A team of scientists has determined the 3D structure of the human proteasome in unprecedented detail, revealing its exact mechanism and a crucial role for a previously unknown chemical reaction. This knowledge will pave the way to develop more effective cancer therapies by optimizing inhibitor design and efficacy.
Researchers at RMIT University have developed self-propelling liquid metals, a critical step towards flexible and dynamically reconfigurable soft circuit systems. The breakthrough enables liquid metal to move autonomously in three dimensions, opening the door to new applications in smart engineering solutions and biomedicine.
A review suggests that acupuncture improves subtle memory loss before dementia development, with potential benefits when combined with drug treatment. However, more rigorous clinical trials are required to confirm its effectiveness and safety.
Researchers tracked individual bumblebees throughout their lives using harmonic radar technology, revealing distinct exploration and exploitation flight patterns. The study provides insights into how to manage landscapes to benefit plants, insects, and agricultural crops, as well as understanding gene spread and parasite transmission.
Researchers developed a 'dual molecular tuner' to rapidly manipulate two proteins in mammalian cells, offering an easy way to perform in-depth analyses. The tool uses plant hormones to target specific proteins for degradation, allowing for reversible and controllable manipulation of protein levels.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of brain training exercises found that speed of processing training can significantly reduce the risk of dementia. The study, which included 2,832 participants, showed a 48% reduction in dementia risk over 10 years with this specific exercise.
Researchers provide geological evidence for China's Great Flood, dated to 1920 BC, contradicting traditional timelines and offering a new perspective on the Xia dynasty's origins. The study suggests that the flood may have inspired a cultural response to an extreme natural disaster that connected groups along the Yellow River.
A new study from Indiana University finds nearly one in four people share sexts, with most participants experiencing discomfort with unauthorized sharing. The study also highlights age-related risks and gender differences in sexting attitudes.
Research reveals that obese individuals' brains display differences in white matter similar to those in lean individuals ten years older, from middle-age onwards. Obesity may affect the onset and progression of brain aging, with potential implications for health and cognitive abilities.
A research team at the Krembil Research Institute has discovered two tissue biomarkers that directly contribute to harmful joint degeneration associated with spine osteoarthritis. Elevated levels of these biomarkers cause inflammation, cartilage destruction, and collagen depletion.
Researchers have found evidence that botulinum toxins can move beyond the injection site, entering nerve cells and causing symptoms consistent with botulism. The study uses a lab dish system to visualize toxin movement, shedding light on the potential for remote effects of this deadly substance.
The study reveals that p53's RNA-binding capacity plays a crucial role in controlling mRNA translation, with some mutant forms of the protein even promoting tumour growth. By binding to MDMX mRNA, p53 can suppress its own negative regulator, highlighting a previously unknown mechanism of action for this essential tumour suppressor.
A study of monozygotic Swedish twins found that higher BMI was associated with increased risk of diabetes, but not heart attack or death. The results suggest that interventions promoting weight loss may be more effective in reducing diabetes risk than cardiovascular disease and mortality.
Researchers identified a gene driving scarring in conjunctival tissue, linked to mucous membrane pemphigoid, a common cause of blinding conjunctivitis. Disulfiram treatment effectively reduced inflammation and prevented scarring in mouse models and human cells.
Men spend more time engaged in peaceful physical contact after sports matches than women do, suggesting traditional gender roles influence conflict resolution. The study lends support to the warrior hypothesis, which proposes males prioritize cooperation over individual hard feelings.
A Buck Institute study found a key protein involved in nutrient sensing differs between male and female mice, impacting diabetes risk. Boosting this protein reduces obesity and insulin resistance in male mice.
A recent study found that nearly half of pediatric clinical trials are either discontinued early or remain unpublished in the medical literature. The research suggests significant inefficiency and waste in the field, with more than 8,000 children participating in unfinished trials and over 69,000 enrolled in completed but unpublished t...
Researchers identified 930 genes associated with excessive drinking behavior in genetically diverse rats, indicating a complex trait influenced by many genes and the environment. The study confirmed previously linked genes and uncovered new genetic pathways, some of which could be targets for treatment.
Scientists developed a new X-ray microscopy technique to image nanoscale changes in lithium-ion battery particles as they charge and discharge. The real-time images reveal non-uniform charging processes that curbs battery performance over time, offering insights to improve batteries for electric vehicles and smartphones.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology identified fgf20a and fgf3/10a as major fibroblast growth factor ligands involved in fin regeneration. Fgf signalling acts directly on fin ray mesenchyme to form a blastema, promoting cell proliferation and tissue recovery.
A new study by Joyce Benenson found that men are more likely to engage in friendly physical contact after competition than women. This finding supports the 'male warrior hypothesis,' which suggests that males broker good feelings after conflict to ensure they can call on allies to defend their group.
Dr. Jaephil Cho, a top researcher in secondary batteries, has been selected into the list of 'Most Cited Researchers' in Materials Science and Engineering, with eight Korean researchers and five institutions including UNIST making the cut. His research focuses on high-energy-density cathode and anode materials.
Researchers studied coral species at volcanic CO2 vents in Papua New Guinea and found that they can regulate their internal pH, allowing them to grow despite ocean acidification. This discovery provides insights into the potential long-term survival of corals under climate change scenarios.
A European and US research team has successfully determined the structure of the most disease-relevant beta-amyloid peptide 1–42 fibrils at atomic resolution. The findings simplify the targeted search for drugs to treat Alzheimer's dementia, offering hope for a potential cure in the next decade.
The study reveals murky marketing practices and false advertising in the industry, with websites often making unsubstantiated claims about adult stem cells and targeting anti-aging/skincare applications.
Tiny drones are programmed to apply precise dots of ink to create portraits on paper, showcasing the potential for artistic collaboration between humans and machines.
A new study finds that climate change could remobilize abandoned hazardous waste from a US military base in Greenland, potentially disrupting nearby ecosystems. The camp's infrastructure and waste are estimated to contain toxic pollutants like PCBs and radioactive coolant.
Scientists have pinpointed the specific part of the brain that helps older adults differentiate speech sounds in background noise. The study found that the speech motor area of the frontal lobe steps in to compensate for hearing loss, enabling seniors to identify speech embedded in noise.
Researchers at CSI Singapore found that inhibiting protein BMI1 can stop lung cancer growth. Low levels of C/EBPa protein result in poorer survival and high expression of BMI1.
A Stanford-led team has devised a way to visualize the fundamental building blocks of lithium-ion batteries, revealing a complex process that was previously understood in average terms. The study could lead to better battery designs and longer lifetimes by improving uniformity and reducing mechanical stress.
A new study from Johns Hopkins Medicine found that one-on-one coaching sessions with trained pharmacists and dietitians significantly reduced blood pressure among participants, especially those who were African American. The program's motivational interviewing approach helped patients set achievable goals and address medication concerns.
A new study published in Nutrients found that Montmorency tart cherry juice concentrate improved recovery among semi-professional male soccer players after a simulated game. The study found greater functional performance, reduced inflammation, and decreased muscle soreness in the Montmorency group compared to the placebo group.
A team of Russian physicists developed a method to use the magnetocaloric effect for targeted drug delivery to implants, avoiding rejection. The technique involves applying an external magnetic field to lower the temperature of a magnetic material, releasing a controlled dose of medication at the implant site.
Researchers found that over half of patients with a rare form of sarcoma had genetic errors in genes known to increase cancer risk, such as p53 and BRCA1. This study provides new clues to the phenomenon of 'cancer families' and suggests that multiple genetic mutations working together may contribute to inherited cancer predisposition.
A New York University study found that marijuana use is associated with increased feelings of self-attractiveness, sociability, and boldness, while also being linked to vaginal dryness. In contrast, alcohol use was more commonly associated with social outgoingness and atypical partner choice, as well as post-sex regret.
Researchers found that eliminating p19ARF-expressing cells enhances pulmonary function in mice. Senescent cells contribute to tissue aging and impaired lung function with age.
A landmark study published in The Lancet Oncology reveals new genetic risk factors for sarcoma, a disproportionate cause of disease-related death among children and young adults in Australia. Carrying two or more of these rare mutations increases an individual's cancer risk.
A University of Missouri study found that preschoolers with strong understanding of number words and quantities are better prepared for math in kindergarten. The research suggests that focusing on these fundamental concepts can lead to greater success in school.
Scientists have identified a clear distinction between two strains of mice susceptible to Ascaris infection, with the resistant strain showing an earlier immune response and more rapid tissue repair. The study suggests manipulating hepatic ROS levels may confer resistance to Ascaris in susceptible mice.
Researchers at University of Maryland discover 'blue whirl' fire tornado that burns nearly soot-free, offering a cleaner and more efficient combustion method. This discovery could lead to better oil spill cleanup techniques with reduced harmful emissions.
Researchers at Kyoto University observed spontaneous smiles in newborn Japanese macaques, suggesting that this behavior has been present for over 30 million years. These early smiles are believed to be related to the development of cheek muscles, enabling the production of real smiles and laughter.
A US military base in Greenland, built during the Cold War, could re-release frozen hazardous waste into the environment as its ice cover melts. The site, known as Camp Century, contains an estimated 200,000 liters of diesel fuel and toxic pollutants like PCBs.
Research shows curiosity can influence choice by steering away from temptations and toward healthier options. Experiments found that piquing curiosity resulted in noticeable behavior change.
The RAND Corporation has launched a web-based guide to support community leaders in planning and implementing teen pregnancy prevention programs. The Getting To Outcomes Guide for Teen Pregnancy Prevention offers tools and instructions to assess program needs, select goals and outcomes, and evaluate program effectiveness.
A newly-named fossil whale species, Echovenator sandersi, had superior high-frequency hearing ability, helping scientists understand the evolution of this specialized sense. The study, published in Current Biology, pushes the origin of high frequency hearing in whales farther back in time.
A study published in JAMA Ophthalmology found that sedentary behavior is associated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy. Participants with diabetes who spent more time sitting had a 16% higher chance of developing mild or worse DR compared to those who were more active.
Two vaccine candidates have shown complete protection against the Zika virus in rhesus monkeys, with no adverse effects observed. The findings, published in the journal Science, provide a promising lead for developing a safe and effective human vaccine to combat this mosquito-borne disease.
A new study has identified gene expression profiles in renal cell carcinoma patients that are less likely to respond to the immunotherapy nivolumab. The study found that tumors with higher levels of metabolism-related genes were more likely to resist treatment and did not benefit from nivolumab, which targets PD-L1 protein.
Research presented at the American Psychological Association's annual convention found that focusing on one's future can help individuals make better financial decisions. The study, which surveyed over 700 adults in the US, discovered that those who spent more time contemplating events yet to come scored significantly lower in impulsiv...
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may benefit from incorporating soy isoflavones into their diets, according to a new study. The study found that consuming soy isoflavones regularly can lower levels of insulin in the blood and improve metabolic health.
The University of Sheffield has developed a new approach to teaching health and safety, using chocolate as a test material in experimental practical work. This innovative method increases student engagement and helps students understand the importance of health and safety in their studies and future careers.
A new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that a combination of three medications—dapagliflozin, liraglutide, and insulin—helped people with Type 1 diabetes improve blood sugar control and lose weight. The therapy also showed impressive improvements in blood glucose management.
A nationwide poll of 2,044 US adults found that loss of eyesight is the worst ailment respondents could imagine, ranking it alongside losing a limb or hearing. The survey also revealed high awareness of cataracts and glaucoma but low knowledge about other eye conditions.
Researchers discovered mice's instinctive behavioral responses based on vision alone, offering a reliable way for future studies. The study found mice freeze 84% of the time when seeing small discs moving slowly across the screen, while fleeing 88% of the time when seeing growing discs simulating approaching predators.
Spiders in large colonies can go extinct when they share food equitably, new UBC research reveals. The study found that large colonies struggle to capture prey, leading to massive die-offs.
A recent study by the Medical University of South Carolina found that African American women with lower socioeconomic status are at a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer. The study revealed a significant inverse association between SES and ovarian cancer risk, with women having a college degree or higher experiencing a 29% lower r...
A new study found that manipulating the perception of mistakes can further enhance motor skills after an initial performance peak. Exaggerating errors reduced neural 'noise' and allowed participants to break past their plateau. The findings challenge existing assumptions about noise reduction.
A new study identifies distinct hotspots in the US coastline where freshwater discharge from underground water sources can contaminate coastal waters. These hotspots, which account for half of all freshwater discharge, are particularly vulnerable to groundwater-borne contamination and affect 12% of the coastline.
A team of scientists has developed a new process using a novel ceramic membrane to convert methane to aromatics, eliminating CO2 emissions and reducing processing steps. The resulting chemicals are valuable products for insulation materials, plastics, textiles, and jet fuel.
Researchers developed a new technique using modified strains that consume xenobiotic nutrients, allowing them to outcompete other microorganisms. This method enables mass biofuel production without the use of antibiotics, which is poised as a more sustainable energy source.