Researchers found that placing protein bars at the start of the dessert line increased selection by 46%, while keeping them in original packaging boosted selection by 59%. These simple changes made healthy foods more convenient and appealing to clients.
A team of scientists has identified a back-up mechanism for memory storage that takes over when the molecular mechanism of primary long-term memory storage fails. They found that mice engineered without an enzyme crucial to long-term memory storage still form memories because they deploy an alternative method, involving PKCλ/ι.
A novel therapeutic approach has been discovered using a breast cancer drug to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with FLT3 mutations. The compound blocks the production of the FLT3 gene and subsequently downregulates its activity, leading to the death of cancer cells.
Earthquakes triggered by human activity have been widespread throughout Texas since the 1920s, according to a new review of evidence. Oil and gas operations are the primary cause, but specific techniques have varied over time.
Researchers at UNSW have developed a new solar cell configuration that delivers a world-record 34.5% efficiency in sunlight-to-electricity conversion, nudging closer to the theoretical limits of such devices. The device uses a four-junction mini-module with a hybrid receiver to extract maximum energy from unfocussed sunlight.
Infants following baby-led weaning tend to be exclusively breastfed longer and eat meals with their families, which is great for long-term health. However, they have higher fat intakes and lower nutrient levels compared to spoon-fed babies.
The Unicorn platform aggregates open information from multiple databases to create tools for efficient policy studies, improving data collection, analysis, and modeling. It aims to support societal decision-making by providing quick, reliable, and efficient decision support.
A study by the University of Helsinki reveals three novel canine genes associated with human rare disorders, including Caffey disease and van den Ende-Gupta syndrome. The discovery highlights the potential of comparative research for developing diagnostics and treatments.
Researchers at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München have identified a plausible reaction mechanism for the production of key components of RNA under conditions similar to those on the young Earth. The discovery validates a pathway that could explain how chemical evolution proceeded before the formation of the first cells.
A new study from Harvard Medical School reveals that pure green light significantly reduces photophobia and headache severity in patients with migraines. The narrow band of green light is least likely to exacerbate migraine, providing a potential therapeutic option for sufferers.
A new study by NOAA Fisheries finds that ocean acidification may slow development and reduce survival of Dungeness crab larvae, which are key to the Northwest marine ecosystem. The research suggests that lower pH levels could extend vulnerable larval periods or jeopardize timing in relation to food sources.
A new report highlights seven areas of focus within COPD care, including improving access to education, medications, and non-medication interventions. The report also emphasizes the need for more research funding and development of cost-effective treatments.
A new study reveals that food components can significantly influence the intestinal immune system by binding to an important controller, the Ah receptor. The researchers found that the interaction between the Ah receptor and its repressor is crucial for balancing the immune response.
A study of Coos Bay found it is currently free of hypoxic conditions, thanks to its narrow offshore shelf and dredged ship channel. However, as the climate warms, the bay's flushing action may be disrupted, leading to increased risk of oxygen depletion.
A new study finds that busier lifestyles are associated with better processing speed, working memory, and episodic memory in older adults. The research suggests that busyness may stimulate learning and improve cognition, but more experimental work is needed to confirm this association.
A study found that physician-surrogate discordance about prognosis occurs in 53% of cases, with misunderstandings and differences in belief being common causes. Clinicians should check in with surrogates before making decisions about patient care.
A novel technique called external stenting (ES) has been developed to relieve airway obstruction in children. The procedure involves suspending the airway wall to a rigid prosthesis, allowing for growth and stability. Long-term outcomes show high survival rates and successful weaning from ventilators.
A simple screening test can accurately predict the severity of heart disease in patients with heart failure. The test calculates a patient's sarcopenia score based on their age, grip strength, and calf circumference, making it a useful evaluation method for daily clinical practice.
Researchers analyze MMS data to understand magnetic reconnection, a process that produces powerful phenomena including solar flares and large releases of plasma from the sun's corona. The mission provides high-resolution measurements of particles and electric and magnetic fields at the electron scale.
A new study found that middle-school kids ages 11-14 see two to four alcohol ads per day, with outdoor billboards and signs being the most common source. The findings suggest that policymakers should pay attention to outdoor alcohol advertising, which is under local communities' control.
Cisplatin kills rapidly dividing cancer cells but also causes permanent hearing loss due to damage to sensory hair cells in the inner ear. Individuals with Cockayne syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting DNA repair, are more susceptible to this side effect.
A computer model simulates the formation of Io's mountains through the compression of rocks due to volcanic activity. The study suggests that this mechanism could have operated on early Earth, explaining why mountains like those on Io might have emerged first as land.
Researchers are exploring the use of scanning lasers to measure road aggregate microtexture, aiming to improve the accuracy and sustainability of road construction. The project has the potential to lead to the development of new adhesive systems that make binding asphalt and concrete better and longer lasting.
Researchers at George Mason University are working on a new method called 'shuffling' to quickly separate hackers from legitimate users and isolate bad actors. The approach aims to prevent denial-of-service attacks that can cripple online businesses with downed websites, financial losses, and damaged client relationships.
PrEP has been estimated to prevent up to 7400 new infections in the UK if made available. Despite strong evidence, those at high risk remain unable to access this important HIV prevention measure.
A study published by the American Psychological Association found that chronic fatigue syndrome patients are more likely to suppress their emotions due to a heightened fight-or-flight response. This suppression is associated with increased anxiety and distress, which can worsen fatigue symptoms.
Plants utilize microfluidics and optics to control movement, photosynthesis, and water transport, highlighting the intersection of light and fluid in plant physiology. Researchers explore how plants optimize energy conversion, conserving water through stomata control.
A University of California, Riverside study explains how the balance of two transcription factor isoforms in the colon influences the risk of developing colon cancer and colitis. Maintaining a balance between these isoforms is crucial for reducing disease risk.
Scientists create synthetic polymers that decompose without harsh elements, opening doors for biomedical applications such as drug delivery and bioimaging. Preliminary testing shows growth and depolymerization of straight and branched polymers are possible in water and extracellular matrix.
Daily melatonin administration significantly reduced blood pressure in elderly subjects, with the most pronounced effect occurring between 3:00 and 8:00 am. Melatonin also synchronized disrupted circadian rhythms of blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature, providing a new approach to hypertension treatment.
A study at the University of Texas at Austin found that relationship satisfaction depends on how a partner compares with other potential mates. Participants reported being happier and devoted more effort to relationships when their partners fulfilled their ideal preferences.
Researchers warn of a looming crisis in cardiothoracic surgical services as the number of trained professionals dwindles and demand increases, particularly among an aging population. By 2030, there will be approximately 3,000 cardiothoracic surgeons needed to cover 854,000 cases, with each surgeon's workload projected to increase by 121%.
Researchers are breeding barley to make it more resistant to drought and heat, helping farmers avoid yield loss due to climate change. By identifying key molecular switches, they aim to create crops that can efficiently manage water under extreme weather conditions.
A recent study published in JAMA found that high-dose recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) did not improve cognitive development or reduce neurodevelopmental delay in very preterm infants at 2 years old. The study randomly assigned 448 preterm infants to receive rhEPO or placebo and followed their outcomes for over two years.
Researchers at Drexel University discover that motor proteins and sliding microtubules play a crucial role in guiding neurons to their correct destinations. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism.
Researchers have mapped boron compound distribution in a model control rod, helping determine re-criticality risk within the reactor. This finding could inform decommissioning efforts at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant.
Non-Hispanic blacks are almost twice as likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia as non-Hispanic whites, but they're significantly less likely to receive medication for treatment. The study found that racial-ethnic differences in diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric conditions were significant across 11 private healthcare delivery s...
Allan Sandage's last paper reveals that physicist George Gamow and astronomer Walter Adams had previously discovered subgiants in the 1940s, which would have accelerated the development of stellar evolutionary theory. The study shows that these early findings were largely ignored due to biases in the time.
UC San Diego scientists create innovative imaging system to study brain activity in free-moving fruit flies, providing first glimpse into neural processes underlying mating, learning, memory, and more. The 'Flyception' technique enables real-time monitoring of brain activity at unprecedented speed and precision.
A new study has found a significant association between prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and lower birth weight. Infants exposed to SSRIs for two or more trimesters weighed 205 grams less than those not exposed, on average.
A novel nicotine inhaler has been shown to double smoking quit rates compared to placebo inhalers. The study, published in Nicotine and Tobacco Research, suggests that inhaled nicotine from a standard inhaler is highly effective in helping smokers quit.
A new study by SUNY Downstate resolves the controversy over PKMzeta's importance in forming and retaining memories. Mice lacking PKMzeta recruit a closely related molecule, PKCiota/lambda, to compensate for its absence, highlighting the brain's memory system durability.
People with major depressive disorder may have altered purine metabolism, with higher levels of xanthine and lower inosine and guanosine. This dysregulation may be the body's compensatory mechanism to combat increased oxidative stress caused by depression.
A study found that more than half of those making decisions for critically ill patients have significantly different estimates of survival rates than their doctors. The research team hopes to train physicians to better communicate with these decision-makers, improving treatment outcomes and alleviating suffering.
Researchers have designed three new eyeglasses using high-power prisms to optimally expand the visual fields of patients with hemianopia, a condition that affects over one million Americans. The new devices address limitations of existing prism technology and may provide additional range of vision when scanning in both directions.
A retrospective study of 32,760 ICU patients found that nighttime extubations were associated with higher mortality rates compared to daytime extubations. Patients who underwent overnight extubations were more likely to have cardiovascular diagnoses and experienced longer hospital stays.
Researchers have identified a new connection between inflammatory signals and cell division, revealing how cells adapt to environmental changes. The discovery sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of diseases such as Crohn's disease and cancer.
A streamlined TB diagnosis approach using a single sputum sample and rapid results proved feasible in rural Uganda, increasing treatment initiation rates. The method uses fluorescence microscopy for quick analysis and GeneXpert testing for accurate results, with 73% of patients diagnosed correctly.
Researchers discovered the Oct4 gene plays a critical protective role in preventing heart attacks and strokes by stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. Manipulating its expression may help block age-related decline in the body's ability to carry out repairs and heal wounds.
UNIST partners with Fraunhofer ICT to develop composite materials for eco-friendly vehicles. The new project center will focus on full industrial-scale trials and take UNIST to the forefront of automotive innovation.
A new study finds HIV-infected patients are more likely to lack cancer treatment for various cancers, including head and neck, upper gastrointestinal tract, and lung cancers. The disparity remains after adjusting for insurance status and comorbidities.
Researchers will assess storm water quality and implement Low Impact Development techniques to treat pollutants, ultimately aiming to enhance the city's ability to provide drinking water for its growing population.
A study of 701 Canadian adults found that 30% of those diagnosed with asthma did not have current asthma after medication withdrawal. Careful testing revealed no evidence of airflow obstruction or bronchial hyper-reactivity in 37.5% of subjects.
The University of Washington team observed and analyzed collective interparticle vibrations in two-dimensional microscale granular crystals for the first time. This understanding allows for designing materials with unique properties, such as customizable impact energy absorption.
Scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory found that Europa's ocean could have a comparable balance of hydrogen and oxygen to Earth's oceans, suggesting the presence of a habitable environment. This discovery draws attention to the complexity of Europa's rocky interior and its potential for supporting life.
Researchers found that differences in immune cell parameters correlate with an individual's immune response to the flu vaccine. People who show a better antibody response after vaccination have higher levels of specific proteins on dendritic cells and more B cells, indicating improved immunity against flu.
A new study by RAND Corporation reveals that Southern California middle school students are exposed to an average of 3.1 alcohol advertisements every day. Racial disparities were also observed, with African Americans and Hispanics experiencing higher levels of exposure compared to white youths.
Increased Arctic vegetation may counteract global warming by reducing decomposition and releasing stored carbon, according to a Lund University study. The study found that warmer temperatures trigger bacteria and fungi to break down nutrient-rich shrubs rather than moss, leading to reduced soil nitrogen.
A small feasibility trial involving 12 people with treatment-resistant depression found that psilocybin was safe and well-tolerated, reducing symptoms of depression in about half of the participants at 3 months post-treatment. Further research is needed to understand the therapeutic benefits of psilocybin.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine have received a grant to examine the likelihood of genomic information being identified and how effective legal efforts can reduce these risks. The center will also explore the relationship between history, public opinion, and literature on privacy concerns.