Researchers found that the Greenland ice sheet's firn layer, which stores meltwater, is acting like a sponge but can be overwhelmed. This leads to increased release of meltwater into oceans, threatening sea levels.
The study found that regular microtubule arrangement is necessary for node cilia rotation, which determines left-right asymmetry of the body. The researchers also discovered that radial spokes play a crucial role in supporting this structure.
Researchers at the University of York and Exeter have discovered a single-celled protozoa called Paramecium bursaria benefits from exploiting a green algae inside it. The study suggests that symbiosis may not be mutually beneficial, but rather exploitative in nature.
The study found an increase in the nutritional quality of foods chosen by students and a decrease in energy density after implementing the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act. Meal participation rates remained unchanged at 46 percent before and after implementation.
A new literature review finds that nearly two-thirds of adolescent patients with back pain have unclear causes after clinical physical examination and imaging. Dr. Suken A. Shah advises maintaining proper posture, good core strength, regular exercise, and avoiding heavy backpacks to prevent or minimize back pain.
A new study by the University of Michigan predicts that Asian carp invasion in Lake Erie could lead to declines in most fish species, including walleye and rainbow trout, but smallmouth bass may increase in weight. The invasive carp could account for up to 34% of the total fish weight in the lake.
A new brain-scanning study of jazz pianists found that 'happy' and 'sad' music evoke different neural patterns, with greater activation of reward regions during sad improvisations. The researchers suggest that emotion plays a crucial role in creative states, influencing which parts of the brain's creativity network are activated.
A new study found that manure applications in high-input greenhouse environments can lead to significant nitrogen accumulation and loss, potentially resulting in economic losses. The research suggests reevaluating the role of manures to balance economic benefits with environmental risks.
A new study from Ohio State University reveals that consumers who choose not to research ethical product origins tend to denigrate those who do, perceiving them as less fashionable and boring. The researchers suggest that this behavior can undermine an individual's commitment to pro-social values.
A new collaborative best practices guideline has been released for optimal care of older adults before, during, and after surgical operations. The guideline provides expert recommendations for surgeons, anesthesiologists, and allied health care professionals to address postoperative complications and prolonged recovery in older patients.
Emergency physicians propose three interventions to improve cardiac arrest survival rates: developing a national OHCA registry, encouraging bystander CPR, and fostering high-performance CPR. The authors argue that inadequate research funding is a significant problem, hindering efforts to reduce mortality rates.
Dr. Yu Zhu, a polymer scientist at the University of Akron, has received a $538,679 NSF CAREER Award to study new types of conjugated polymers with fused sites enabling hydrogen bonding. The project aims to design high-performance polymer electronics for flexible and economical electronic materials.
A new study found that conveying emotions affects brain's creativity network, with 'happy' and 'sad' music evoking different neural patterns. The research suggests emotion plays a crucial role in creative states, with varying degrees of activation in brain regions.
A four-year survey in North East England monitored changes in common plant species abundance to understand the effects of climate change and inform conservation strategies. The study provided a benchmark for future comparisons and contributed to the tracking of biodiversity data.
New research suggests that increasing UK agricultural yields and restoring natural habitats like forests and wetlands can largely offset the country's greenhouse gas emissions. By 2050, this approach could meet government targets of an 80% reduction in emissions for the farming industry.
Researchers at Indiana University have developed a highly efficient biomaterial that catalyzes the formation of hydrogen gas from water. The material, called P22-Hyd, is produced through a simple fermentation process at room temperature and has potential to replace platinum-based fuel cells.
A new study by Stockholm University estimates that northern lakes and ponds are a critical source of methane emissions. The study suggests that these emissions could increase by 20-50% before the end of this century, potentially fueling a positive feedback loop on future warming.
Researchers found that authors from a shared medical training background are more likely to publish articles supporting maximal tumor removal for patient survival. This phenomenon, known as 'medical academic genealogy,' suggests that mentorship and training influence the types of articles published.
A recent University of Tennessee study suggests that the belief people are born with their sexual orientation is not the key to improving attitudes toward lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals. Instead, it's what else they believe about sexual orientation that distinguishes them from those with negative or positive attitudes towards ga...
An international team of astronomers found strong magnetic fields are common in stars, contradicting previous assumptions. The study used data from NASA's Kepler mission to analyze over 700 red giant stars and discovered that many host internal magnetic fields up to 10 million times stronger than Earth's.
The study found that over 3.1 million elderly adults visited emergency departments in the US due to infectious diseases, accounting for 13.5% of all visits. The most common diagnoses were lower respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and septicemia.
Research by The Miriam Hospital and Rhode Island Community Food Bank found that healthy diets rich in fruits and vegetables can be affordable, with an annual savings of nearly $750 per person. A plant-based olive oil diet was compared to the USDA's MyPlate diet and found to be cheaper and more nutritious.
Researchers reveal that facultative parthenogenesis is prevalent among snake species, with potentially significant implications for vertebrate evolution. The study proposes splitting this phenomenon into two forms and identifies snakes as ideal model species to investigate the evolution of vertebrate parthenogenesis.
Scientists have discovered volcanic ash in Lake Tiefer See in northeastern Germany that dates back to islandic eruptions over the past 11,500 years. The analysis allowed for precise synchronization of sediment archives from Germany and Poland, enabling researchers to decipher subtle regional differences in climate change.
A device developed by UVA researchers aims to automate blood-sugar levels in people with type 1 diabetes through two clinical trials, which could lead to FDA approval if successful. The artificial pancreas will be tested at nine locations worldwide, including Europe.
Scientists are exploring the potential of bacteriophages, which target specific bacteria, to prevent and treat intestinal illnesses like Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli in children. The research aims to develop a new approach for treating food poisoning in developing countries.
Researchers at Binghamton University have discovered a material with superior mechanical properties that could be used in fighter planes and spacecraft. The boron nitride nanotubes exhibit stronger interfaces with polymers, enabling the creation of lighter yet more fuel-efficient aircraft and space shuttles.
The Interact project creates mixed reality virtual Holocaust survivors that provide personal testimony and respond to questions. This innovative technology ensures a rich experience for audiences, allowing future generations to better understand the history of the Holocaust.
Researchers found that minor flu strains can replicate and evade immunizations, spreading the virus rapidly among individuals.
A team of astronomers has discovered that up to 60 percent of stars host strong magnetic fields, which can significantly alter the physical processes taking place in the core. The researchers used asteroseismology to detect these hidden fields and found that they are prevalent in intermediate mass stars.
A new study finds that climate change and changing water resources could reduce global electricity production capacity by over 60% by 2040-2069. However, adaptation measures such as increasing power plant efficiency and using alternative cooling systems can mitigate this decline.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool found that heating magma leads to gas bubble formation, triggering explosive eruptions. The study suggests temperature is more important than pressure in generating bubbles.
Researchers developed a model to study adjustable adhesion power in rough, elastic surfaces. The study focused on the transition from weak to strong adhesion, revealing its importance in establishing contact.
A new study suggests that Asian carp could cause declines in most fish species in Lake Erie, including walleye and rainbow trout, while smallmouth bass may increase. The model results show that Asian carp could eventually account for up to 34% of the total fish weight in the lake.
Research by Brown University biologist Christopher Anderson reveals the smallest species of chameleon produces the most powerful tongue acceleration, with peak values 264 times greater than gravitational acceleration.
A randomized clinical trial found that higher monthly doses of vitamin D were associated with an increased risk of falls in patients 70 or older. The study also showed that these high doses had no benefit on improving lower extremity function.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that micronuclei structures can cause aneuploidy and lead to mosaic embryos. This discovery may provide early non-invasive detection of aneuploidy, improving the chances of success for infertile couples who rely on medically assisted reproduction methods.
Patients undergoing radical prostatectomy often expect quicker recovery of sexual function, but may be unaware of potential complications such as penile length loss. Research found that robotic surgery patients had more optimistic expectations than open surgery patients.
A new study reveals a sharp increase in drug shortages affecting emergency care in the US, from 26 to 123, a 373% rise from 2008 to 2014. Life-threatening medications are particularly affected, leaving emergency department physicians without necessary treatments for critical patients.
Researchers are conducting one of the largest-ever long-term clinical trials of an artificial pancreas system to regulate blood sugar levels in individuals with type 1 diabetes. The trial aims to test the safety and efficacy of the system, which uses advanced algorithms and sensors to mimic a healthy person's glucose regulating function.
The International Osteoporosis Foundation is urging physicians to individualize treatment decisions based on patients' fracture risk, rather than automatically interrupting or stopping bisphosphonate therapy. The benefits of continued therapy in high-risk patients greatly exceed the risk of rare side effects.
A study found that doctors give less compassionate nonverbal cues to black patients compared to white patients, potentially leading to miscommunication and mistrust. The researchers suggest that physicians be aware of their verbal and nonverbal communication to build trust with black patients.
Researchers have identified a novel drug target for treating Rett Syndrome and other forms of autism-spectrum disorders. By increasing KCC2 function in diseased nerve cells, the treatment may alleviate symptoms and improve brain development.
Researchers used OCT to visualize and assess biofilm on intubated endotracheal tubes in vivo, detecting the presence of pneumonia-related bacteria. The study showed that OCT can measure biofilm thickness and gather information about its extent, potentially leading to reduced infection rates.
A 25-year-old former college football player experienced over 10 concussions during his 16-year career, leading to CTE pathology and cognitive issues. The player's autopsy confirmed the diagnosis, making him the first person with CTE to undergo neuropsychological testing.
Researchers induce self-photosensitization of M. thermoacetica with cadmium sulfide nanoparticles, enabling photosynthesis and synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles for efficient solar-to-chemical production.
Research by American Psychological Association found that self-esteem tends to increase with age, but the gender gap is more significant in Western industrialized countries. The study analyzed data from over 985,000 men and women ages 16-45 from 48 countries, revealing that specific cultural influences shape self-esteem development in ...
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/2016 provides an overview of 1,700 human drug targets, focusing on those exploited in the clinic or with future therapeutic potential. The guide combines evidence-based data with summaries of molecular targets, allowing users to rapidly gain insight into their function and comparative pharmacology.
Tropical Cyclone Ula affected Fiji over Jan. 2-3, but moved south by Jan. 4, losing its eye and decreasing to Category 1 hurricane. Warnings for surrounding islands remain in force due to a nearby trough of low pressure.
A comprehensive resource for willow cultivars has been compiled, featuring 854 cultivar epithets with accompanying information. The checklist is expected to serve a diverse constituency of users and promote the effective utilization of germplasm in horticulture and ecosystem services.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has awarded a grant to Stevens Institute and Penn Nursing to use policy flight simulators to determine the usability and effectiveness of the Transitional Care Model. The goal is to accelerate decisions to implement the TCM, which addresses negative effects associated with common breakdowns in care.
A study by NIH researchers found that children conceived through infertility treatment have similar developmental scores to those conceived naturally, with some increased risks for twins but not ART treatment groups.
Researchers from Charité's Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience tested whether people can cancel decisions based on brain waves. They found that a person's decisions are not at the mercy of unconscious and early brain waves, but can actively intervene in the decision-making process.
A new meta-research section in PLOS Biology examines the 'credibility crisis' in science, focusing on study transparency and reproducibility. The section aims to improve research standards in the biological sciences and beyond.
A team of researchers has shed new light on the relationships between cartilage structure and function, revealing microdomains that behave differently from surrounding tissue. This discovery paves the way for more effective treatments of meniscus tears and osteoarthritis.
Aging stars stop slowing down as their magnetic field interacts with a wind of particles flowing away from its surface, according to research published in Nature. This discovery challenges previous theories on stellar rotation and has implications for understanding how the Sun influences its local environment, including planets.
Researchers found the Greenland ice sheet's firn layer is changing rapidly with climate change, altering its ability to store meltwater. The study suggests this could lead to higher-than-predicted sea level rise contributions from the ice sheet.
Cardiovascular disease is prevalent among adult survivors of childhood cancer, presenting at an earlier age and causing substantial morbidity. The American College of Physicians emphasizes the need for systematic assessment and potential value of routine physical exams to identify cardiac abnormalities.
A new study suggests that hydroxyurea can be effective in reducing the risk of stroke for some children with sickle cell disease. The Transcranial Doppler with Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (TWiTCH) study, stopped early due to positive preliminary results, showed that transitioning from regular blood transfusions to daily doses ...
Researchers at University of Groningen find self-replicating molecules that diversify into distinct sets, sparking debate on life's molecular roots. The study reveals a process similar to biological speciation, but occurring at the molecular level.
A new study has identified the factors contributing to the transmission of zoonotic diseases from bats to humans, highlighting areas at high risk in West Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, and South East Asia. The research used data spanning over 110 years to create a global map showing hotspots for bat-human virus transmission risk.
A recent NUS study examines the factors leading to mangrove deforestation in Southeast Asia between 2000 and 2012. The researchers found that rice agriculture in Myanmar and oil palm plantations in Malaysia and Indonesia are major drivers of this deforestation, posing future threats to the region's mangrove ecosystems.
Researchers at the Allen Institute for Brain Science have developed a taxonomy of cells in the mouse visual cortex based on single-cell gene expression, identifying 42 neuronal and 7 non-neuronal cell types. This study provides a basic understanding of brain function by categorizing cellular building blocks.
Researchers at University of Missouri-Columbia discovered that the gene Sprouty2, previously believed to suppress cancer growth, may actually promote metastasis in colorectal cancer. This finding has significant implications for understanding and treating the disease.
New research indicates that stars older than the Sun spin less than expected, affecting age calculations. This discovery has significant implications for understanding stellar aging and predicting future changes in our own Solar System.
A new study found that African American men with low-grade prostate cancer produce less PSA and have significantly lower PSA density than Caucasian men. This could lead to inaccurate surveillance criteria and affect treatment decisions for African American patients.
Two studies published in PLOS Biology reveal that researchers rarely provide full protocol, data, and transparency to verify or replicate their work. The findings highlight the need for improvement in reporting practices, which can lead to wasted funding and biased results.
Researchers found that students who are socially influential can shape their peers' behaviors and social norms, leading to a 30% reduction in student conflict reports. The Roots program, which engages these student influencers in spreading anti-conflict messages, is a promising solution to curb school bullying.
Studies have shown that oxygen levels in the deep ocean were at least 4% of modern concentrations 1.4 billion years ago, indicating that animals could exist and evolve with this amount of oxygen. Despite this, animals did not appear on Earth until about 600 million years ago.
A recent study by University of California, San Diego School of Medicine analyzed 2.4 million physician payments totaling $475 million made during the last five months of 2013. Internal medicine and orthopedic surgery received the greatest total value at $111 million each.
A physically active lifestyle can substantially decrease the genetic effect of the major obesity gene FTO on body weight in a multiethnic population. Researchers at McMaster University found that physical activity can blunt the effect of inherited obesity genes by up to 75 per cent.
Researchers find massive release of CO2 from Southern Ocean occurred when Antarctic sea ice melted, not due to changes in ocean density. The expansion and retreat of sea ice acted as a 'lid' controlling CO2 exchange between ocean and atmosphere.
A new UNC-Chapel Hill study shows that social relationships reduce health risk across the lifespan. The research found that strong social connections are vital for overall well-being, particularly in adolescence and old age, while quality of relationships matters in middle adulthood.
Research reveals significant disparities in data quality and quantity among European countries and species, hindering effective conservation efforts for the region's 16 recognized freshwater mussels. The study highlights the need for standardized monitoring and management protocols to conserve this vulnerable group and its habitats.
Scientists have successfully implemented an innovative scheme to increase proton collision rates at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), resulting in doubled peak and average luminosity measures. This enables researchers to collect more data to answer important questions about proton spin and nuclear physics.
Two studies found that recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis in children has a high disease burden, with 42% rate of rehospitalizations and estimated annual healthcare costs of $40,000. The studies highlight the need for information and research to prevent suffering and reduce costs.
A new model suggests a more nuanced response to climate change in the Amazon forest, with individual trees experiencing water stress, leading to a gradual shift from high-biomass forests to low-biomass ecosystems. This approach better captures ecosystem heterogeneity and predicts a less drastic transition.
A new Boston University study found that most obesity research relying on one-time measures of body mass index (BMI) overlooks the health impacts of weight change over time. The researchers argue that using 'weight histories' in studies clarifies the risks of obesity and shows they are much higher than appreciated.
A new study reveals that mandatory tumor tissue requirements in clinical trials delay treatment and reduce patient enrollment. Trials without these requirements show faster treatment initiation and higher enrollment rates.
A $13.5 million funding award from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) will support a study analyzing the safety and effectiveness of three blood-thinning drugs used to prevent post-surgery blood clots in patients undergoing hip and knee replacement.
Researchers at NYU Langone developed an antiscarring paste that inhibits fibrosis caused by radiation therapy in mice. The study suggests the use of A2A receptor blockers as a potential therapeutic approach to prevent scarring and fibrosis in cancer patients.