A new method for extracting, enriching and identifying chemical warfare agents from oils and organic liquids has been developed, using nanoparticles to capture the chemicals. The method can identify agents at low concentrations, overcomes challenges of detecting water-repellent agents, and has potential to save lives.
A study by Naomi Zimmerman and colleagues found that newer fuel-efficient engines may actually increase global warming due to higher black carbon emissions. Installing particulate filters in these engines could help balance this impact, but factors like engine design and location play a role.
The study found that both aripiprazole and quetiapine were effective in improving symptoms of schizophrenia, particularly positive symptoms. However, aripiprazole demonstrated slightly better efficacy in general psychopathology and insight. No significant increase in extrapyramidal adverse effects was observed in either group.
The study characterizes the materials used to build the galleries and analyzes their deterioration, providing valuable insights for future reconstruction decisions. The main components of mortars include calcite and gypsum, with alite and belite also detected in clinker-based Portland cement.
Researchers at UVA discover that the immune system directly affects social behavior, with blocking a specific molecule causing abnormal hyperactivity in mice. Restoring the molecule restored normal brain connectivity and behavior.
A new study from University of Toronto researchers reveals that gasoline-direct injection (GDI) engines, touted for their fuel efficiency, may actually emit more climate-warming black carbon and toxic pollutants than conventional engines. The study found that GDI engines ranked in the 73rd percentile for black carbon emissions, while v...
A comprehensive checklist of Amazonian tree species has been compiled, revealing over 11,676 known species and approximately 4,000 rare ones yet to be discovered. The analysis, which utilized digitized museum collections data, suggests that the search for new tree species will continue for three more centuries.
A Swiss analysis found that treating Nivolumab only to patients with positive PD-L1 tests compared to DOC or all patients with NIV is more cost-effective, with ICERs below the WTP threshold. Treating only patients with ?1% or ?10% PD-L1+ with NIV also results in improved cost-effectiveness.
Researchers have created a diagnostic model called the Framingham Steatosis Index (FSI) that can accurately predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The FSI is highly predictive and may become a cheaper alternative to screen for liver fat.
Researchers study how plants distinguish between essential nitrate and harmful chloride ions, finding a functional complex of two anion channels SLAH1 and SLAH3. This discovery could lead to optimizing crop salt tolerance in the future.
Researchers visualize peptidoglycan 'wall' in moss chloroplasts for the first time, overturning traditional understanding of chloroplast structure. The discovery has significant implications for our knowledge of plant cell biology and the origins of photosynthesis.
Researchers at Queen's University have found that combining pregabalin with duloxetine improves fibromyalgia symptoms, offering a new treatment option for patients. The study suggests that this combination can safely improve pain relief, physical function, and overall quality of life.
Physicists at OIST predict existence of new spin liquid with fluctuating magnetism, sharing similarities with gauge symmetries. Experimental confirmation through neutron scattering experiments is predicted, potentially revealing 'pinch lines' in specific materials.
A new York University study suggests that fat cells can promote breast cancer growth in obese individuals but prevent it in lean people. Exercise has been shown to counteract the life-threatening effects of obesity and even completely prevent breast cancer growth.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have developed a novel method for culturing human stem cells using a protein derived from human blood, which could lead to faster and more cost-effective large-scale production. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine and disease research.
A rare 50-million-year-old Baltic amber discovery shows an ancient insect, similar to a walking stick, escaping its skin and fleeing into freedom as tree sap flows over the remaining exoskeleton.
The study highlights the potential for attacks on 3D-printed products, including those with internal defects that can cause devastating impact. The researchers recommend new cybersecurity methods and tools to protect critical parts from such compromise.
Researchers develop a simple, affordable method to produce strong, tunable carbon foam by using super-toasted bread, a potential game-changer for various industries. The foam's inner pore structure can be adjusted by changing the yeast and water content.
Researchers at Penn Medicine discovered that breast cancer drug trastuzumab affects the development of blood vessels in the heart, leading to potential cardiovascular side effects. The study highlights a new role for ErbB2 protein in blood vessel formation and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these side effects.
Scientists have developed a new technique to selectively block the disease-causing protein in mice with spinocerbellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6). The method uses a modified virus to deliver micro RNA that prevents SCA6 from developing, offering a potential treatment for other diseases caused by mutations in bicistronic genes.
A new mouse study shows that diet response is highly individualized and dependent on genetic composition. The researchers found that different mice strains responded differently to various diets, including Western, Mediterranean, and ketogenic diets.
Scientists have discovered two new strains of the HTLV-4 virus in hunters bitten by gorillas in Gabon, supporting the notion that gorillas are a major source of infectious agents. The findings suggest that gorilla bites can lead to chronic persistence of the virus in humans.
Researchers at Hokkaido University found that biglycan molecule attracts tumor cells to blood vessel walls, facilitating metastasis formation. High biglycan expression linked to poor prognosis in breast, lung, and colorectal cancer patients.
Researchers have developed an implantable device that can deliver HIV prevention drugs sustainably for up to 60 days. The transcutaneously refillable device utilizes nanochannel delivery systems to control the release of pre-exposure prophylaxis drugs, addressing a significant challenge in current treatments.
Researchers have developed a system to quickly screen millions of yeast cells for protein aggregates, offering new ways to explore their causes and potential therapies. The technology was used to study prions, Huntington's disease, and prion-switching, providing insights into the toxic effects of misfolded proteins.
Hydroelectric dams can have devastating effects on aquatic insect populations and the food webs they support. Hydropeaking, which generates artificial tides to meet power needs, is a significant contributor to these environmental impacts.
Researchers developed a microfluidic chip to study adipose-derived adult stem cells' development into mature fat cells. The platform successfully converted cells into mature fat cells while decoding signalling pathways.
Research found blood glucose health deteriorating in obese adults, despite progress in lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The study suggests controlling weight in obese adults to reduce the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications.
Researchers have found that chromatin remodeling proteins, essential for DNA replication and gene expression, are frequently mutated in human cancers. These mutations indicate tumor suppressive functions, making chromatin remodelers promising new targets for targeted cancer therapy.
Researchers followed 1,455 women for 15 years, finding four distinct trajectories for hot flashes and night sweats. Characteristics such as education level, alcohol consumption, and depression/anxiety levels were associated with different symptom patterns.
A follow-up study of two US Army veterans with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) finds that while progress is slow, close personal relationships and medical care can sustain them over time. The researchers attribute the men's resilience to the importance of these factors in their recovery.
The IBS team successfully detected hot electrons in a liquid interface, expanding the possibilities for catalytic reactions. This breakthrough may lead to highly efficient devices for applications such as fuel cells and artificial photosynthesis.
Researchers discovered a previously unknown interaction between metabolic pathways in two tissues, triggering a key step in maturation and regulating the transport of lipids from storage to reproductive cells. This intertissue dialogue is a remarkable strategy to precisely choreograph the transition to adulthood.
A new study found that daughters and sons of mothers who married young are more likely to want to marry in their late teens or early 20s, while those whose moms divorced tend to delay marriage. This suggests that children's marital expectations may be influenced by their parents' choices.
A Dana-Farber Cancer Institute study found that repeated doses of an immunotherapy drug, ipilimumab, restored complete remission in some patients with relapsed blood cancers after a stem-cell transplant. The treatment reduced cancer in 59% of the patients.
Researchers at the University of Oxford have made breakthrough in treating HIV by targeting its dormant cells. A novel protein called ImmTAV has been shown to effectively kill latently infected cells in laboratory conditions.
Mobile health technology has the potential to improve healthcare quality and expand access to services, but researchers warn that current measures may not be enough to safeguard patient data. The authors propose several research challenges to address issues like data sharing, authentication, and anonymity.
A Swedish study found that trigger events like exposure to violence were linked to increased risk of violent crime among patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The study also revealed a higher risk for individuals without psychiatric diagnoses who experienced similar triggers.
Researchers from George Washington University have received a $28 million grant to develop an innovative cell therapy approach to eliminate HIV reservoirs. The project, named 'BELIEVE,' aims to enhance the immune system's ability to kill HIV-infected cells.
Tropical Storm Darby strengthened rapidly, with maximum sustained winds reaching 70 mph and gusts exceeding 110 kph. NASA used satellite imagery to estimate the storm's minimum central pressure at 998 millibars.
A new UBC study found that telling stories depicting black individuals positively can reduce implicit racial bias in children aged 9-12. This intervention was more effective than previous research, which showed biased attitudes from as young as five.
A team of researchers has identified an enzyme called Aurora kinase that plays a key role in the regeneration process of single-celled organisms like Stentor. By inhibiting this enzyme, they were able to speed up the healing process without any negative side effects.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center will investigate prostate cancer metastasis using a multi-disciplinary approach that integrates molecular, cellular and clinical information into mathematical models. The goal is to better understand the key factors driving disease progression and identify new therapeutic targets for prevention.
The US Army's MHRP is part of a collaborative research team awarded $4.6M per year to develop an integrated approach to finding an HIV cure. Researchers will study immune responses generated by therapeutic vaccines and broadly neutralizing antibodies.
A CCNY-led study reveals differing treatment options for women smokers, finding varenicline significantly improves quit rates compared to nicotine patch and bupropion. The research highlights the importance of considering sex differences in smoking cessation pharmacotherapy.
The University of Texas at El Paso received $1.9 million from the NSF to address PCAST report findings on uninspiring introductory courses and faculty unwelcoming atmosphere, aiming to foster positive student identities in computer science.
Researchers suggest Rembrandt used lenses and projections to achieve realistic self-portraits, citing Chiaroscuro effects and unusual head proportions. The study's findings support the idea that Old Masters utilized optical technology.
Research suggests that prolonged drug use can damage the brains of cocaine and methamphetamine users, leading to difficulty with moral decision making. The study found abnormal neural activity in the frontal lobes and limbic regions of their brains during moral processing.
Researchers reviewed polypharmacological drugs for their role in treating epilepsy, highlighting their potential as broad-spectrum anticonvulsants. These medications have been shown to reduce seizure episodes and improve quality of life by targeting multiple pathways involved in the disorder.
Researchers explore cyclic opioid peptides with constrained topographical structure, offering improved affinities and selectivities at target receptors. The benefits of cyclization have been enhanced through the generation of polycyclic peptides, promoting increased stability and therapeutic potential for novel therapeutics.
A new study by Colorado State University researchers suggests that women's decision to leave a STEM path after Calculus I is largely driven by confidence in their math abilities, rather than ability itself. If the same percentage of women as men stuck with STEM after Calc I, the percentage of women entering the STEM workforce could be ...
A large international study found that being overweight or obese significantly increases the risk of dying prematurely, with a BMI of 40.0-<60.0 kg/m2 associated with nearly three-fold risk.
A review article argues that telehealth will transform healthcare delivery, providing access to care at a lower cost. The authors identify three trends reshaping telehealth: making care more accessible, expanding its application beyond acute conditions, and migrating from hospitals to home and mobile devices.
When bacteria are confined to millimeter-sized, fluid-filled oval tracks, they quickly organize into a collective motion, with individuals moving in opposite directions. The research, published in the New Journal of Physics, shows that mechanical interactions between bacteria and their surroundings drive this complex behavior.
Researchers found cavefish have high body fat levels and insulin resistance but remain healthy. They may hold the key to understanding human diseases like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes.
Researchers are using multidisciplinary approaches to genetically improve disease resistance, flooding tolerance, and cell wall composition in sorghum. This work aims to maximize the usefulness of sorghum as a bioenergy crop while minimizing input requirements.
A University of Utah study found that traditional lawn watering recommendations are often inaccurate for urban conditions in Los Angeles. By measuring evapotranspiration in shaded areas, researchers developed a new approach to adjust watering rates and achieved higher accuracy than existing models.
Researchers at EPFL have developed an osmotic power generation system that delivers unparalleled efficiency, using a new type of membrane just 3 atoms thick. The system harnesses the movement of salt ions between fresh water and seawater to generate electricity.
Researchers are using bioreactors to intercept nitrogen-rich drainage water from tile-drained fields, neutralizing the nutrient that causes problems for aquatic ecosystems. The trenches enhance a natural process, converting nitrogen into benign gas, and have shown promise in improving water quality.
Microalgae have tremendous potential in industrial biotechnology due to their applications in food, medications, and environmental biotechnology. The University of Cologne's new method using Porous Substrate Bioreactors (PSBR) reduces liquid consumption by up to 100 times, making it more cost-efficient and energy-saving.