Leading medical journals propose a mandate on clinical data sharing to improve the benefit to society from clinical trials. The ICMJE defines a clinical trial as any research project that prospectively assigns people to an intervention, and believes there is an ethical obligation to share data generated by interventional clinical trials.
Researchers found that saturated fat, but not unsaturated fat, raises sphingosine-1-phosphate levels in obese people, leading to inflammation and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. This discovery may lead to new treatments to prevent liver disease in obese patients.
A study of over 13,000 couples found that genetic variation affecting height influences mate choice, revealing an innate preference for partners of similar height. The research provides new insights into the mechanisms driving sexual attraction and human variation.
Researchers estimate that approximately one-third of British ancestors were Anglo-Saxon immigrants, who mixed with the native population. Genome sequences from ancient skeletons and modern-day DNA data reveal integrated communities and support a long-standing debate among historians and archaeologists.
The Lupus Research Institute has awarded 12 novel research grants to investigate the link between bacteria and lupus, as well as innovative approaches to treating the disease. The grants aim to develop new treatments and potentially prevent lupus through cutting-edge research.
Scholars Lawrence O. Gostin and Anna E. Roberts examine state laws surrounding physician-assisted death, highlighting concerns over coercion, devaluation of human life, and potential abuse. They advocate for stricter safeguards to ensure the practice remains consistent with social and ethical thought.
The article discusses the development and future promise of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) technology, which combines CGM with an insulin pump and sophisticated algorithms for automating insulin control. Key challenges facing successful commercialization include cost, reimbursement issues, and lack of FDA approval for insulin dosing.
Delirium occurs frequently in elderly GI surgery patients, often due to advanced age and poor physical health. Patients with postoperative delirium tend to experience longer hospital stays and increased mortality rates.
Researchers have created bismuth telluride nanoribbons that exhibit topological transport and can be controlled using a magnetic field. The discovery could lead to the development of new spintronic devices and quantum computers.
Researchers discover ApoE4's transcriptional effects, targeting genes associated with sirtuins, aging, insulin resistance, inflammation, and amyloid plaques. This finding offers a unified theory of Alzheimer's disease and potential new screening methods for prevention.
A study of African elephants found that mothers and grandmothers provide significant reproductive and survival benefits to their daughters and grandchildren. Grandmothers' social knowledge and environmental conditions significantly impact calf survival, while early birth years and maternal age also play a role in determining reproducti...
A study comparing end-of-life care practices among US, European, and Canadian countries found that the US has lower hospital deaths and days spent in hospitals in the last six months of life. However, it also performs poorly in other aspects of end-of-life care, such as high-tech interventions.
Researchers at Lund University found that women are at higher risk of developing COPD due to factors such as age and airway sensitivity. The study used advanced diagnostic criteria to reveal this gender gap, which was not previously evident using older methods.
Researchers discovered significant differences in immune-related genes among patients with and without E. coli symptoms, indicating innate resistance to infection. The findings could lead to new ways to boost the immune system and predict susceptibility to infections like E. coli.
A new study by UTSA professor Matthew McCarter found that allowing employees to vote on whether to turn off the internet results in significant reductions of cyberloafing. This approach increased productivity among former cyberloafers by 38%, demonstrating the effectiveness of giving workers control over their work environment.
Researchers found that higher Omega-3 fatty acid levels enhance the effectiveness of B vitamins in preventing cognitive decline. The study, which included over 250 participants with mild cognitive impairment, suggests that combining B vitamins and fish oil supplements may improve thinking and memory in older adults.
The US Department of Energy has announced a significant investment in grid modernization research and development, with a focus on reducing carbon emissions and enhancing infrastructure security. The new funding will support critical research and development over the next three years to help modernize America's electrical power grid.
The study emphasizes that even moderate amounts of physical activity can significantly reduce cardiovascular disease mortality risk. The council found no upper limit to exercise-induced health benefits, suggesting all levels of moderate and vigorous intensity exercise result in reduced mortality compared to physical inactivity.
A team of researchers has discovered living fossils, rare corals, and diverse ecosystems in the deep waters of the Coral Sea. The expedition found golden corals, precious red coral, glass sponges, and ancient species like the chambered nautilus.
A new clinical trial found that a specialized oral nutrition supplement reduced the death rate of malnourished adults with heart or lung disease by 50% within 90 days of hospitalization. The study also showed improvements in body weight, nutritional status, and Vitamin D levels.
Researchers developed a novel method to print composite materials using ultrasonic waves, enabling the creation of complex fibrous architectures. The technology can be easily integrated into existing 3D printers, offering tailored material properties and potential applications in smart materials.
The American College of Physicians (ACP) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued advice for prescribing antibiotics for acute respiratory tract infections in adults. Inappropriate antibiotic use contributes to antibiotic-resistant infections, posing a public health threat. Guidelines recommend symptomatic therapy fo...
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered that cocaine triggers autophagy, a process that causes brain cells to digest themselves. A compound called CGP3466B has been shown to prevent this damage in mouse nerve cells.
A large-scale study by the University of Melbourne found that both real and sham acupuncture showed a 40% improvement in hot flush severity and frequency after eight weeks. The benefits were sustained at six months. Women with breast cancer or ovarian removal were not included.
A €320,000 partnership will help control, prevent and eradicate invasive species across Europe, threatening native plants and animals at a cost of €12 billion annually. The project aims to develop evidence-based approaches to predict and prevent incursions by invasive species.
A study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that residents of high-rise buildings living on lower floors had better survival rates from cardiac arrests. Notably, survival was negligible for people living above the 16th floor. The researchers suggest several solutions to improve time to patient contact and increa...
Scientists have discovered four new fungus gnat species in the Scandinavian north, shedding light on regional insect diversity. The newly described taxa represent a small fraction of the numerous undescribed northern fly species, with more awaiting formal description.
The USRDS annual data report reveals a decline in deaths among dialysis and transplant patients, while prevalence of end-stage kidney disease continues to rise. Home dialysis use has increased, offering improved quality of life, but awareness of kidney disease remains low.
Researchers develop technique to 'see' energy delivery in fast ignition, achieving record high efficiency. The new approach enables better understanding of energy flow and investigation of experimental designs.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have developed light-activated therapeutic nanoparticles that successfully killed 92% of drug-resistant bacterial cells in a lab-grown culture. The quantum dots, which can be tailored to specific infections, offer a new hope for combating antibiotic-resistant superbugs.
The American College of Physicians (ACP) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issue advice on prescribing antibiotics for acute respiratory tract infections, citing unnecessary use that can lead to $3 billion in excess costs. The guidelines recommend reserving antibiotics for serious illnesses only.
A team of neurosurgeons and engineers has developed wireless brain sensors that monitor intracranial pressure and temperature, dissolving over time without the need for surgery. These devices have potential to monitor patients with traumatic brain injuries and could be used to track activity in other organ systems throughout the body.
Scientists found that larger animals require more sticking power, but have less body surface area available to cover with sticky footpads. Geckos' unique footpads set a size limit for adhesive-based climbing strategies, making it impossible for humans to climb like Spiderman.
A study found that two consecutive nights of extended sleep can counteract the increased risk of diabetes associated with short-term sleep restriction during the work week. Insulin sensitivity and diabetes risk returned to normal after two nights of extended sleep.
A new study suggests that combining PARP inhibitors with c-MET inhibitors may improve treatment outcomes for patients with breast cancer and high c-MET expression levels.
A new study uses natural laws to predict how cancers evolve over time, potentially leading to personalized treatment. The research suggests that doctors could use mathematical formulas to anticipate a cancer's growth and development, enabling them to choose the most effective treatments.
Researchers found that fluoroquinolones interact with an enzyme in TB germs, but not as strongly as thought. They discovered a new way to make the drugs more potent by targeting broken DNA within the gyrase complex. This could lead to improved treatments for multidrug-resistant TB and other bacterial infections.
A new study has identified 138 genes essential for plant-fungal symbiosis, which could lead to the development of crop varieties that thrive without fertilizers. This discovery was made possible by comparing genome sequences of plants with and without this symbiotic relationship.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute reveal the three-dimensional structure of TRPV2 ion channel, shedding light on its role in detecting infection and inflammation. The study's findings pave the way for developing new therapies to treat autoimmune diseases.
A recent study found that mildly deleterious mutations evolve as neutral during early human migrations out of Africa, while very harmful mutations are found at similar frequencies globally. This suggests a maximum threshold for human tolerance to genetic damage.
Researchers developed a new class of dissolvable electronic sensors that can monitor temperature and pressure within the skull after a brain injury or surgery. The sensors are made from biodegradable materials and can transmit signals wirelessly, eliminating the need for additional surgery to remove them.
A study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that women carrying an inherited BRIP1 gene fault are over three times more likely to develop ovarian cancer. The research also showed that these women tend to be diagnosed with aggressive cancers at a later age and have a higher risk of dying from the disease.
A new study by the University of Exeter found that grey squirrels solve problems in the search for food through persistence and choosing effective behaviors. The research showed increased experience, higher persistence, and behavioral selectivity are directly related to improved problem-solving efficiency.
A new app called QUiPP was tested in high-risk women to predict preterm birth risk. The app performed well as a predictive tool, outperforming individual factors like cervical length and fetal fibronectin levels.
A Japanese physicist has developed new ways to create muonium atoms through particle collisions, offering advancements in detection and applications in proton size measurements. The second method using a positively charged muon colliding with a muonic hydrogen atom shows the most promise for future experiments.
Researchers have successfully generated human cardiac muscle cells from stem cells using a 'Matrigel mattress', addressing a problem with contractile properties. The new method allows for high-throughput screens to find novel therapies for heart diseases, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
A new clinical imaging method has been developed to tackle one of the main killers of patients with weakened immune systems. The method uses a combination of PET and MRI imaging to identify invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, allowing for faster and more accurate diagnosis.
Researchers found that human brains recognize emotions through vocalizations just one-tenth of a second faster than speech, with anger signals producing longer brain activity. Anxious individuals exhibit a faster response to emotional voices compared to less anxious participants.
Researchers developed logic gates that can operate inside cells and interact with native messenger RNA, enabling a foundation for bio-computers to sense, analyze, and modulate molecular information. The tools could provide a basis for creating circuits with many inputs to control cellular behavior in response to stimuli.
New research highlights the slow progress made in preventing stillbirths, despite significant reductions in maternal and child deaths. The study reveals that most stillbirths are preventable with improved quality of care during labor and birth.
A team of Penn Medicine researchers successfully identified a pathogenic agent in a patient sample using PathoChip technology, which rapidly identifies elusive microorganisms. The breakthrough could lead to faster and more effective treatment for life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients.
A team of scientists has quantified deep carbon emissions associated with the East African Rift, revealing a significant source of CO2. The study found that faults along the rift act as permeable pathways for deeply-derived CO2, suggesting a previously unrecognized role in global climate change.
A comprehensive check list of 1,541 snout moth species has been compiled by Dr. Brian Scholtens and Dr. M. Alma Solis, shedding light on the fauna of North America and its potential threats to crops and forests.
The University of Chicago Medicine will receive a $5 million donation from the Hospira Foundation to create the Hospira Foundation Professorship in Oncology. This professorship will support research aimed at discovering new therapies and treatments for cancer.
Researchers have discovered a new mutation that rescues abnormal axonal growth in the developing mouse brain affected by CFEOM3. The mutation targets the kinesin-microtubule interface and suppresses abnormal axon guidance.
Scientists have long struggled to explain the rapid deglaciation of the 'Snowball Earth' period, but new research now offers an explanation for the global formation of hundreds of metres thick deposits known as cap carbonates
A researcher at the University of the Basque Country has designed an economic model that reflects a country's economic evolution better by considering the relationship between technological obsolescence and economic growth. The model suggests a positive correlation between capital depreciation and long-term growth rates in 101 countries.
New research suggests that reducing beef production in Brazil could lead to higher global greenhouse gas emissions due to the need for farmers to recover degraded pastures and boost cattle productivity. This would potentially lower emissions by storing more carbon in the soil.
A new analysis suggests that placing plastic collectors near coasts is more beneficial for removing microplastics and preventing harm to wildlife and ecosystems. The study found that this approach could remove up to 31% of microplastics, compared to just 17% if all collectors were deployed within the Great Pacific garbage patch.
Three diamonds found in Johannesburg show that plate tectonics was in operation on Earth as early as 3.5 billion years ago, revealing key findings about the ancient planet's history.