A recent study by Dr. Susanne Wolf found that white blood cells act as an intermediary between the gut microbiome and the brain, playing a crucial role in neurogenesis and memory function. The research suggests that antibiotics may disrupt this communication pathway, leading to impaired neurogenesis and memory deterioration.
A recent study published in PLOS Genetics has identified a single gene, RCAN1, that may contribute to insulin secretion problems in both conditions. Overexpression of this gene leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced insulin production in beta cells.
A groundbreaking study released in The Lancet shows that a single injectable dose of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) along with bivalent oral polio vaccine can protect up to 90% of children from polio. The research demonstrates faster and stronger protection compared to using the oral vaccine alone.
A new study from Ohio State University reveals rattlesnake venom's regional variations effectively counter squirrel defenses, indicating co-evolutionary adaptation. The research found significant variation in venom activity and resistance across populations, with snakes best suited to their local opponents.
Researchers at the University of Leeds discovered a key gene, ANR, that enabled plants to tolerate extreme dehydration, allowing them to colonize land around 500 million years ago. The gene is unique to basal land plants and plays a crucial role in responding to stress hormones like ABA.
Researchers mapped changes in plant cell wall composition over space and time using Arabidopsis as a model organism, revealing key roles in plant developmental pathways. The study identifies essential genes involved in cellulose production and suggests selective breeding to enhance plant properties.
A global early warning system for infectious diseases is proposed to use computer models to forecast disease risk and inform targeted responses. This system could shift the paradigm from reactive to pre-emptive management of risk, minimizing damages and improving global health security.
Cities around the world are exploring innovative ways to reduce their carbon footprint, from solar panels on buildings to optimized transportation systems. Researchers propose various strategies to improve water management, food supply chains, and air quality in urban areas.
Fatty liver and visceral obesity are key predictors of prediabetes and cardiovascular risk. Insulin secretion failure and resistance also play a significant role in modulating disease risk.
A new study suggests that sharing risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) with bereaved parents does not increase self-blame and can help prevent future deaths. The research found that most parents who lost a child to SIDS did not blame themselves, but rather experienced overwhelming guilt.
Researchers have developed a single-layer organic nanometer-scale transistor that can detect molecules associated with neurodegenerative diseases and some types of cancer. The device uses glutathione and glutathione S-transferase to identify target molecules, offering sensitivity and potential for rapid diagnosis.
The study reveals ULK1 and ULK2 control protein movement from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, maintaining cellular homeostasis. Restoring this process quelled ER stress response in cells deficient in the two enzymes.
A research team identified low expression of methylation-controlled J protein (MCJ) as a marker of poor response to chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer patients. They found that MCJ-expressing tumors had reduced relapse-free survival and that mice deficient in MCJ had larger tumors and increased chemoresistance.
Researchers have identified a method to scavenge inflammatory molecules that mediate sepsis in mice, using the protein haptoglobin. Haptoglobin-based therapies could potentially be used to treat HMGB1-mediated inflammatory diseases such as sepsis.
Researchers used speed-dating to test whether genetics play a role in mate selection, finding that genotypes consistent with gender norms influenced success. Men and women with specific genetic variants were seen as more desirable or less likely to receive second dates.
Researchers at Penn Vet found that a common blood test may also indicate hypercoagulability in animals. A study of hundreds of dogs found that shortened prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were associated with clinical signs of hypercoagulability, including clots and suspected pulmonary thromboembolism.
A team of chemists from the Complutense University of Madrid has developed a simple and low-cost method to measure beer freshness using a polymer sensor and a smartphone app. The results show that the new system is comparable to more sophisticated methods, such as gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.
Researchers found that belief in Iron Dome's success and resilience can mitigate PTSD symptoms. The study showed that even at high trauma exposure levels, resilient individuals with confidence in Iron Dome experienced reduced trauma symptoms.
Researchers found that a tumor suppressor gene helps repair UV damage in cells, reducing the risk of skin cancers like melanoma. The study suggests this gene may serve as a biomarker for skin cancer prevention and offers hope for new drug targets.
Researchers identify mutation in ATP4a gene responsible for aggressive form of inherited gastric NET. Restoring normal gastric acid balance with hydrogen chloride solution prevents tumour development in genetically engineered mice.
Researchers found that excessive drinkers would pay nearly $3 in $4 of the increased cost of alcohol following state alcohol tax increases. In contrast, non-excessive drinkers would pay less than $10 per year, regardless of hypothetical tax increase amounts.
Researchers found a gene called CYP2J19 that converts yellow carotenoids into red ones in the skin and feathers of red birds. The study suggests that for a bird to grow red feathers, it needs not just the redness gene but also a special form of the gene involved in feather growth.
Researchers identified Zika virus protein NS5 as a promising target for vaccines, inhibiting human interferon responses by blocking STAT2 protein. The study found altered or removed NS5 could trigger the human immune system to attack the virus, making it a potential vaccine candidate.
A new study by Children's Minnesota found that children treated at Level I pediatric trauma centers have lower risks of complications and adolescents face greater odds of death compared to adult trauma centers. Pediatric trauma centers provide conservative care approaches, leading to better outcomes for injured children.
Researchers at Max-Planck-Institute for Intelligent Systems have discovered a new reversible adhesive using gallium that can be controlled by temperature changes. The adhesive has potential applications in various fields such as biological samples handling and industrial pick-and-place processes.
The Fr1da study has detected an early stage of type 1 diabetes in 105 out of 26,760 children aged two to five years. The children have not shown signs of metabolic imbalance, suggesting a potential breakthrough in preventive healthcare. Families are being offered comprehensive support and care.
Roanu is intensifying with defined eye and broad storm surge potential, threatening widespread flooding in Bangladesh. The cyclone has already caused massive landslides and flooding in Sri Lanka and could reach hurricane strength, posing a significant threat to the region.
A new analysis of the SPRINT study confirms that adults aged 75 and older with high blood pressure benefit from a systolic blood pressure goal of less than 120 mm Hg, reducing cardiovascular events by 33% and death risk by 32%. The findings suggest a more aggressive blood pressure intervention may be beneficial for this age group.
A study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention found that adolescent girls with high saturated-fat diets and low unsaturated-fat intake had higher breast densities, which may increase their risk for breast cancer later in life. The researchers analyzed data from 177 women and observed a significant association betwee...
University at Buffalo researchers have created a method to strip away excess surfactants from common injectable drugs, potentially making them safer and more effective for millions. The breakthrough removes potentially harmful additives, improving the formulation of anti-cancer medicine, testosterone, and other drugs.
Scientists found evidence of two mega-tsunamis on Mars, triggered by meteorite impacts, which formed cold salty oceans conducive to sustaining life. The research reveals ancient ocean characteristics, including icy lobes with briny waters, providing a potential refuge for life in extreme environments.
Researchers have identified a key protein in Zika virus that blocks the action of interferons in human cells, making humans more susceptible to infection. This discovery could lead to new therapeutic approaches and vaccine development by blocking the activity of this protein.
Researchers from the University of Leeds have discovered a way to prevent ice crystals from forming in water as it is cooled to -35°C using glycerol. This breakthrough has important implications for improving cryoprotectants used in fertility treatments and food storage.
Researchers discovered that albumin and globulin proteins improve the tribology of artificial joint implants, suggesting a potential solution to reduce wear and tear. The findings have implications for extending the lifespan of prosthetic joints and improving patient quality of life.
Researchers developed a new approach to cancer immunotherapy by using donated immune cells to recognize and target cancer cells. The study found that adding mutated DNA from cancer cells into immune-stimulating cells from healthy donors can trigger an immune response in healthy cells, which can then be used to attack cancer cells.
A study published in Cell Stem Cell found that small amounts of mitochondrial DNA can override the mitochondria in donor cells after nuclear transfer, raising concerns about the therapy's safety and effectiveness. The researchers are now exploring strategies to avoid this carryover and ensure complete mitochondrial DNA replacement.
A PhD student at OIST Graduate University created a plastic insert that modifies the pathways of the electric current in a circular shape, making each current path of the same distance. This design enables researchers to study cells in a uniform electric field, even in circular-shaped environments like petri dishes.
A recent study by McGill University Health Centre researchers found that microglia can reduce the adverse changes to neural circuitry caused by chronic cocaine use. Microglia may be enticed to keep going by stimulating their production of TNF, which suppresses synaptic changes caused by cocaine.
A survey by Northwell Health found that nearly 7 in 10 older adults with hip fractures are not informed about osteoporosis, despite the disease being a common cause of hip fractures. The study suggests that improved education and treatment for osteoporosis could reduce re-fracture rates and improve patient outcomes.
A mouse study reveals that antibiotics can kill off gut bacteria and stop new brain cell growth in the hippocampus. However, probiotics and exercise have been shown to improve memory and neurogenesis by balancing the communication between the brain, immune system, and gut.
A study published in Brain Connectivity suggests that pediatric leukemia survivors may experience cognitive impairment due to chemotherapy-induced brain damage. The research used diffusion tensor imaging to analyze the white matter connectome of ALL survivors and healthy young people, revealing significantly lower connectivity and grea...
A new study published in American Anthropologist found that Nubians and Egyptians developed a cultural identity that combined aspects of both heritages. The research, conducted at the Tombos site in Sudan, revealed a community of Egyptians and Nubians who interacted, intermarried, and eventually became a single community.
A study of 1,421 Canadian children found that early introduction of allergenic foods decreases the risk of sensitization to these foods. Early introduction of eggs was especially beneficial, reducing the risk of sensitization to any of the three tested foods. The study suggests a shift in thinking from delayed food introduction to earl...
Researchers at Yale University have found a way for antibodies to enter the nervous system, allowing them to control viral infections. This discovery may lead to new treatments for conditions such as herpes and Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Researchers found that exposure to triclosan through household products did not significantly affect the gut or oral microbiome. The study, published in mSphere, suggests that people can safely use triclosan-containing toothpaste without worrying about its impact on their microbiome.
A new method enables the rapid release of intact cell sheets from a culture dish to damaged tissues, revolutionizing tissue repair. The technique leverages Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS) to induce slipperiness and detach cell sheets in just five minutes.
The American Association of Anatomists has established a new funding mechanism, the Fellows Grant Award Program, with $750,000 in annual awards. Established investigators and young researchers can apply for $25,000 grants to support research proposals submitted to major funding agencies.
Researchers have identified neurotrophin signaling proteins as promising therapeutic targets and biomarkers for childhood cancers. These proteins, including BDNF and NGF, can inhibit tumor growth and make cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy, offering new hope for improved treatment outcomes.
Researchers at the IAC discovered a powerful wind of neutral material in the outer layers of V404 Cygni's accretion disc. This wind regulates accretion, causing shorter outbursts, and has been detected for the first time in a black hole system.
A study led by Amita Sehgal found that a neuropeptide regulates the expression of detoxification genes in both fruitflies and mice, driving feeding behavior and having implications for chronotherapy. The findings suggest that synchrony between brain and peripheral clocks is crucial for maintaining good health.
The Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics will lead a university-wide team studying the ethical, legal and social implications of applying genomics to infectious diseases. The grant establishes a Specialized CEER with over $4 million in funding to explore genomic ELSI issues in infectious disease.
Researchers found that host birds only tolerate brood parasite eggs when threatened with retaliation by the parasitic birds. This 'mafia hypothesis' explains why some hosts accept parasitic eggs despite the risk of losing their own young.
A large clinical trial is set to begin in November 2016 to determine the safety and effectiveness of an investigational HIV vaccine regimen. The study, called HVTN 702, will enroll 5,400 adults at risk for HIV infection and assess the regimen's ability to prevent HIV infection among South African adults.
Researchers at CanChild Centre developed an autism classification system that defines levels of social communications ability among children with autism spectrum disorder. The new system, called the Autism Classification System of Functioning: Social Communication, provides a standardized and simplified way for clinicians to talk about...
A team of researchers suggests that increasing HCV treatment rates among people with mild disease could reduce transmission, while targeting those with severe disease has little impact. The studies also highlight the importance of increasing HCV treatments to prevent End Stage Liver Disease and related cancers or deaths
A Queen's University researcher is conducting a study on high-dose selenium supplementation to reduce complications and improve recovery in cardiac surgery patients. The SUSTAIN study aims to show that a simple, inexpensive substance can affect health outcomes.
A new study published in Nicotine & Tobacco Research demonstrates that nicotine suppresses body weight gain in rats independent of food intake. The study suggests a potential link between nicotine exposure and weight regulation, offering insights into the development of obesity pharmacotherapies.
Researchers at York University's OUCH lab found that past and continuing behaviour of parents is the biggest reason for a child's suffering from needle-related anxiety. The study, published in the journal Pain, highlights the importance of developing interventions to help parents support their children during painful medical procedures.
Researchers discover that depression results from deficiencies in both GABA and glutamate signaling, which can be restored with a single dose of ketamine. The study uses a mouse model to develop safer alternatives to current antidepressant medications.
A digital health intervention using email and text messages aimed at improving diet and physical activity had no effect on reducing heart attack risk among a South Asian population. The study found that knowledge of genetic risk was not a motivator for behavior change.