A high fat diet and increased body weight do not impair but may even accelerate cartilage repair in a mouse model. The study's findings suggest that the mechanism behind this phenomenon is related to inflammatory and metabolic changes.
Scientists at Cornell University have developed a model system to test drugs against feline herpes virus 1 (FHV-1) in cats. Early results show that the antiretroviral drug raltegravir is effective against FHV-1, even when administered once daily.
A study by UC Riverside researchers found that bed bug shed skins retain four pheromone compounds that can be used to detect and combat infestations. The findings suggest the development of small, inexpensive monitor traps to catch living bed bugs at early stages of infestation.
Researchers found that pigeon blood lead levels rose in summer, correlating with higher rates of lead exposure in children. Urban pigeons are being used as a monitoring tool due to their proximity to pollution sources and similarity to human behavior.
A study of over 70,000 patients found that higher education was associated with a lower risk of developing heart failure after a heart attack. Patients with higher education levels had a 9-20% lower risk of early-onset and late-onset heart failure compared to those with primary education.
A team of researchers studied four filamentous Ascomycete fungi to understand their role in carbon degradation. They identified a wide variety of carbohydrate-active enzymes that can directly oxidize labile and recalcitrant carbon, suggesting these species play a key role in lignocellulose conversion.
Researchers investigate directional pointing and demonstrative usage in Murrinhpatha, a language without abstract directionals. The study finds that speakers use named landmarks, pointing, and demonstratives to convey spatial directions.
Tropical Storm Estelle has a circular storm with two areas of strongest convection, indicating rising air that forms thunderstorms. The storm is strong and almost symmetrical but is being slowed by dry air in the mid-levels.
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis show differing patterns among ethnic minorities in the US. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of CLD and cirrhosis in Japanese Americans, Latinos, Native Hawaiians, and others.
A study by Duke Health and Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School reveals bladder cells' secreted chemicals can clear urinary tract infections. The research suggests new targets for developing remedies and provides insights into the herb Forskolin's impact on UTIs.
Researchers developed an antibody that prevents the immune system from attacking the myelin sheath, reducing demyelination and axon degeneration. In experimental mouse models, treatment with the antibody blocked progression of motor disorders and reduced lymphocyte infiltration into the nervous tissue.
Higher levels of certain omega-6 fatty acids, like linoleic acid, were associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk. In contrast, higher levels of other minor omega-6 fatty acids and no association was found for omega-3 fatty acids.
The new compiler system allows users to program industrial knitting machines with simple shapes and translate them into needle-level instructions. This enables the creation of a variety of 3D knitted shapes, previously difficult to produce due to complex machine control.
A new study uses computer learning to create a standardized atlas that can automatically annotate samples, including lost metadata such as tissue type. By combining data from over 7,000 samples and 200 labs, the work represents a way to leverage publically available 'omics data while improving quality control.
A systematic review with network meta-analysis found no significant differences in the associations between glucose-lowering drugs and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality. The study included nearly 120,000 adults with type 2 diabetes and estimated that diabetes accounted for approximately 1.5 million deaths in 2012.
A large clinical trial has found that estrogen therapy does not impact cognitive function in postmenopausal women, contradicting previous theories. The study suggests that healthy women at any stage after menopause should not take hormone supplements to improve memory.
The University of Texas at Arlington has received a Navy grant to develop new methods for testing composite materials used in aircraft parts. The project aims to predict defect formation and improve manufacturing processes, reducing costs and enhancing safety.
Scientists have discovered that iron-rich, low oxygen waters played a key role in delaying the recovery of life on Earth after the Permian-Triassic Boundary extinction. The study found that while toxic sulphides were not present, the oceans were rich in iron, which restricted marine life recovery.
A University of Washington team has sequenced the genome of a key ocean microbe, revealing its surprising role in removing life-supporting nitrogen from the water. The findings provide new insights into how these microbes interact and carry out fundamental processes in the ocean, particularly in deep, low-oxygen waters.
UAB will receive $200,000 per year in base funds for the next five years through the NICHD Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. The network focuses on addressing preterm birth through translational research, genetics, and new technologies.
Researchers created dozens of human-made ponds with cloned water fleas to understand their dispersal patterns and success in the wild. Higher genetic diversity among the clones was found to enhance the likelihood of at least one clone surviving and dominating a new pond, providing insights into aquatic ecosystems.
Researchers discovered a correlation between rare POLE mutations in bowel cancers and improved patient outcomes. These tumours are less likely to recur, particularly when diagnosed at an early stage.
A team of researchers from the British Museum and University of Leicester has discovered new evidence in the Caribbean that reveals a complex interplay between early European colonizers and Native Americans. The findings, published in Antiquity, provide a nuanced understanding of cultural identity formation in the Americas.
Researchers have developed a lipid-like peptoid material that can assemble into a sheet thinner than a soap bubble, with properties similar to those of cell membranes. The material can withstand various liquids and repair itself after damage, making it suitable for water purification, sensors, drug delivery, and energy applications.
A new study found that p-synephrine ingestion increased the rate of fat oxidation and reduced carbohydrate oxidation during low- to moderate-intensity exercise. This suggests that p-synephrine supplements could be useful in increasing fat burn by up to 7g per hour of exercise.
This CVIA special issue explores the latest research and treatments for resistant hypertension, including renal denervation and percutaneous coronary intervention. The featured papers examine the role of radiation exposure in coronary interventional procedures and the optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after stenting.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have discovered that current engineered stem cells are too immature to accurately model ALS. To improve this, they suggest 'aging' the motor neurons in a laboratory dish to better represent the disease's progression.
A team of international researchers found that altruism is favored by random fluctuations in nature, proposing a simple answer to the longstanding puzzle as to why cooperation evolved. This discovery suggests that cooperators benefit more than they lose out due to random decreases in cheating populations.
Researchers investigate whether fiction can broaden minds, promote empathy, and improve mental well-being. Studies show that engaging with narratives can simulate social worlds, prompting understanding and empathy.
Epilepsia Open is an international, peer-reviewed journal covering comprehensive epilepsy research, including clinical trials, imaging and pathology research. The journal aims to make original research widely available through open access publication.
Activation of estrogen receptor alpha in brain region necessary for adult mice to express typical male social behaviors. Inhibition before puberty affects both sexual and aggressive behavior in adulthood.
Researchers found that ordering meals in advance reduces calorie intake, with an average decrease of 38 calories per hour of delay. The study suggests that restaurants can generate health benefits by offering advance ordering options.
Researchers found that older female bonobos form coalitions to attack and defeat aggressive males, helping younger females maintain social status. This coalition-forming behavior allows young females to join the group without fear of male harassment.
Researchers have successfully generated spin waves with extremely short wavelengths in the nanometer range, a key feature for their future application. The new method uses a magnetic vortex as a nano-antenna, allowing for precise control over the wavelength and wave properties.
A new study from Duke University found that infants born to obese mothers were 8% larger during the first two years of life compared to those born to healthy-weight mothers. The study also showed a link between maternal weight gain during pregnancy and infant size.
Research suggests that cranberry polyphenols interact with other bioactive compounds to protect the gut microbiota, provide antioxidant functions, and benefit cardiovascular systems. Cranberries also show promise in strengthening the gut defense system, protecting against infection, and managing glucose levels.
A study from the University of Edinburgh found that older people in Japan were less likely to experience a deterioration of existing chronic conditions after the Fukushima earthquake and nuclear meltdown. In contrast, urban dwellers showed a higher decline in managing their blood sugar levels.
Enhancers can increase the frequency of gene activity bursts, suggesting these bursts may be critical for genetic regulation. The study found that enhancer location and strength influence bursting frequencies.
Researchers discovered a soy-based protein called soy-ghretropin that increases blood levels of ghrelin, an appetite-stimulating hormone. The findings suggest this protein may be developed to help elderly people or anorexic patients with reduced ghrelin levels and food intake.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have discovered a protein that boosts the growth of damaged muscle tissue, potentially contributing to treatments for age-related muscle degeneration and diseases like muscular dystrophy. The protein, β1-integrin, promotes stem cell growth and restoration after muscle injury, with results showing...
A 24-year study of Fowler's Toads has created a model to predict the impact of climate change on animal behavior. The model uses weather records to forecast when toads will emerge from hibernation, revealing that warming temperatures are causing this shift to occur earlier.
Researchers aim to reduce decision-making errors with cognitive flexibility training, building on previous studies that showed sleep deprivation affects sustained attention and causes 'feedback blunting' phenomenon. The three-year project will test its effectiveness in a laboratory-based experiment.
Researchers found significant improvements in eating habits among participants who attended Jamie Oliver's Ministry of Food courses, including increased fruit and vegetable intake. The study also showed a decrease in snack consumption and an increase in cooking confidence.
A new study found that men tend to be more aggressive in messaging users on dating websites, sending multiple messages to attractive females. In contrast, women are more self-conscious about their own attractiveness and evaluate the likelihood of getting a response from potential matches.
House-hunting ants use tandem running to inform colony members about a new nest, increasing the discovery rate and speeding up migration. By regulating their running rate based on distance, ants efficiently minimize transit time and risk involved in migrating longer distances.
Researchers suggest that widespread brain alterations in infants at risk for autism may affect multiple systems, rather than just social brain networks. Early behavioral and imaging studies provide evidence for general abnormalities during the first year of life.
Cancer Research UK has tripled its investment in pancreatic cancer research, aiming to improve diagnosis and treatment. The charity hopes to develop better treatments and improve survival rates for patients affected by the disease.
Researchers have developed a new treatment that blocks neurotransmitters to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, significantly improving patient outcomes. The study found that 74% of participants experienced no nausea or vomiting when treated with olanzapine, compared to 45% on placebo.
Research suggests that home-cooked meals designed for infants and young children often exceed energy density and dietary fat recommendations, yet are cheaper than commercially available baby foods. The study found that commercial products met dietary recommendations on energy density more frequently than home-cooked meals.
A study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology found that nicotine patches and Zyban are effective in helping pregnant women quit smoking, with success rates of 80% and 60%, respectively. The use of these products also reduces the risk of premature birth and low birth weight.
Researchers at University of Missouri have developed a new, low-cost imaging platform that enables single molecule imaging with ordinary microscopes. The patented method uses surface plasmon resonance to achieve super-resolution imaging down to 65 nanometers.
A significant increase in metastatic prostate cancer cases has been observed, particularly among men aged 55-69. This rise is attributed to changes in screening practices and highlights the need for refining prostate cancer screening and treatment in the US.
A new study of ancient graptolite fossils reveals that plankton communities began changing in important ways 400,000 years before massive extinctions. The effects of environmental degradation can be subtle until they reach a tipping point, leading to dramatic declines in population.
Researchers found a negative correlation between rainfall in north-western Africa and Europe 10,000 years ago, reversing in the early Holocene period. Climate simulations suggest the North American ice sheet's melting affected atmospheric circulation patterns and ocean currents, leading to the change in correlation.
Researchers suggest combining genetics and cognitive bias studies to better understand mental health, finding that shared genes can make individuals prone to both positivity and negativity.
In a controlled study, researchers found that two aye-ayes and a slow loris could discriminate between varying concentrations of alcohol and preferred the highest concentrations. The findings support the idea that fermented foods were important in human ancestors' diets, potentially pre-adapting humans for the Neolithic Revolution.
Researchers found that subdermal buprenorphine implants maintained low to no illicit opioid use among currently stable opioid-dependent patients. The study showed that 72% of participants who received buprenorphine implants and 64% of those who received sublingual buprenorphine maintained opioid abstinence over six months.
A new study published in Radiology found that radiologists who graduated after 1940 do not face an increased risk of dying from radiation-related causes like cancer. The researchers attributed the reduction in health risks to improvements in radiation protection and monitoring, as well as advancements in equipment safety.
A recent study found that nearly 1 in 10 patients discharged from state psychiatric hospitals continue to take multiple antipsychotic drugs. The high rate of antipsychotic polypharmacy is attributed to a diagnosis of schizophrenia and extended hospital stays, highlighting the need for revised standards and definitions.
Cirrhosis patients experience impaired immunity due to gut bacteria migration into the liver. Scientists identify that Type-1 IFN released by immune cells incapacitates the immune system, leading to fatal bacterial infections. Strengthening the immune response may now treat life-threatening infections without antibiotics.