Researchers tested eggplant irrigation rates and found that moderate watering can reduce nitrogen leaching and maintain fruit yields. The study suggests a potential to lower current irrigation rates without negatively impacting crop performance.
A new study proposes that genetic drift contributes to the development of leukemia in young children. The researchers used a computational model describing blood stem cell population dynamics and found that drift plays a significant role in early-life leukemia formation. In contrast, selection drives leukemia development in older adults.
The brain initially represents and decides between competing action options by planning multiple movements simultaneously. Researchers found that participants planned a movement for each potential target and executed these movements simultaneously when the target was uncertain.
Scientists have developed a new strategy for constructing highly specific synthetic pores using DNA, which can control the release of therapeutics. The pores are designed to act like doors, opening only when provided with the right key, allowing for precise targeting of drugs to specific tissues.
Researchers at IUPUI have developed a new technique to detect illicit treatment of racing tires with volatile chemicals, finding approximately 15% of tires tested positive for banned substances. The method uses Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), and has the potential to be app...
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine suggest atherosclerosis is driven by processes similar to brain diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Protein buildup inside macrophages, facilitated by p62, interferes with their ability to function.
A study of 102 infants found associations between the infant's gut microbiome composition and delivery method, as well as feeding practices. The research suggests that differences in the microbiome composition may be linked to short- and long-term health outcomes.
A UCLA-led study analyzed genome sequences of wolves, wild dogs, and domesticated dogs to find that domestication may have led to a rise in harmful genetic changes. This could be due to temporary population bottlenecks during breeding for desirable traits.
Cheyenne will be a critical tool for researchers studying climate change, severe weather, and other important geoscience topics. The new system will help scientists lay the groundwork for improved predictions of various phenomena, including thunderstorm outbreaks and solar cycles.
A study by ETH Zurich researchers found that teachers with less experience discriminate against female students in physics exams, leading to poorer grades. The findings highlight the importance of teacher training and objective grading criteria to combat biases and stereotypes.
Scientists at DOE national laboratories discovered a simple manufacturing technique to form cathode material into tiny, layered particles that store energy while protecting themselves. This technique, called spray pyrolysis, is cheap and widely used, and could lead to cheaper and higher capacity lithium-ion batteries.
Researchers from Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center reviewed the scientific evidence for top-selling over-the-counter dietary supplements sold to improve male sexual health. While some natural supplements show promise, they lack robust human evidence and can be pure or weak.
Stanford researchers developed a lithium-ion battery that can be shut down by heating and restarted when the temperature cools. The new technology uses nanospikes to prevent overheating and reduce the risk of fires in batteries powered by devices like hoverboards and computers.
A study by Tufts University researchers found that high folic acid intake causes a lowered immune response in aged mice, particularly affecting natural killer cells. The study used an aged mouse model and found that excess folic acid impaired NK cell development, leading to reduced immunity against viral infections and cancer.
The article argues that parental permission is not required ethically and may hinder public health interests, as adolescents account for 26% of new HIV infections. The authors propose strategies to address state minor-consent laws and institutional review board interpretations.
Research teams confirm biennial mammography for women aged 50-74 offers favorable balance of benefits to harm. Screening frequency impacts mortality and false positives, with biennial screening reducing breast cancer deaths by 25.8%.
Researchers found that mothers' appetites impact on offspring's appetites, stabilizing population sizes. This helps prevent extinction and counteracts the effect of large numbers being preyed upon.
Researchers have successfully used digital imaging to measure pyrethrum flowers before harvesting, detecting 88% of flowers compared to manual recognition. This automated system allows for faster and easier image collection, enabling greater plot areas to be sampled for yield estimation.
Researchers developed a process to create a water-loving polymer with structure, opening up possibilities for artificial blood vessels and soft tissue-like mechanical properties. This breakthrough addresses the challenge of balancing hydrogel's water-loving nature with the need for crystallinity.
A new meta-analysis reveals that hookah smokers inhale a large load of toxicants, with one session delivering 25 times the tar and 125 times the smoke of a single cigarette. The study suggests that hookah tobacco smoking should be monitored more closely to address this growing health concern.
Dr. John Michael Criley receives the 2016 Distinguished Teacher Award for his innovative and compassionate teaching, training over 2,200 cardiologists and medical professionals worldwide. He has made significant contributions to cardiovascular medicine through his research papers and textbooks.
Transforming primary care practices into 'medical homes' requires substantial investments, with median one-time costs ranging from $7,694 to $117,810 per practice. Ongoing costs include adding staff and investing in information technology, constituting a significant financial burden for small medical practices.
Berkeley Lab researchers have discovered a technique called spray pyrolysis that can improve the performance of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathodes, which are crucial for electric vehicle applications. By controlling surface chemistry, they were able to reduce surface reactivity and increase material stability.
The PhD project plan aims to publish outputs from the whole research cycle using an open science approach. It focuses on digitizing scholarly papers and data, making them more accessible and citable, and ensuring reproducibility.
A University of Cambridge researcher warns that abandoning carbon capture and storage (CCS) would hinder efforts to reduce carbon emissions. CCS is essential for delivering flexible power and reducing emissions from industrial processes, but funding issues have led to a decline in interest from corporations and governments.
EPFL scientists have developed a gel that boosts the ability of normal cells to revert into stem cells by simply squeezing them into shape. This method paves the way for large-scale production of stem cells for medical purposes, offering new ways to treat injuries and diseases such as Parkinson's and diabetes.
A new study published in Circulation journal found that drinking sugar-sweetened beverages daily increases visceral fat, a type of body fat that affects diabetes and heart disease risk. The study showed a direct correlation between greater sweetened beverage consumption and increased visceral fat among middle-aged adults.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai are working on a new risk assessment tool to identify patients susceptible to sudden cardiac arrest. The goal is to predict those at risk for the fatal heart rhythm malfunction, which claims 350,000 lives annually in the US.
The article highlights the importance of stakeholder involvement in ESS research and governance, citing experiences from transdisciplinary projects in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Successful participation depends on socio-cultural context and requires different means and modes of participation during different project phases.
A team of researchers is exploring the use of the NAO robot in a new approach to pediatric rehabilitation based on social interaction between robots and humans. The robot can read moods, recognize family members, and learn preferences, providing personalized interventions for children with motor disabilities.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers found no link between eating healthy foods and avoiding unhealthy options in preschoolers. Despite frequent consumption of fruits, vegetables, and milk, children were just as likely to eat high-sugar, salty, and fatty foods.
A University of Michigan study found that nisin can kill 70-80 percent of head and neck tumor cells in rats and extend survival. Nisin also fights deadly bacteria such as MRSA, using its ability to bind to bacteria and kill biofilms.
A Yale University study found that the hormone FGF21 protects against age-related loss of immune function by promoting T cell production. Increasing FGF21 levels may be an additional strategy to bolster immune function in the elderly or cancer patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
UCLA scientists have discovered a crucial role for the Rbfox1 gene in regulating genes that contribute to autism risk. The study highlights an untapped region in brain cells as a goldmine of drug targets for new treatments.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a way to train smartphone activity trackers to spot fake activity, increasing accuracy from 38% to 84%. The system learns to recognize patterns of cheating, such as shaking the phone while lounging on the couch, and can generalize it across individuals.
Researchers created an audio platform that modifies voices to sound happier, sadder or more fearful, and found participants' emotional state changed accordingly. The study suggests people don't always control their own voice to match emotions, but listen to it to gauge feelings.
Researchers identified a pivotal role of the Miz1 protein in determining tumor identity and its interaction with Myc proteins driving group 3 medulloblastoma. The study suggests targeting the Miz1-Myc complex may suppress the spread of group 3 tumors.
A quick screening method has been used to identify and test promising anti-Ebola drugs. The method, which allows for the evaluation of candidate drugs and comparison of antiviral effectiveness, has shown potential in reducing the emergence of drug resistance and increasing confidence in experimental results.
A study by University of California, Riverside scientists reveals that backyard chickens have a higher diversity of ectoparasites, including six species of lice, the northern fowl mite, scaly leg mite, and chicken red mite. This finding suggests that the benefits of backyard chicken keeping may come with an itchy price.
Eftekharnejad's research will investigate the impacts of data intrusion on phasor measurement units (PMU) devices and propose mitigation strategies for power grid security. The study aims to identify critical components targeted by cyberattacks and develop methods to mitigate cascading blackouts.
Recent University of Cincinnati research on ancient burial practices in pre-Roman Italy sheds light on economic and social mobility, military service, and drinking customs. The study found strong social stratification and hierarchy, as well as commonality of military service among men's tombs.
Tropical Cyclone Ula has weakened from a Category 4 Hurricane to a Category 2 hurricane due to unfavorable environmental conditions. The storm is expected to make its closest approach to Kingston Island and then move north of New Zealand by January 12.
A non-tropical low pressure system with potential subtropical characteristics has developed in the Northern Atlantic, producing hurricane-force winds and gale-force conditions. The system is expected to produce hazardous marine conditions over parts of the central and eastern Atlantic for several days.
A new study reveals that giant icebergs in the Southern Ocean contribute significantly to carbon sequestration, with enhanced phytoplankton productivity extending hundreds of kilometers beyond the iceberg's length. This process helps slow global warming by storing atmospheric carbon dioxide.
A study by the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that five percent of Ontarians account for 65% of provincial health care costs, with the top 1% accounting for one-third of these costs. The study tracked $30.5 billion in healthcare spending, which is about 75% of total government health expenditures.
CyVerse rebranded from iPlant Collaborative to emphasize its expanded mission across all life sciences. The platform provides data management and computation services for various scientific disciplines.
Rice University scientists develop a self-adaptive composite that heals itself and returns to its original form after compression. The material, called SAC, combines self-healing and reversible self-stiffening properties.
The University of Illinois and Syngenta have signed an agreement to implement a commercialization strategy for the 'RIPE' project, which aims to improve photosynthetic efficiency in food crops. The partnership brings together academic groups with industry partner Syngenta to advance technologies developed under the project.
A multi-institutional international study has revealed new information about the interaction between long non-coding RNAs and HIF-1 signaling pathways in triple-negative breast cancer. The study identifies four previously unknown phosphorylation sites, which predict a worse outcome for TNBC patients, suggesting that these sites could s...
Research studies examine the viability of small, solo family practices in rural areas, finding they often provide vital care. Large independent primary care groups are also shown to be attractive options for physicians and patients, offering resources and autonomy while reducing costs.
Researchers at Institut Pasteur in French Guiana have sequenced the complete genome of the Zika virus, showing almost complete homology with strains responsible for the 2013-2014 Pacific epidemic. The analysis provides a major starting point for understanding how the virus behaves and shedding light on its impact.
A comprehensive modeling study found that breast cancer screening with digital mammography poses only a small risk of radiation-induced breast cancer for most women. However, the research showed increased risk for women with large breasts or breast implants. The study suggests biennial screening from ages 50 to 74 may be the safest opt...
A recent study on the 2015 Nepal earthquake highlights the potential risks of landslides in the Pacific Northwest. The research team estimated tens of thousands of landslides, causing widespread damage and loss of life.
A new laser-based technique, LIBS, has been developed for rapid analysis of inorganic species in biomass, showing accuracy comparable to ICP-OES methods. The technique's low cost, rapid turnaround time, and minimal sample preparation make it an attractive option for biomass analysis.
Researchers have developed a technique that enables the detection of single molecules of contaminants, explosives, or diseases using a combination of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and a slippery surface. This innovation has vast applications in analytical chemistry, molecular diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and nation...
New research found that even very healthy individuals with reduced kidney function experience changes in the heart, including increased left ventricle mass and elevated troponin levels, indicating potential for heart disease. The study tracked living kidney donors to explore direct effects of diminished kidney function on the heart.
A new study found that a blood test monitoring dead cancer cell DNA is superior at tracking the severity and potential spread of metastatic melanoma. This non-invasive test detected cancer recurrence in 85% of patients, compared to 54% with the current standard test.
A recent West Coast study emphasizes the impacts of ocean acidification and low-oxygen conditions on marine organisms, highlighting serious challenges for life in these areas. The results show that multiple stressors will only increase as ocean conditions worldwide resemble those off the West Coast.
Researchers developed a device that produces tiny capsules with multiple inner ingredients, which can be triggered to mix and release toxic product only near the tumor site. The method has shown promise for increasing drug efficiency while reducing side effects in cancer treatment.
The study found that microglia, the brain's immune system, rapidly repair damage to the blood-brain barrier after breaches. This process could be impaired by certain cardiovascular drugs intended to prevent stroke-related damage.
Researchers from Zelinsky Institute examine key features of routine analytic characterization, addressing common mistakes in NMR, EI-MS, and ESI-MS measurements. The study provides concise descriptions to achieve reliable measurements in various scientific fields.
Researchers suggest GPR119 could treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, with administration of its ligand reducing hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. This discovery opens the door to developing new treatments for this increasingly prevalent disease.
A clinical trial is underway to investigate the use of cholesterol-lowering drug Simvastatin in treating Parkinson's disease. The study, funded by several organizations, aims to explore its potential neuroprotective effects and could lead to new treatments for the condition.
A study found that exposure to smoky coal causes similar gene expression patterns in buccal epithelial cells as active cigarette smokers. Researchers identified 282 genes associated with smoky coal emissions, which elicited similar physiologic effects as tobacco use.
A new technology allows for the creation of incandescent bulbs that can achieve efficiencies as high as 40 percent, outperforming current CFLs and LEDs. The breakthrough involves a two-stage process where waste heat is captured and re-emitted as visible light, resulting in a threefold improvement over traditional designs.
A kink in the regional fault line creates a ramp that raises the height of the mountains. The rupture on the fault stopped 11km below Kathmandu, indicating another major earthquake could occur within a shorter timeframe.
Research published in Journal of Thoracic Oncology found that non-small cell lung cancer patients with early-stage tumors had a higher rate of nodal upstaging and longer hospital stays when undergoing open chest surgery compared to video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). This study suggests that VATS may not be equivalent to open surge...
Research supports theory of kin selection, suggesting that altruistic behavior occurs to pass genes to next generation. Genes inherited from queen promote altruistic behavior in worker bees, while those from father's promote selfish behavior.
A nationwide survey of 1,000 Americans seeking depression treatment and 250 clinicians reveals a disconnect between patients' and clinicians' prioritization of information needed for treatment decisions. Patients prioritize cost and insurance information, while clinicians do not always share this priority.
Researchers at University of Southern Denmark investigate the formation and stability of flower-shaped domains in artificial cell membranes. They find that these structures form quickly but lose their shape over time.
A review of medical literature suggests that exercise alone or in combination with education may reduce the risk of low back pain. Moderate-quality evidence supports exercise combined with education as a preventive measure, reducing the risk of an episode of low back pain and sick leave.
A team of scientists from the US Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory developed a hierarchical cathode material with two levels of complexity, protecting reactive materials from degradation. The structure allowed lithium ions to enter the material, enabling improved high-voltage cycling behavior.
Researchers found regular physical activity significantly reduces cardiovascular consequences of depression and decreases arterial stiffening and inflammation associated with worsening depressive symptoms.
The study, funded by the National Eye Institute, identified FOXC1, TXNRD2, and ATXN2 as contributing genes to primary open-angle glaucoma. Variations in these genes may lead to reduced mitochondrial protection, increasing optic nerve cell death.
A team of Northwestern University engineers has created a new way to print three-dimensional metallic objects using rust and metal powders, expanding the types of metals, alloys, and architectures that can be additively manufactured. The method uses liquid inks and common furnaces, resulting in a cheaper, faster, and more uniform process.
Tropical Storm Pali continues to thrive in the Central Pacific Ocean, with maximum sustained winds near 60 mph. It is expected to maintain tropical storm strength until Saturday, Jan. 16, moving toward the Equator.
Researchers suggest that playing American Football may be a risk factor for hypertension due to immune system activation and inflammation caused by musculoskeletal trauma. The study also highlights the importance of excess weight as a contributing factor, particularly in linemen.
A large cohort study found proton pump inhibitors associated with a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease. The study suggests that up to 70% of PPI prescriptions may be without an appropriate indication, and discontinuing therapy without symptoms could prevent CKD in long-term users.
A systematic review of breast density studies found unreliable determinations and a significant risk of re-categorization. Supplemental diagnostic screenings for women with dense breasts may find additional cancers but also greatly increase false positive results, highlighting the need for more research on evaluation methods.
Neuroscientists argue that computers will never truly understand human communication due to lack of contextual understanding. Brain scans reveal areas of the brain where 'meeting of minds' occurs, enabling nonverbal mutual understanding.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have obtained the crystal structure of a toxin from Clostridium difficile, revealing that zinc is required to unleash its damaging effects. This discovery aids efforts to develop vaccines and other novel therapies to prevent fatal consequences of C. diff infection.
A team of MIT researchers has developed a novel way to recycle unwanted infrared light from thermal emitters like incandescent bulbs, improving their efficiency and reducing waste. The innovative design features nanophotonic structures that spectrally filter emitted light, allowing visible light to pass through.
The USPSTF recommends regular mammography screening for women aged 50-74, with a recommended frequency of every two years. Women in their 40s should make an individual decision with their doctor about starting screening, considering factors like health history and preferences. The Task Force also notes that screening is less effective ...
A new study reveals that adult retinoblastoma survivors are at higher risk of developing various medical problems, including second cancers, compared to unaffected individuals. Despite this, the majority of survivors report excellent general health and minimal long-term impact on their psychological or socio-economic outcomes.
InSilico Medicine presents recent advances in applying signaling pathway activation analysis and deep learning to drug discovery and age-related diseases. The company's mission is to extend healthy human longevity through faster and more effective diagnostics and cures.
New research in The FASEB Journal suggests that genetic polymorphisms in the one-carbon metabolic pathway combined with low vitamin B may increase risk for vision and other ocular changes during spaceflight. This study could help identify issues related to cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and other conditions.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh have identified a chemical compound that blocks KMO, fueling inflammation linked to acute pancreatitis. The approach calms inflammation in the condition and protects against organ failure, offering hope for patients with life-threatening complications.
Researchers found that if groups of targeted cells are large enough, the bacterial superweapon T6S can be thwarted. This allows protected interior cells to multiply quickly and replenish the group's numbers, making it impossible for the bacteria to take over. The study provides insight into how cells withstand powerful aggressors.
Researchers found that organic products were generally rated higher than non-organic counterparts, but the interaction between the organic label and product type was complex. Organic virtue foods like strawberries were rated highly for taste, while organic vice foods like cookies were perceived as more nutritious.
The NIH has awarded funding for 24 research projects developing non-traditional antibacterials, including therapeutic bacteria and phage therapy, to combat increasing antibiotic resistance. The grants aim to provide new treatment options for deadly infections.
Researchers have identified three genetic associations that influence susceptibility to primary open angle glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness. The study found associations between TXNRD2, ATXN2, and FOXC1 genes, which may lead to the development of gene-based screening tests and therapy for glaucoma patients.
Scientists at the University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre have discovered an enzyme that can stop the toxic effects of sugar in various organs. The enzyme, glycerol 3-phosphate phosphatase (G3PP), plays a central role in controlling glucose and fat utilization and has been shown to detoxify excess sugar from cells.
Scientists successfully analyzed proteins in Lewy bodies of Parkinson's disease patients, revealing β sheet structures and lipid-rich cores that may lead to understanding disease formation. This breakthrough could aid development of epoch-making treatment for the progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
Scientists have developed a new protocol to study DNA methylation and gene expression in single cells, revealing hundreds of individual associations between epigenetic regions and gene expression. This breakthrough provides insights into how pluripotency is maintained and cell differentiation is regulated.
A team of scientists used a robotic vehicle to track and image white sharks in the ocean, providing critical data for conservation efforts. The research revealed that great whites hunt seals from below, using the clear waters off Guadalupe Island to ambush their prey.
Researchers found ectoparasites on 80% of backyard chicken flocks, with lice being the most common and abundant. The study highlights the need for parasite prevention measures in backyard chicken-keeping.
A new study found that a DASH diet with higher fat content significantly lowers blood pressure and reduces triglycerides. The modified diet did not raise LDL cholesterol levels, making it a viable alternative to the traditional DASH diet.
Researchers from the Repurposing Drugs in Oncology project have found that diclofenac, a common painkiller, has significant anti-cancer properties. The study suggests that existing non-cancer drugs may represent a valuable source of novel therapies for cancer treatment.
A new study by King's College London found that measuring fetal fibronectin at 18-21 weeks of gestation offers a similar predictive value to measurements at 22-27 weeks for spontaneous preterm birth. Combining cervical length with the biomarker test improves diagnostic accuracy.
A new study found that second-generation biofuels, such as perennial grasses, can efficiently meet emission reduction goals without significantly displacing cropland used for food production. The researchers estimate that meeting the federal biofuels goal will reduce annual U.S. transportation emissions by up to 7-12%.
Researchers found that both Blacks and Whites prefer lighter-skinned candidates when the government is unstable, but show stronger interest in voting for a darker-skinned candidate when it's stable. The study used photographs of a hypothetical candidate to measure mental images and voting intentions.
Researchers found an association between weight loss and rapid disease progression in Parkinson's patients. Those who lost weight showed a greater increase in symptoms, while those who gained weight had the smallest annual increase.
Researchers at McMaster University have discovered a clear and compartmentalized sequence of events leading to the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The study provides an early and accurate prediction tool for this aggressive cancer.
A new study reveals that soil deposits can provide a rich source of data for paleoclimatologists, providing a time resolution of thousand-year intervals and offering insights into past climate conditions. The analysis of carbonate deposits revealed a shift in precipitation patterns in North America between 70,000 to 55,000 years ago.
A new longitudinal study by University of Alberta researchers contradicts the 'mid-life crisis' theory, showing happiness rises between the teens and early 40s. The study found that people are happier in their mid-40s than they were at age 18.