The study found that sediments from the deep Southern Ocean carried smaller amounts of oxygen, indicating phytoplankton took up large amounts of carbon dioxide. This led to a buildup of decaying organic matter that stored extra carbon in the deep sea.
A Penn study shows that knocking out a key gene during development accelerates aging and shortens lifespan by two thirds in mice, but delaying the deletion until after birth eliminates this effect. The findings highlight the need to understand the role of clock genes during development.
Researchers found that deprivation of cystine triggers necrosis in renal cell carcinoma cells, leading to cell death and delayed tumor growth. This approach may offer a new therapeutic strategy for treating this aggressive form of kidney cancer.
Researchers found that early nerve cell development creates brain circuit templates, which are then disrupted by trauma, leading to delayed effects on thoughts and memories.
Researchers from Moscow State University have grown organic semiconductor crystals with extremely high light-emitting efficiency, promising a bright future for wet-processed organic optoelectronics. The solution-grown crystals outperform vapor-grown ones in luminescence efficiency and quantum yield.
New research from Iowa State University finds that negative media stories about Muslims can lead to increased support for military action and restrictions against Muslim Americans. The study suggests that positive news stories about Muslims can help stem the tide of anti-Muslim sentiment, prejudice, and behavior.
According to a review in the Journal of Addiction Medicine, new marijuana laws have led to an increase in marijuana use among adults but not teens, with some evidence of harmful effects. The potency of marijuana is also increasing, leading to more drivers testing positive for it.
A new study found that parental depression can significantly negatively affect children's school performance, with mothers' diagnoses having a greater impact on girls. Children whose parents have depression are more likely to achieve lower grades, similar to those in low-income families but with smaller effects.
Researchers found that enslaved Formica ant colonies were more genetically and chemically diverse than their free-living counterparts. This diversity is likely caused by seasonal raids to steal pupae from adjacent host colonies, leading to changes in how the ants recognize nest mates.
A new type of RFID chip is virtually impossible to hack, preventing identity theft and high-tech burglaries. The chip uses ferroelectric crystals to thwart power-glitch attacks and features a bank of capacitors as an on-chip energy source.
Researchers at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona, Spain, have shed new light on the evolution of eukaryotic cells by studying mitochondrial acquisition. The study found that acquiring mitochondria occurred late in cell evolution, suggesting a crucial milestone in life's complexity.
Researchers found a way to control energy transfer between electrons and bismuth crystal lattice, enabling efficient conversion of waste heat into electricity. This discovery could improve the overall efficiency of solar cells by harnessing excess heat.
Researchers aim to optimize synthetic ERRγ activators for potency and selectivity to advance treatments for various diseases. Previous studies in animal models suggest increased expression of ERRγ improves exercise capacity and mitochondrial function.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have found that eliminating senescent cells in mice can delay tumor formation, preserve tissue function, and increase lifespan. The study's results suggest that targeting these cells could lead to new therapies against age-related disabilities and diseases.
Smartphone sensors can measure various physical quantities such as ultraviolet index, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, and air quality. A smart home system has been developed using mobile phones to detect CO2, temperature, humidity, and other parameters.
The study found men's views and voices are represented more in online news than women's, while women appear proportionally more in images. Women feature more in fashion and entertainment articles, but are least present in sports and politics topics. The research highlights the marginalization of women's voices in the media.
A new study suggests that routine antibiotics do not increase the likelihood of nutritional recovery in uncomplicated cases of severe acute malnutrition. Reducing antibiotic use would be prudent given global concern over antibiotic resistance.
Participating in women-only cardiac rehab resulted in lower symptoms of anxiety and depression and improvements in diet. Women who attended the supervised programs exhibited increased physical activity and improved quality of life.
Scientists from ITMO University developed a novel WPT system that maintains up to 80% transfer efficiency across 20 centimeters, making it suitable for commercial applications. The system uses spherical dielectric resonators and a higher-order resonant frequency mode to reduce power losses.
A recent study conducted at the Cornell Food and Brand Lab found that cluttered kitchens can lead to over-snacking. Women who waited in a messy kitchen ate 53 more calories from cookies compared to those waiting in an organized kitchen.
Research from Concordia University reveals that bilingual children are better at certain types of mental control, with those who practice more language switching showing greater skills. This advantage is attributed to the cognitive benefits of bilingualism, including increased cognitive flexibility and selective attention abilities.
Cognitive developmental influences on preschool-age children's pain self-reporting are limited by factors such as memory, knowledge of magnitude, and language ability. Modifications for simplifying pain assessments, including using tools with few response options and considering past pain experiences, can improve accuracy.
A study of secondary tropical forests reveals that they can recover biomass levels comparable to old-growth forests in as little as 66 years. The research highlights the potential of regenerating these forests to play a critical role in climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration.
Researchers have developed host-guest nanowires that enhance photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting efficiency. The new system uses a TiO2 'host' with BiVO4 'guest' nanoparticles, achieving better performance than individual materials alone.
A study by the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing found that voucher promotions and celebrity PSAs did not increase Tdap vaccination among caregivers. The researchers discovered that financial barriers were a significant factor, but so were perceptions about the risk and severity of whooping cough.
Researchers found that exposure to structured environments increases thoughtful decision-making, leading to better choices. This effect is particularly pronounced in chaotic environments where people invest less thought into their decisions.
A Swedish study of over 1.1 million children found that parental depression was associated with poorer school performance at age 16, with maternal depression having a larger negative effect on girls. The study suggests that early intervention and support for affected parents could have far-reaching effects on child development.
A new study found increased buildup of amyloid plaques in people who had previously sustained a traumatic brain injury. The areas affected overlapped those seen in Alzheimer's disease, but other areas were involved.
Scientists have developed a method to purify cashew proteins, shedding light on their effects and potential treatments for allergies. The study found differences in how allergens bind to antibodies in children and adults, highlighting the importance of geography and age in allergies.
Researchers identify ADGRE2 gene mutation responsible for vibratory urticaria, a rare inherited disorder causing hives and allergic symptoms upon vibration. The study reveals a key role of the mast cell response to physical stimuli in disease development, offering new insights into immune system functions.
Researchers at the University of Delaware used satellite measurements to predict Atlantic sturgeon locations. They identified six seascapes that sturgeon prefer and combined them with ocean color and temperature data to create a map that can help fishermen avoid catching the vulnerable species.
Researchers have discovered Landau levels on atomically flat surfaces without asymmetries, supporting the domain model for non-magnetic field generation. The study reveals unique properties of graphite-based carbon materials, such as graphene, for electronic devices and catalysis.
A Scripps-led team has discovered four new deep-sea worm species, expanding the diversity of known species from one to five. The discovery has significant implications for understanding early animal evolution and the development of organ systems such as guts, brains, and kidneys.
Researchers found that the Greenland ice sheet is releasing a significant amount of phosphorus into the Arctic Ocean, with annual input equal to some of the world's largest rivers. The nutrient could stimulate growth of plankton at the base of the ocean food web, impacting birds, fish, and marine mammals higher up the chain.
Researchers developed a low-power chip that can process 3-D camera data and guide the visually impaired through wearable devices. The chip, about one-thousandth as powerful as conventional processors, enables a prototype navigation system that conveys distance information to users.
UC Davis researchers have created virus-like particles based on Hepatitis E proteins to target breast cancer. These particles can carry vaccines or drugs, potentially delivered through food or drink.
Researchers developed a portable DNA sequencing system to monitor outbreaks, generating sequencing information in under an hour and providing crucial clues to epidemiologists. This technology has vast applications, including cancer research, and can impact response efforts during epidemics.
Researchers studied exposure to antidepressants in mice, finding that SSRIs like citalopram rapidly transfer to fetuses and brains. The study's findings suggest potential risks for children of mothers taking these medications during pregnancy.
A study published by SAGE in Human Relations found that diversity in the boardroom is key to advancing LGBT-inclusive policies. Firms with a higher percentage of women on the board are more likely to adopt a broad range of LGBT-friendly policies and practices.
A mathematical model accurately predicted the results of a herpes drug study, pinpointing the most effective dose for treatment. The model considers the complex immune response against the virus, improving upon current methods that neglect this aspect.
The financial industry is facing a major economic threat from elder financial exploitation and cognitive decline, which can result in significant losses for individuals and society. New research and initiatives are being developed to detect, prevent, and intervene in these cases, including predictive models and algorithms.
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University found that winning a competition increases the likelihood of subsequent dishonest behavior. The study suggests that people who measure success through social comparison are more prone to cheating.
Scientists propose a new set of cosmic chemical reactions that could have contributed to the formation of life on Earth. Methanol is shown to be more reactive than methane and can give rise to varied hydrocarbons, their derivatives and products.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona have synthesized peptides that target the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) protein, which accelerates tumour cell growth. These peptides show promise as a potential treatment for cancer, and further studies are underway to develop stronger compounds.
A new UT Dallas study suggests that most NFL arrests are not for violent crimes, but rather minor offenses. The majority of players involved in violent incidents have only one arrest during the studied period, highlighting a small fraction of repeat offenders.
Two studies find gamma ray signals in the galactic center are unlikely caused by dark matter collisions. Instead, they could be attributed to fast-rotating stars called millisecond pulsars. Researchers used statistical analysis methods to analyze images of gamma rays captured by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope.
A study published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society: B identifies a Jurassic-age insect whose behavior and appearance closely mimic those of butterflies. The discovery was made possible by the examination of well-preserved fossils from ancient lake deposits in China and Kazakhstan. Researchers found that these 'Jurassic butterfli...
Researchers at MIT have developed a new chip called Eyeriss that can enable mobile devices to run powerful artificial-intelligence algorithms locally. This could improve performance, reduce latency and allow for more efficient processing of data without relying on Wi-Fi connections.
Researchers discovered that male fruit flies adjust the amplitude of their courtship song based on distance from females, conserving energy and competing more effectively. This complex behavior sheds light on social interactions across the animal kingdom.
A study of rhinoceros bones reveals a significant increase in osteopathology as new species evolved, from 28% to 65-80%. The black rhino showed 50% fewer osteopathologies than derived extinct taxa, suggesting that long-term bone health may have been compromised by adaptations for increased mass and activity.
Fruit flies develop complex nervous systems through a set of genetic control switches that interact early in development to generate dozens of types of olfactory neurons. The same gene network also plays a role in programming taste neurons, suggesting the same basic mechanism could be at work in other animals.
A recent study found that nearly 5,000 trauma patients sustain major haemorrhage each year in England and Wales, with one-third dying due to delays in blood transfusion practices. The study highlights the need for more rapid and consistent delivery of blood components to trauma patients, as this can halve mortality rates.
Researchers have identified 10 additional superchrons in the Proterozoic Eon, revealing a similar rate of geodynamo-driven reversals for most of the past two billion years. This discovery challenges existing models of core evolution and the geodynamo process.
Researchers found that closely related ant species use distinct chemical signals to differentiate their queens from workers. The new findings suggest evolutionary links between solitary and social insect communication and raise questions about the practical uses of these chemicals.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that Parkinson's patients experience a higher risk of injurious falls and hip fractures up to 30 years before diagnosis. This suggests early signs of balance issues may be an indicator of the disease.
The West Antarctic ice sheet may experience catastrophic collapse due to ocean warming, leading to a 3-meter increase in global sea levels. Researchers have identified that parts of the ice sheet have existed continuously for at least 1.4 million years.
A record-breaking number of new drugs were approved last year, including biologics for rare diseases and cancer treatments. However, the high costs of these therapies pose a significant challenge for patients and the pharmaceutical industry.
A recent study published in Neurology has revealed that protein clumps associated with Alzheimer's disease are found in the brains of people who have had a head injury. These clumps, called amyloid plaques, were found to be present in patients over a decade after the injury.
A new study provides a reliable method to generate neural crest cells in just five days from human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent cells. The research highlights the critical role of WNT signals, FGF and BMP pathways, and sheds light on the initiation of neural crest cell formation.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have captured atomic images of the herpes simplex 1 virus revealing how it inserts itself into another protein to evade detection by immune cells. The study provides a mechanistic explanation for the virus's ability to escape immune system recognition.