Researchers from Facebook's Connectivity Lab have demonstrated a new approach for detecting optical communication signals, overcoming the primary challenge of precisely pointing a small laser beam at a tiny light detector. The new technology uses fluorescent materials to collect and concentrate light onto a photodetector, achieving dat...
Researchers at University Hospitals Case Medical Center are conducting a clinical trial using Philips fMRI Scanner to detect brain activation in patients with early and middle stages of Alzheimer's. The study aims to develop faster and more precise real-time methods for fMRI experimentation, which may help improve diagnosis accuracy.
Researchers are developing a crowdsourced system that allows users to contribute in helping detect and locate unauthorized radio frequency use. The system uses software-defined radio technology and smartphone apps to monitor for suspicious activity, potentially aiding authorities in combating wireless theft.
The ANRS 162-4D trial found that patients on a 4-day a week regimen had undetectable viral loads for most of the study period. The innovative strategy aims to improve adherence and reduce drug burden, but more research is needed to confirm its efficacy.
Canada's northern indigenous communities are at risk of mercury exposure due to high fish and marine animal consumption. The Canadian Medical Association Journal provides guidance on managing mercury exposure in patients with diets high in fish and marine animals.
Epidemiological studies support the consumption of virgin olive oil as an effective antihypertensive agent. The unique bioactive properties of oleic acid and minor constituents in virgin olive oil protect against hypertension by influencing vascular contractibility and heart/kidney cellular loss, leading to reduced blood pressure.
A new study finds that policy makers have little idea what ecological terms mean, leading to confusion and ineffective policies. The researchers propose a framework to clarify these terms and promote better communication between scientists and policymakers.
Researchers found that black mothers were nine times more likely to be given formula in the hospital than white mothers, while Hispanic mothers had higher breastfeeding rates due to family history. The study suggests that hospitals and policy makers consider these factors to reduce racial and ethnic disparities
The American Cancer Society has endorsed HPV vaccination recommendations from the CDC, recommending routine vaccination of all children at age 11 or 12. Vaccination is also recommended for females ages 13 to 26 and males aged 13 to 21 who have not been vaccinated previously or completed the 3-dose series.
A new systematic review found that gliclazide confers the lowest risk of hypoglycemia when added to metformin. This suggests prescribing a medication with a lower risk of low blood sugar may be a rational and affordable alternative for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Direct medical costs of surgery put an estimated 43.9% of the world's population at risk of financial catastrophe. Every year, approximately 30 million individuals face financial ruin and 11 million fall below poverty lines due to surgical expenses.
Researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute and the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth discovered flavonols in cranberry juice significantly reduce E.coli adhesion, which can cause bacterial infections. The findings may lead to new antibiotic drug targets and alternative treatments for 'superbugs'.
A new study reveals that Wolfram syndrome's mitochondrial dynamics impairment delays neuronal development, causing deafness, optic atrophy, and psychiatric disorders. The study highlights the causal role of regulating mitochondrial turnover in the disease's defects.
Researchers have found an interaction between a mutant gene and alpha synuclein in neurons that contributes to Parkinson's disease pathologies. Drugs now under development may block the process by targeting LRRK2 kinase activity.
A new study found that buprenorphine implants are non-inferior to sublingual buprenorphine in maintaining abstinence from opioids. The implants reduced adherence issues and improved efficacy in stable patients, offering a potential solution for addressing opioid dependence.
A multidisciplinary team of UCSB faculty members and clinicians will conduct biomedical research on sepsis, a severe response to infections, thanks to a $12.8 million NIH grant. The program aims to develop radically different approaches to treating sepsis, with the goal of reducing disability and death.
Researchers found that older adults with memory deficits selectively recalled positive information, while high-performers retained neutral material. The test could potentially detect Alzheimer's susceptibility in early stages.
A recent study reveals that ship engine emissions adversely affect macrophages, a key component of the immune system. The toxic effects of these emissions on macrophages can lead to pro-inflammatory reactions and other biological processes, highlighting the need for efficient particle-reducing measures.
A new tool is being developed by NASA to assure picometer-level stability, a feat not yet accomplished. The instrument will measure tiny changes in mirror segments and other supporting telescope structure during environmental testing.
Purdue University researchers have successfully controlled the electron spin of a levitated nanodiamond using lasers in a vacuum, enabling potential applications in quantum information processing, sensors, and fundamental physics studies. The technique could also be used to detect and measure gases, such as oxygen, with improved accuracy.
A new modular design approach simplifies the creation of acoustic filters, allowing for rapid prediction of acoustic properties in complex assemblies. This enables the development of innovative applications such as audio tags and wind instruments with customizable sound profiles.
Researchers at Colorado State University have developed a simple and inexpensive device that can sort droplets of liquid based solely on their varying surface tensions. The device uses a tunable surface chemistry to manipulate its repellency to different liquids, enabling the sorting of droplets by surface tension.
Scientists explore European bison bulls' demographic history, revealing footprints of selection on over 400 genes. These genes are associated with physiological functions underlying distinctive features between bison and bovine lineages, such as thermogenesis and wooly hair development.
A new Australian-first study found that nearly half of patients hospitalized due to diabetic foot disease were already showing symptoms. Diabetic foot disease causes significant costs, with estimated annual direct costs reaching $350 million for hospitalization alone.
A high dietary intake of omega 3 fatty acids from oily fish may help lower the risk of death from bowel cancer in patients diagnosed with the disease. Patients with a higher omega 3 intake were found to have a 41% lower risk of dying from their disease, according to researchers.
Research found that patients hospitalized for mania were more likely to be on antibiotics to treat active infections than healthy controls. This link between infection, antibiotics, and manic episodes adds evidence to the gut-brain axis theory, suggesting that a person's microbiome plays a role in psychiatric symptoms.
Researchers improved understanding of the process that stops reactions in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), a clean energy technology that has struggled to gain wide acceptance. The study found that an electric field can prevent failures and improve system performance by capturing the complexity of the triple-phase boundary.
Scientists from the AWI have correctly simulated the Eocene warm climate phase using climate models, overcoming a previous weakness due to misinterpreting the temperature indicator TEX86. The corrected temperatures reveal that the region was still warm enough for palm trees to grow on beaches.
Researchers have developed a technique to program stem cells to grow new cartilage on a 3-D template shaped like the ball of a hip joint. The cartilage can release anti-inflammatory molecules to fend off arthritis. The discovery may provide an alternative to hip-replacement surgery, particularly in younger patients.
Jeff Shamma, a King Abdullah University of Science & Technology professor, has been elected as an IFAC Fellow for his significant contributions to linear parameter varying systems and multiagent systems. He joins a prestigious list of global academics and experts in the field of control and systems engineering.
Researchers have created biohybrid robots that crawl like sea turtles on the beach, combining tissues from a sea slug with flexible 3-D printed components. The robots are designed to be compliant and interact with their environment, making them suitable for tasks such as searching for toxic leaks or lost flight data recorders.
Kansas State University researchers are investigating whether people have the same emotional connections with animals when watching them through live webcams and in real life. The study uses a
NJIT will receive $20 million in capital funding to renovate classrooms and laboratory spaces, with a focus on creating a cutting-edge Makerspace. The facility will provide state-of-the-art equipment and resources for students, faculty, and regional companies, fostering innovation and collaboration.
A new study reveals a significant relationship between chronic periodontitis and lacunar infarct, two common diseases affecting the elderly. The study suggests that periodontitis may lead to systemic inflammation, increasing the risk of developing cerebrovascular diseases.
Researchers identified STN1 gene mutations as the cause of Coats plus syndrome, a telomeropathy that affects multiple tissues. The study found that cells with dysfunctional telomeres and decreased capacity to divide were characteristic of patients with Coats plus syndrome.
A new study describes a scalable solution for transforming health-care delivery in primary care into the PCMH model. A simplified form of cognitive task analysis (CTA) was used to analyze how doctors' office staff thought about and delivered care, advising them on improvements.
By inducing autophagy, researchers at Drexel University and Yale University decreased lung injury in mice exposed to high oxygen levels, offering a potential solution for preventing chronic lung conditions like Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants.
Researchers from the University of Sydney and the University of Potsdam have uncovered a distinct two-phase separation process for continental breakup, involving gradual rifting and eventual rapid subsidence. The study highlights a phenomenon difficult to explain within conventional plate tectonics, shedding new light on the process.
A Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center study found that Zyprexa (olanzapine) is linked to the highest risk of weight gain, while Geodon (ziprasidone) and Seroquel (quetiapine) were not associated with an increase in body mass index. The study suggests balancing treatment risks and benefits for children and teens with ASD.
The Rio Grande is a vital lifeline for the southwestern US and northern Mexico, but its water level is declining due to growing demand. A new study proposes four policy recommendations to strengthen water resources management, including reciprocal water re-distribution, expertise sharing, and small-scale sustainability strategies.
The HPTN 052 study found a significant reduction in HIV transmission when the infected person starts antiretroviral therapy at a higher CD4 cell count. Researchers also discovered that 93% of HIV transmission was prevented with early treatment initiation.
Scientists create a film that curls up and straightens autonomously when exposed to tiny changes in humidity, using it to transform environmental fluctuations into mechanical energy. The film can jump high and repeatedly bend and straighten without deterioration.
Researchers have developed a method to control sound waves using acoustic voxels, small hollow cube-shaped chambers that can modify acoustic filtering properties. This enables the creation of unique acoustic signatures for objects, potentially replacing QR codes and RFID tags.
A study found that the novelty factor is a key motivator for e-cigarette use among adolescents, with nearly 70% having heard about e-cigarettes and over 10% using them. E-cigarette use was more common among male respondents who were already using cigarettes and other tobacco products.
Researchers reveal that unusual DNA repeat elements on inactive X chromosomes are crucial for maintaining the three-dimensional structure of this female-specific genetic phenomenon. The study uses genome engineering techniques to demonstrate the importance of these repeats, opening a new era of genomics research.
Engineered CAR T cells targeting multiple tumor antigens show improved anti-tumor activity and survival rates in an animal model of glioblastoma. This approach could lead to more effective immunotherapies for certain types of cancer.
Researchers collected unique data set after 2014 South Napa earthquake, showing afterslip concentrated in loosely packed sediment. This helps address question: Can geology be used as proxy for fault behavior? The findings have significant implications for earthquake hazard models and planning response.
Researchers have created gas biosensors that enable real-time monitoring of microbial gene expression in soil samples, allowing for the study of horizontal gene transfer and its impact on environmental processes. The technique has the potential to improve crop growth through more efficient watering and fertilizer use.
The monthly dapivirine vaginal ring provides significant protection against HIV infection in women, with consistent use reducing risk by at least 56%. Two open-label studies have launched to further investigate the product's efficacy and support its consistent use.
A new study from New York University neuroscientists reveals the brain's role in decision-making. By using confidence to gauge errors, the brain revises its approach, even in complex situations like medical diagnoses and financial investments.
Scientists at McMaster University have discovered a clear way to measure past changes in vitamin D deficiency, which affects over 1 billion people worldwide. They analyzed the microscopic structure of ancient teeth to reveal anomalies formed in dentin layers during periods of low sun exposure.
A newly discovered ancient turtle fossil reveals that the turtle shell initially evolved for burrowing, not protection. The fossil, about 15 cm long, was found by an 8-year-old boy and helps solve a long-standing mystery in the field of evolutionary biology.
Empa researchers develop new flame retardants with improved flame retardancy and no toxic effects, highlighting the importance of toxicological cross-checking before mass production. The newly developed EDA-DOPO is a good candidate for further development, showing better safety and effectiveness than previously available products.
Researchers at the University of Leicester found that hospital admissions for hypoglycemia have risen by 39% between 2005 and 2014, with almost 80,000 people admitted. The average cost per admission is estimated to be £1,000, with the total cost of treating severe episodes in the UK around £13 million.
A study has found that a father's metabolic health can be passed to his children and grandchildren, increasing their risk of developing metabolic disease. The research discovered that obese fathers are putting their sons at risk of developing fatty liver disease and pre-diabetic symptoms.
A new study found that people with asthma living near larger or bigger fracking industry wells in Pennsylvania are 1.5-4 times more likely to experience asthma attacks. The researchers identified a significant increase in asthma attacks among patients living closer to these wells, particularly during the production phase.
A study of over 35,000 patients with asthma found that living near areas with high residential unconventional natural gas development activity was associated with a higher risk of asthma exacerbations. The study estimated air pollution and exposure metrics using distance, well characteristics, and phase duration.
A new study found bariatric surgery significantly improved functional mobility and reduced musculoskeletal pain in adolescents. Positive effects on walking speed, resting heart rate, and post-test heart rates were observed as early as six months after surgery and persisted for two years.
Researchers have developed self-assembling particles that can change shape in response to light, mimicking natural transformations. The team engineered particles a micrometer in width, enabling the creation of exotic colloidal geometries.
Researchers found that using the dapivirine ring consistently provided significant protection against HIV, with high adherence associated with better HIV protection. The study's results coincide with the start of the HOPE open-label study, which will gather additional information on the ring's safety and effectiveness.