions, leading to lower costs for regulators.
Research from the University of Southampton shows that prisoners rate themselves similarly to community members on pro-social traits, despite being incarcerated. Prisoners also overestimate their law-abidigness and underestimate their propensity for future crime.
A new anode design for lithium-sulfur batteries quadruples their lifespan, bringing them closer to commercial use. The hybrid anode's development could enable longer electric car drives and cheaper storage of renewable wind energy.
Research predicts increased frequency and intensity of droughts in southern Europe, with potential reductions in river flow levels up to 40% by 2100. Climate change and intensive water consumption will exacerbate drought conditions, worsening their socio-economic impacts.
A new study finds that heavy viewers of 'Teen Mom' and '16 and Pregnant' have unrealistic perceptions of teen mothers' quality of life, income, and involved fathers. The research, led by Indiana University professors, suggests that these shows lead to a distorted view of reality TV and teen parenthood.
Researchers at Rice University have found that motor proteins cooperate differently, with myosinVa producing more force than kinesin-1. This cooperation is crucial for regulating the transport of organelles within cells, and breakdowns in motor function are implicated in human diseases.