A study published in JAMA Surgery found that gastric bypass surgery significantly reduced mortality rates in patients aged older than 35 years. The lack of mortality benefit for younger patients was attributed to a higher number of externally caused deaths, mainly among women.
A University of Illinois researcher identified four distinct approaches that dating couples use to develop deeper commitment. Dramatic daters experience wild swings in commitment levels due to negative events, while partner-focused couples prioritize mutual involvement and conscientiousness. Conflict-ridden couples face tension between...
Scientists from PTB reduce the measurement uncertainty of their ytterbium clock to 3 E-18, exceeding predictions by Hans Dehmelt in 1981. The achievement showcases the accuracy and stability of optical atomic clocks.
Researchers discovered that Atlantic molly fish have a two-pronged approach to survival: becoming inert to toxins and detoxifying hydrogen sulfide more efficiently. This allows them to thrive in water with high levels of hydrogen sulfide, which is toxic to most forms of life.
The interaction of water and magma can dramatically increase the explosivity of a volcanic eruption, producing billowing clouds that deposit tephra as fine-grained ash within 10 km of the vent area. The study of the 2008 Okmok eruption in Alaska provides insights into water-magma interactions and their impact on eruption parameters.
A new study by the University of Toronto found that individuals with schizophrenia have a lifetime prevalence of 39.2% for suicide attempts, compared to 2.8% of those without the disorder. Those who experienced childhood physical abuse were five times more likely to attempt suicide.
Red raspberries contain essential nutrients like vitamin C and fiber, which may help reduce the risk of metabolically-based chronic diseases. The polyphenolic components in red raspberries have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, making them a promising food for heart health and brain function.
Researchers from Spain and Italy have identified the source of ancient Roman marble using microscopic and geochemical techniques. The study found that the marble came from quarries in Turkey and Greece, with variations in crystal size, manganese content, and isotopes providing key clues.
Researchers developed AI software to teach a quadrocopter to autonomously recognize and follow forest trails. The drone was able to find the correct direction in 85% of cases, outperforming humans who guessed correctly 82% of the time. This breakthrough enables drones to complement rescue teams and accelerate searches for missing people.
Leading global health bodies, including academic journals and NGOs, have pledged to share data on the Zika crisis. The declaration aims to facilitate a rapid global response and promote open science in public health emergencies.
Researchers have devised several lipid-based diets aimed at slowing down progression and relieving symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. These diets, such as the Fortasyn diet enriched with fish oil, have been shown to increase density of muscarinic receptors and cholinergic synapses in the hippocampus.
Researchers at Tufts University have discovered the bioelectric mechanism behind craniofacial defects in Andersen-Tawil syndrome, a rare genetic disorder. The finding may also shed light on fetal alcohol syndrome and other conditions.
Research reveals that chronic drinking also promotes the growth of gut bacteria that can travel to the liver and exacerbate liver disease. The study found that boosting intestinal defense against certain bacteria may help patients with alcoholic liver disease.
A new study based on the Framingham Heart Study data reveals a progressive decline in dementia incidence over nearly 40 years, with a 20% reduction per decade since the 1970s. The decline was more pronounced in persons with high school education and above, suggesting the importance of effective prevention strategies.
Researchers found that dairy farm waste treated with an advanced anaerobic digestion system still contained high levels of estrogens and antibiotics, which can harm wildlife and contribute to antibiotic resistance. The study highlights the need for improved treatment techniques to remove these chemicals from waste.
A study by SF State researchers found that individuals experiencing anger, contempt and disgust are more likely to act aggressively towards those they disagree with. The study suggests that identifying the specific emotional mix that leads to aggression can help prevent hostile behavior.
Researchers explore internal and social behavior, using mathematical tools to analyze brain activity. The study reveals a substance that influences financial decisions, highlighting the need for guiding rules in brain function.
A new study finds that pregnancy can reduce PTSD symptoms in some women, while exacerbating them in others. Women who suffered a new stress or trauma during pregnancy and had anxiety about giving birth were at highest risk of worsening symptoms.
Researchers studied droplet behavior on different coatings to optimize industrial processes like plastic extrusion. The study found that boundary layer velocity influences the flow behavior of small droplets, and atomic-scale surface modifications can alter molecular velocities.
Penguin parents' fixed division of labor makes them vulnerable to climate change, as they cannot adapt to food shortages. Sharing roles could provide up to 34.5% more feeds for chicks, but it's a complex strategy due to the smaller, less aggressive females' limitations.
A report published in Annals of Internal Medicine describes the first known case of Zika virus in a US resident following travel to Costa Rica. The traveler exhibited symptoms and had test results that indicated Zika infection, highlighting the need for travelers to avoid day-biting mosquitoes.
ASTRO-H will observe X-ray sources like galaxy clusters and neutron stars up to 10 times fainter than its predecessor Suzaku. The observatory uses four co-aligned focusing X-ray telescopes and cutting-edge instruments to provide simultaneous coverage across its entire energy range.
A PLOS ONE study found that inhibitory control affects physical problem-solving in pet dogs. The ability to 'wait-for-treat' was identified as a key factor in their problem-solving performance.
Infants as young as a few months can understand the physical properties of liquids, including loose cohesiveness and changes in shape with movement. This 'naïve physics' knowledge is evident even when faced with unexpected behaviors, such as liquids getting trapped on grids or solids passing through them.
A team from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München has discovered that the enzyme Dicer promotes the development of atherosclerosis by activating endothelial cells. Inhibition of Dicer using a specific microRNA reduces inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation.
The new UK alcohol guidelines are unlikely to have a direct impact on drinking, but they do raise awareness of harm. The guidelines present novel information on the link between alcohol and cancer, leading to increased online searches for related terms.
A study found a direct correlation between poor fitness and reduced brain volume decades later, indicating accelerated brain aging. Participants with higher blood pressure and heart rate responses during exercise were more likely to have smaller brain volumes.
Pathogens and Immunity, an online, open-access journal, simplifies the submission and review process, reducing it from one day to five minutes. Senior editors at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine revise biomedical publications standards in immunology and infectious diseases.
A new study found that marijuana use among US adults increased by about 20% over the last decade, but problems related to the drug remained steady. The study's findings contradict previous reports of a doubling in marijuana use and its associated disorders.
Researchers at MIT used high-speed imaging to capture the intricate process of sneezing, revealing a paint-like pattern of fluid fragmentation. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding disease transmission and identifying super-spreaders.
A team of international researchers has discovered a way to convert waste heat into electrical energy using magnetic spin waves. By exploiting the spin Seebeck effect, they were able to demonstrate that thermal energy can be converted into electrical energy in an adjacent metallic layer.
A recent study found two genetic mutations in the SLC19A3 gene to be strongly associated with reduced risk of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. These mutations, which prevent high blood sugar damage to tiny blood vessels, have significant implications for diabetes prevention and treatment.
Tropical Storm 10S formed over the Southern Indian Ocean after being tracked by NASA's Terra satellite. The storm's maximum sustained winds reached 35 knots (40 mph) on Feb 10 and are expected to peak at 50 knots (57.5 mph) on Feb 11 before weakening due to strong wind shear.
Researchers found that chronic alcohol consumption impairs the body's ability to keep microbes in check, leading to bacterial migration and increased risk of liver disease. Restoring natural gut antibiotics may help treat the disease.
A study published in Circulation found that prostate cancer survivors are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease due to hormone therapy. The Vanderbilt Cardio-oncology program is working to modulate these risks through collaborative care and personalized interventions.
Alicia Carriquiry's symposium aims to improve statistical and scientific study in forensics, with a focus on pattern and digital evidence. The Center for Statistics and Applications in Forensic Evidence will build a solid foundation under two branches of forensics.
Researchers found that mindlessly slim individuals prioritize quality over quantity in their diet and engage in enjoyment-based eating habits.
Researchers found that less than a third of PCORI-funded grants were implemented in primary care settings, contradicting the organization's goal. However, PCORI successfully diversified its funding by awarding 25% of grants to PhD-holding principal investigators.
A new study using an advanced computer model casts doubt on the previously held theories about Yellowstone's origins, adding to the mystery of its formation. The simulation results showed that a mantle plume was blocked from traveling upward toward the surface by ancient tectonic plates.
Researchers at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology found that enhancing neuronal activity through melanopsin and DREADD-Gq stimulates axonal regeneration in adult mice. This suggests a new approach to facilitate neural repair after CNS damage.
Researchers discovered that statin drugs interact with a gap junction protein called GJC3, releasing ATP and causing inflammation. The discovery provides a new target for understanding why some patients experience harmful effects like muscle toxicity when taking statins.
Scientists have discovered two new giant bent-toed gecko species in New Guinea, one of which reaches up to 17 cm in length, making it the largest of its kind. The geckos, named 'king' and 'knight', exhibit unique characteristics such as dark grey-brown markings and alternating regions of coloration.
Researchers found that vinegar suppressed inflammation-inducing proteins while improving the gut's bacterial makeup in mice with ulcerative colitis. The study also showed that treatment lowered levels of proteins that induce damaging inflammation, suggesting a potential therapeutic effect.
Researchers suggest that large-scale CO2 removal schemes could have significant environmental impacts, including land use changes and financial costs. The proposed methods include growing bioenergy crops, tree plantations, and adding biochar to soil, but their effectiveness at scale remains uncertain.
Involving patients, families, and healthcare professionals in clinical trial design has been shown to increase recruitment rates by 30% and retention rates by 27%. This approach ensures that the needs of all stakeholders are considered, resulting in more accurate and relevant study outcomes.
Researchers studied 23 active cocaine users and found they exhibited an impaired ability to adjust their behavior and were less fulfilled once they achieved their desired reward. This disconnect between craving for a drug and regulating behavior may be key to breaking the cycle of addiction.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have developed a device called LIGHTSABR that can screen millions of compounds in a week for about $500. The device overcomes technical challenges in miniaturized screening and allows users to adjust the dose of the compound being tested.
Scientists have developed a new drug targeting the malaria parasite's proteasome, which could combat the growing resistance to first-defence treatments. The innovative approach has shown promising results in killing resistant parasites and may complement existing artemisinin drugs.
Sir Peter Gluckman has been chosen by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) to receive the 2015 Award for Science Diplomacy. He is recognized for transforming the theory and practice of science advice, bringing together practitioners into a global network.
Researchers developed a new method to study genetic differences between long-separated species of yeast, providing insights into how mutations shape growth and behavior. The discovery has implications for understanding age-related diseases and developing new treatments.
A new study finds that only 9% of weight loss programs adhere to expert medical guidelines, leaving consumers unclear about their regimen. The majority of programs lack essential components like high-intensity interventions and moderate physical activity.
Researchers have developed a terahertz transmitter that can transmit data at over 10 gigabits per second over multiple channels, exceeding 100 gigabits per second. The technology could revolutionize wireless communication with speeds ten times higher than current technology allows.
Research at University of Kent reveals that adult male chimpanzees base grooming interactions on potential social partners nearby. Contrary to existing theories, these decisions are driven by direct benefits rather than trust-based relationships.
TB cases decreased in recent US entrants from Mexico, Philippines, India, Vietnam, and China due to decreases in population and TB case rates. Non-recent entrants also experienced an unexpected decline, highlighting the need for strategies impacting both groups to further reduce TB morbidity.
A study led by UMass Amherst ecologist Kristina Stinson examines climate change's impact on maple syrup quality, including its chemical composition. The researchers aim to predict maple syrup quality under future climate conditions and explore management strategies.
A study published in PLOS ONE analyzed the oxygen, strontium, and carbon isotope ratios in 105 Roman skeletons to determine their geographical origin and diet. The researchers found evidence of migrants from North Africa and the Alps, mostly children and men, whose diets likely changed significantly upon arrival.
Researchers analyze 500 scientific articles to develop a mathematical model for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. They identify potential biomarkers and clinical parameters to accurately determine cancer stage and develop individual treatment strategies.
Researchers develop a new technique to determine the spatial structures of proteins and molecules without prior knowledge, revolutionizing crystallography. The method provides insights into the modes of action of biomolecules and can lead to tailor-made drugs for diseases.
New research suggests that lithium-ion battery compounds can be toxic to certain soil-dwelling bacteria, which play a crucial role in environmental cycling. The study's findings highlight the need for more sustainable battery materials.
Drs. D'Onofrio and Fiellin's study found that ED-initiated buprenorphine treatment significantly increased successful addiction treatment initiation and reduced opioid use outcomes among opioid-dependent patients. The study's results suggest a promising intervention for addressing opioid dependence in general medical settings.