Researchers at Penn State have discovered a new strategy for antidepressant therapies by increasing the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA in the brains of depressed mice. This approach shows promise as a rapidly acting and more effective treatment option.
A team of Russian researchers used dynamic light scattering and phase microscopy to demonstrate the existence of stable nanodroplets of tetrahydrofuran (THF) in aqueous electrolyte solutions. The research developed a new theory explaining the spontaneous generation of heterogeneous nanoparticles due to 'twinkling' hydrogen bonds.
A recent study published in JAMA Network has linked more frequent vaping among teens to a higher risk of heavy cigarette smoking. The study found that adolescents who vape regularly are more likely to progress to frequent and heavy smoking over time.
A new study reveals that small DNA molecules known as plasmids accelerate the evolution of new forms of antibiotic resistance. Plasmids are found in many bacteria and are capable of transferring resistance genes between them.
Researchers at the University of Bonn present a new scaffold concept that combines structural key compounds and reaction criteria for a more consistent definition. The analog series-based scaffolds (ASB) framework provides a unique insight into compound diversity and structure-activity relationships.
New study discovers higher latitude ecosystems recovered rapidly after the Permian-Triassic boundary, which marked the World's most cataclysmic extinction event. The finding sheds light on the global extinction process and ecosystem recovery at higher latitudes.
A large clinical trial found that a combination of propofol and ketamine was as effective as propofol alone for sedating adults in emergency departments. The study debunked concerns about ketamine causing adverse psychological reactions, revealing similar outcomes and high patient satisfaction rates.
The American Society of Hematology has partnered with several organizations to create a specialized curriculum for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) care. The program aims to address knowledge gaps in the entire multidisciplinary team involved in AML management, including accurate diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment options.
Laura Vandenberg, a UMass Amherst environmental health scientist, has won the 2016 Pearl Award for her work on endocrine disrupting chemicals. Her research reveals associations between low-level chemical exposures and disease, highlighting the need for rethinking safe exposure limits.
Lisa Biggs' project, 'AFTER/LIFE,' aims to tell the stories of overlooked women and girls involved in the 1967 conflict through oral history, theater, poetry, and dance. The production will be directed by Kristin Horton and commemorated the upcoming 50th anniversary of the unrest.
Physicists at PPPL have developed a real-time velocity diagnostic that measures plasma velocity in four locations within the National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade. This device enables rapid calculations of how the velocity profile of ions evolves over time, which is crucial for optimizing plasma stability and fusion reactions.
A new study found that television cooking shows rarely model proper food safety measures, with only 4 out of 39 episodes showing compliance with recommendations. The study highlights the need for food safety training and education on these programs to reduce the incidence of foodborne illness.
Robert McGraw's 1997 paper introduced a new method to mathematically characterize aerosol dynamics, which has been widely used in various fields. The award recognizes his work's significant impact on aerosol research and climate modeling.
The study calculates the production of aerosol particles in all Earth regions and at different heights, revealing key findings about particle formation and its role in climate. It also determines the influence of cosmic radiation and human activity on cloud condensation nuclei.
Researchers found a genetic alteration in the DIXDC1 gene that affects brain cell growth and communication in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. This discovery holds promise for identifying new medications targeting core symptoms of autism.
Scientists discover that rising CO2 levels have boosted terrestrial carbon uptake, slowing the growth rate of atmospheric CO2. The increase in carbon absorption is attributed to enhanced photosynthesis and plant respiration, particularly in tropical and high-latitude ecosystems.
A study found that complex referral criteria are contributing to delays in dementia diagnosis, with some clinics requiring multiple investigations. Alternative approaches, such as primary care-led processes and direct access to memory clinics, may speed up diagnosis while reducing pressure on GPs and specialists.
A study published in JAMA found that VLBW infants who received supplemental, nutrient-enriched donor milk did not exhibit improved neurodevelopment compared to those receiving preterm formula. However, the use of nutrient-fortified donor milk was shown to reduce the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.
A new study reveals that male chimpanzees benefit from befriending the alpha male, gaining priority to preferred mates and a greater chance of passing on genes. Subordinate males can also benefit by having social favors, such as support in fights.
A team of researchers from Peter Grünberg Institute and Tampere University of Technology used numerical simulations to study the motion of over 500 atoms in liquid bismuth. Their findings show excellent agreement with experimental results, including inelastic x-ray scattering and neutron diffraction data.
Neuroscientists propose a collaborative approach to understanding the brain, combining experimentalists and theorists to tackle the great mysteries of consciousness. By sharing data and resources, researchers aim to make progress in neuroscience research using principles similar to those used in particle physics.
Researchers at Tohoku University have discovered a potential link between Alzheimer's disease and insulin signaling dysfunction. The study suggests that memantine, an Alzheimer's treatment, can improve cognitive function by inhibiting the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (Kir6.2 channel), leading to better memory retention in patients.
Researchers found that people living at high altitudes with chronic mountain sickness produce significantly more red blood cells than those without the condition. This is due to an overproduction of the SENP1 enzyme, which boosts levels of other proteins promoting cell division and survival.
A human monoclonal antibody, ZIKV-117, has been isolated that 'neutralizes' the Zika virus in a mouse model and protects against fetal damage. The findings may aid development of an effective anti-Zika vaccine.
A team of researchers discovered that immune T cells have two internal clocks controlling their lifespan and division, shedding new light on how the body regulates immune responses. The discovery also explains how errors in these clocks may lead to immune cell cancers such as leukaemia and lymphoma.
Researchers have found that suppressing a bone-specific protein via its neutralizing antibody can alleviate radiation-induced bone loss in an animal model. Weekly treatment with the protein blockage accelerated DNA repair and protected bone cells from turning into fat cells.
The Lancet Commission estimates the monthly cost of a basic package of 201 essential medicines could be as low as $1-2 per person, addressing universal health coverage goals. However, many countries spend less than this amount on medicines, highlighting the need for additional financing to meet basic healthcare needs.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have successfully repaired the gene causing sickle cell disease using CRISPR gene editing technology. The corrected human hematopoietic stem cells were then transplanted into mice and showed promise in producing functioning hemoglobin molecules.
A new study found that speech difficulties can predict poor literacy skills at ages 5½ and 8, but effects are mitigated by age. Early language impairment with speech difficulties is a warning sign for significant reading problems.
Researchers developed Bellmania, a system that enables non-experts to optimize dynamic programming algorithms for multicore chips. The system guarantees identical results with faster execution speeds, outperforming human programming in optimization tasks.
Researchers found altered brain pathways in individuals with anorexia and bulimia nervosa, overriding the hypothalamus' drive to eat. This reversal allows their brains to fend off hunger signals, making it harder for them to consume food.
Researchers have developed a tool to visualize network traffic data, allowing analysts to identify key changes and patterns. The tool has been used to inspect network traffic during DDoS attacks and map out malware distribution networks.
Despite decades of improved survival rates, childhood cancer survivors continue to report poor physical and mental health status. Researchers found that patients treated in earlier decades had better health outcomes than those treated in later decades, suggesting a link between access to follow-up care and reported adverse outcomes.
The first of five clinical trials for an investigational Zika vaccine began at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, testing the safety and ability of the ZPIV vaccine to generate an immune system response. The Phase 1 trial aims to enroll 75 people aged 18-49 with no prior flavivirus infection.
High physical fitness increases ALS risk before age 45, while individuals with high IQs have increased risk at 56+ years. Individuals with lower BMI (25+) show reduced risk across all ages.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified a network of genes controlling how many flowers and branches are produced in plants, with implications for crop yields and plant diversity. The discovery could lead to new ways to manipulate flowering patterns and improve food production.
A study published in Marketing Science found that leveraging psychological theories on sympathy when drafting a fundraising letter can significantly increase donations. The experiment involved varying the content of fundraising letters and measuring the response, resulting in a 300% increase in donations.
Researchers discovered that breaking waves across a rip channel can close the channel and stop currents from traveling far offshore. However, when waves cease to break, rip currents flow far offshore, posing a greater hazard to swimmers.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab created a single device that can act as both a laser and an anti-laser, enabling flexible operation in optical communication. The device uses parity-time symmetry to balance amplification and absorption, allowing for control over light behavior.
Researchers at Helmholtz Munich have discovered proteins in the blood that can predict incipient type 1 diabetes, even before symptoms appear. The study identified 41 peptides from 26 proteins that distinguish children with autoantibodies from those without, including proteins associated with lipid metabolism.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that large fires create a diverse landscape, making it difficult for bark beetles to launch widespread attacks. This variability protects forests from future outbreaks, as trees take decades to reach their preferred size.
Researchers at Georgia Tech develop a targeted therapy using nanoparticles to deliver short interfering RNA that knocks down EGFR protein, leading to massive reduction or complete eradication of ovarian cancer tumors. The treatment, combined with chemotherapy, shows promising results in limited in vivo tests on mice.
Researchers at Binghamton University are using a National Science Foundation grant to study the potential of hardware in detecting malware. By modifying a computer's central processing unit (CPU) chip, the team aims to improve malware detection and provide continuous protection without requiring significant software investment.
Researchers have developed a new approach to prevent gastrointestinal disease caused by Salmonella and other bacteria. The immunization targets a molecule that allows these microbes to scavenge iron, reducing growth and bacterial levels.
Researchers at Columbia University developed a new machine-learning algorithm called TeraStructure to analyze massive genetic data sets. The algorithm can estimate population structure more accurately and twice as fast as current state-of-the-art algorithms, making it potentially useful for identifying disease-causing genetic mutations.
Researchers found that more than a quarter of chikungunya cases were spread within households and half occurred in homes less than 200 meters away. Women are 1.5 times more likely to develop the disease due to increased time spent at home, making them at higher risk of infection.
Researchers found that older bonobos have a decline in refractive power, leading to increased grooming distance and potential social challenges. Long-sightedness may hinder their social lives and daily activities, similar to humans.
Researchers at TU Wien and Germany have developed a method to study the time structure of quantum jumps, which are extremely fast state changes in atoms. The experiment showed that the duration of two different ionization processes can be distinguished, revealing new insights into the physics of ultrashort time scales.
A University of Toronto study found that individuals who prioritize working on their sexual growth are more satisfied with their relationships, whereas those relying on 'sexual destiny' tend to use their sex life as a barometer for relationship success. The research showed that while both groups experience an initial honeymoon phase, t...
Researchers have found significant differences in men and women's brain function, with some genetic variants influencing susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. The study suggests a personalized strategy for prevention and treatment, taking into account gender-specific contributions.
A study by Duke University researchers found that bushmeat hunting is drastically shaping wildlife communities, leading to sharp declines in large mammal populations and increases in rodent and small bird populations. The research suggests that the problem will worsen as the human population in the region increases.
A study of 2386 men with localized prostate cancer found that second opinions did not affect treatment choice or quality of care. Men who sought second opinions due to dissatisfaction with their initial urologist were less likely to receive definitive treatment.
A mouse study found an antibody can soothe raging, nerve-driven poison ivy itch by blocking an immune system protein. The researchers also discovered that blocking another receptor for the protein alleviates itch, paving the way for potential treatments.
Scientists analyzed insect feeding damage to thousands of leaf fossils from Patagonia, Argentina, and found evidence that ecosystems there recovered twice as fast as in the United States. The findings suggest that Patagonia's distance from the impact crater in Mexico may have contributed to the rapid recovery of insect diversity.
Two studies published in PNAS found that checkpoint blockade therapy is only effective for a subset of cancer patients with 'hot' T-cell-inflamed tumors. Researchers identified dendritic cells and tumor antigens as key factors influencing treatment response.
According to a study published in JAMA Pediatrics, hospitalized children who experience cardiac arrest have lower survival rates at night compared to daytime and evening hours. The rate of survival to hospital discharge was about 12% lower during nights than days and evenings.
Researchers have discovered that axolotl salamanders can regenerate their ovaries and produce eggs throughout their lifespan, sparking hopes for regenerative medicine solutions to human infertility. The study found that these salamanders' ability to repair damaged organs could be translated into humans with the help of key signals.
A comprehensive study of Australian natural hazards finds increasing heatwaves and extreme bushfires, but uncertain projections for storms and rainfall. Temperature-related hazards are projected to become more extreme, while others may see increased frequency or intensity, with complex interlinkages between climate extremes.
A new study reveals that consumers may actually be eating more sustainably due to mislabeled seafood. The research found that mislabeled fish are often substituted with species of better conservation status and lower prices.
Researchers found four new chromosome rearrangements unique to the Caucasian population of Glyptotendipes salinus, which are distinct from previously studied populations in Altai and Kazakhstan. The larvae were also found to be twice as short than those in other regions.