A team of researchers has successfully replicated the folding of a human brain in three-dimensional form using a simple mechanical principle. The study suggests that the unique shape of the human brain plays a crucial role in determining its folds, which are essential for maintaining proper brain function.
The Kinder Institute will expand its research capacity to address pressing urban challenges in Houston and the US, with a focus on data analysis and policy solutions. The three-year grant will support new research programs and initiatives, including urban data platforms, transportation planning, and gentrification studies.
A new DFG Research Training Group at FAU will investigate the relationship between brain development and adult diseases. The group aims to uncover how development processes affect disease susceptibility and identify new targets for therapy.
Purdue University researchers engineered rice and Arabidopsis plants to overexpress PYL9 protein, which dramatically increased drought tolerance. The study found that the transgenic plants triggered the death of old leaves, conserving resources for seeds and buds, a survival strategy known as 'die and let live.'
Research suggests that cancer cells rarely form metastatic tumors on their own but instead travel in groups for increased chances of survival. These traveling cells differ from those within primary tumors and may be intrinsically resistant to chemotherapy due to molecular programs that facilitate their movement.
Pedestrians perceive higher safety in streets with white light compared to yellowish lights, possibly due to improved face identification. The study also found that high blue-wavelength lights inhibit melatonin levels more effectively.
Researchers have developed a new sunscreen called Solar D that maximizes vitamin D production while maintaining its SPF. The study found that Solar D allowed for up to 50% more production of vitamin D in-vitro compared to a popular commercial sunscreen, potentially reducing the risk of vitamin D deficiency and related health problems.
Research at Indiana University identifies a genetic mechanism that drives cancer-causing mutations by mutating genes during DNA replication. APOBEC3G, an enzyme known to trigger harmful changes, may cause these mutations by targeting cytosines in single-stranded DNA on the lagging strand template.
A new report identifies several forms of testing to measure the risk of heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. These tests include exercise testing and coronary calcium scanning, which can detect silent ischemia and identify the highest-risk patients for more effective treatments. The study suggests that a significant proporti...
A study found a significant decline in basic science research published in top medical journals over the past 20 years. This decline may impact physicians' understanding of and interest in basic mechanisms of disease and treatments.
Researchers found that antenatal betamethasone reduced respiratory complications, prolonged ICU stays, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in late-preterm babies. The study enrolled 2,831 women at high risk for preterm delivery and showed a significant decrease in neonatal respiratory morbidities.
Investment in renewable electricity surpasses that in fossil fuels globally, according to University of Exeter expert. The shift towards sustainable energy systems is driven by improved policy discourse and decreasing costs, with momentum growing towards a flexible, renewable-based electricity system.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have found that a blood pressure medication, propranolol, can improve some social functions in individuals with autism. A study involving 20 participants showed that those taking propranolol scored higher on conversational skills than those receiving a placebo.
A new study highlights how topography influences biodiversity in mountains. Mid-altitudes host the most species due to the size and connectivity of similar habitats. Biodiversity peaks at these elevations, not at high altitudes or lower levels, according to researchers from EPFL.
A new type of underwater adhesive developed at UCSB replicates the adhesion strategy of the Sandcastle worm, which is robust in wet conditions. The synthetic glue promotes adhesion between various surfaces and is more resistant to cracking due to its porous structure.
Scientists at Ohio State University develop tree-like structures that can convert random forces into strong structural vibrations ideal for generating electricity. The technology may prove valuable in small-scale situations where other renewable energy sources are not an option, powering sensors that monitor infrastructure health.
A community lifestyle intervention program reduced cardiovascular disease risk in diabetes patients by 9.6%, fasting glucose by 9%, body mass index by 3.7% and systolic blood pressure by 5.7%. Participants experienced significant reductions after completing 16 two-hour classes on healthy living basics.
Men and women in Appalachia continue to have higher cancer incidence rates compared with those in the rest of the United States. Lifestyle changes and improved healthcare are helping narrow the gap between Appalachian and non-Appalachian populations.
A follow-up study found most vaccinated children maintained anti-hepatitis A antibodies until age 15-16 years, suggesting protection for at least 30 years. The findings support current US vaccine recommendations and do not require booster doses.
A delegation of US pediatricians, led by Dr. Stephen Berman, will meet with their Cuban counterparts in Havana to collaborate on improving child health. They will share advances in early brain development and responsive parenting, while learning about Cuba's success in community-based primary care.
A randomized clinical trial found that high-flavanol chocolate improved uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index but did not decrease the risk of preeclampsia or improve placental weight. The results suggest that flavanol content may not be the sole factor behind chocolate's effects during pregnancy.
A new review suggests that Americans are not using infertility treatments and technologies as much as they could due to limited insurance coverage. The number of women aged 25-44 who have used infertility services decreased by 16% between 1995 and 2010, with usage rates being only 40% of the likely need in the US population.
Researchers create soft gripper that uses electroadhesion to pick up fragile objects of arbitrary shape and stiffness. The new technology mimics muscle function, gripping onto objects with electrostatic forces.
A study by Duke University and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory finds that global temperature remains stable in the long run due to the Planck Response and other mechanisms. Natural climate cycles alone are insufficient to explain large, sustained changes in global temperature.
Researchers have unveiled the genome of eelgrass, a marine plant that once thrived on land. The study reveals that the plant has lost essential genes required for survival out of water, highlighting its unique evolutionary path.
A study published in Gut journal reveals a 10-fold difference in bowel cancer cases and deaths worldwide, with higher incidence linked to economic development. The adoption of a Western lifestyle is suspected to contribute to the rising rates, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
A University of Georgia study found that cancer patients' loved ones search online for information on treatment options and prevention strategies, but are less likely to seek emotional support from social media forums. The study's author aims to use this information to develop effective online cancer prevention messages.
Researchers found that dominant ant species in tropical rainforests consume the majority of food resources, making ecosystems vulnerable. The study also revealed that efficient species can dominate systems, increasing resource turnover but making them more vulnerable to decline.
A study by Chapman University researchers reveals that news articles portraying obesity in different ways influence people's attitudes towards obesity-related public policies and anti-fat prejudice. The 'fat rights' frame was found to reduce prejudice, while the 'public health crisis' and 'personal responsibility' frames exacerbated it.
A recent study found that the presence of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) promotes the motility of elongated mesenchymal tumour cells in breast cancer cells, which migrate along collagen fibres. This increased persistence and moderate speed suggests that EGF contributes to modulating the mobility of tumour cells.
A new study combining computer science, moral psychology, and sociology found that concerns about purity are the best predictor of social distance between people. The research team analyzed over 731,000 tweets and behavioral experiments to determine how five basic moral values affect social connections.
A major study reveals that colonial systems from Spain and France had detrimental effects on education in their former colonies, with reduced secondary school enrollment rates and lower years of schooling. This is particularly true for females in former Spanish colonies.
A new study published in Pediatrics suggests that a higher dietary fiber intake during adolescence and young adulthood may lower breast cancer risk. The researchers analyzed data from 90,534 women and found a significant inverse association between fiber intake and breast cancer incidence.
GW University's Paul Brindley and MIT's Kevin Esvelt are working on a gene drive project to eliminate schistosomiasis using CRISPR technology. The goal is to 'supercharge' evolution, sterilizing and eliminating the disease-causing parasites.
A study by Yale University researchers found that very few women undergo bilateral salpingectomy with ovarian conservation during hysterectomies for non-cancerous conditions. The procedure may help protect against ovarian cancer and preserve hormonal levels, but its use varies widely among hospitals across the US.
A study by the University of Southampton found that people from different countries take the same amount of time to read and understand texts in their native language, regardless of the written form. The research suggests universality in the way humans process language during reading.
A study found that nearly 40% of adolescents prescribed antidepressant medication did not receive documented follow-up care for three months. This lack of care raises concerns about the quality of treatment for adolescent depression, a condition affecting 12% of adolescents.
Research reveals improved fish numbers, survival, and reproduction in rivers with restored habitats through intensively monitored watersheds (IMWs). Studies show significant increases in juvenile fish populations and survival rates, demonstrating the effectiveness of IMWs in assessing restoration impacts.
Researchers studied 36 pregnant women to determine if T-follicular helper cell response varies by trimester after vaccination. The results show that the immune system's response is greatest during the first trimester, suggesting immunologic changes may affect vaccine effectiveness.
A study by University of Rochester researchers found that teenagers' caring behavior decreases during adolescence but rebounds when they feel supported by their social circles. The study also revealed that volunteering leads to increased values of social responsibility.
A meta-analysis suggests that text messaging can increase medication adherence in chronic disease patients, but further research is needed to confirm the findings and determine their clinical significance. The study's results have implications for developing low-cost, widely available technologies to improve patient outcomes.
Researchers found that adding azithromycin to standard antibiotics reduced post-C-section delivery infections and severe adverse events in high-risk women. The study used a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial involving over 17,000 women.
Research finds traditional agroforestry systems enhance endangered and vulnerable species diversity in Southeast Asian forests. Fruit gardens introduce native trees with fleshy fruits, increasing food resources for frugivorous animals.
New research reveals biodegradable netting can outperform conventional nylon nets with similar catch rates while degrading over time. This sustainable alternative could help mitigate the impact of ghost fishing on marine ecosystems.
A retrospective cohort study found that non-Hispanic black women had more missed doses, initiated care later, and were more likely to discontinue 17P than women in other racial/ethnic groups. The study also identified a significant interaction between non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity and public insurance.
Researchers at the University of Bath have developed a method to detect and preserve human pluripotent stem cells in the laboratory. This breakthrough allows for easier acquisition and cultivation of these rare cells, which can potentially be used to develop pioneering treatments for various diseases.
A new review by the University of Liverpool found that approximately one in four reported cattle attacks in the UK were fatal and involved dogs. Dog owners are advised to control their pets to avoid interactions with cattle, suggesting letting them off the lead as a way to prevent attacks.
Researchers at the University of Exeter have developed a new technique to identify copper deposits in magmatic rocks by analyzing their chemical composition. The method, which was tested on a major porphyry discovery in Chile, has shown promising results and could lead to the discovery of new valuable metal deposits.
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center have identified a population of stem cells capable of repairing skull formation and craniofacial bone repair in mice. This discovery contributes to an emerging field involving tissue engineering that uses stem cells to replace damaged bones in humans.
Researchers at ETH Zurich developed a working group that created a tiny, ultra-efficient optical switch using silver atoms. This breakthrough has significant implications for data transmission and storage, as it enables the creation of digital signals with unprecedented accuracy.
Numerical simulations found that erosion played a key role in driving magma production and subsequent volcanic activity at the end of the last ice age. The study's results may have implications for understanding climate change and atmospheric CO2 levels, as similar mechanisms are expected to occur at shorter timescales.
A Tulane University study found cities hosting Super Bowl teams experience a 18% increase in flu deaths among those over 65, due to increased transmission at social gatherings.
Dasatinib, a cancer treatment, reduces inflammation and improves lung mechanics in mice with allergic asthma. The drug targets tyrosine kinases involved in asthma's signaling pathways.
A survey of 276 chief nurse executives found that many hospitals struggle with implementing evidence-based practice, leading to poor scores on key performance measures. The researchers emphasize the need for leadership support and education to create a culture of evidence-based care.
A study developed a simple risk scoring system to predict the likelihood of cesarean delivery in nulliparous women. The five-factor risk score accurately predicts an individual woman's risk of cesarean delivery, including advancing maternal age, short height, and increased fetal abdominal circumference.
Researchers at EPFL create cellular and mouse models that accurately reproduce the evolution of Parkinson's disease, using insights into protein clumps called Lewy bodies. The new models can propel research and drug development, offering a powerful tool for rapid screening of molecular pathways involved in the disease.
A multicenter study found that treatment of pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia during the first half of pregnancy does not improve cognitive outcomes in children up to five years old. The results suggest routine thyroid screening is not warranted.
A new review suggests that targeted antibiotic therapy before prostate biopsy may lower sepsis rates. The study found 27 men need to receive antibiotics to prevent one infection, paving the way for safer procedures.
Research suggests that frequent shifts in sleep timing are associated with higher insulin resistance and body mass index (BMI) in midlife women. Irregular bedtimes were linked to impaired glucose regulation, while consistent sleep schedules showed better metabolic health.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have developed a saliva gland test that can detect early Parkinson's disease. The test involves taking a biopsy of the submandibular gland, which has been shown to be effective in detecting the abnormal protein associated with the disease in 14 out of 19 patients.