A new study from Michigan Medicine reveals that the brain chemical serotonin guides fruit flies' protein-rich food choices, which can affect their lifespan. The research found that blocking serotonin's reward system extended the flies' lifespan by nearly twice as long.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have named a new species of extinct reptile, Vivaron haydeni, discovered in New Mexico. The species, related to crocodiles and dinosaurs, is the sixth known rauisuchid found in the region.
Researchers have developed a new approach to creating human vaccines against HIV using Kymouse, a genetically modified mouse that mimics human antibody responses. The study found that Kymouse can produce antibodies of the type needed for protection, suggesting ways to improve immunization regimes.
Researchers connected NIST and USNO time scales via CenturyLink's fiber-optic cables, sending time signals at regular intervals in both directions. The results showed UTC could be transferred with a stability of under 100 nanoseconds, meeting the project's original goal.
A team of researchers found that marital bonds and cooperative activities play a crucial role in passing down plant knowledge among the BaYaka Pygmies. They discovered that certain plants were used to detect and punish cheaters, highlighting the social significance of plant use.
New research reveals that Asian jumping worms can strip forest floors and flood soil with nutrients at an alarming rate. This accelerated nutrient release may benefit plants initially, but also threatens to outcompete native species and contaminate groundwater sources.
Researchers found that people who abandoned personal informatics tracking experienced no real difference in their lives, but had varied emotional responses. They also discovered that lapsed users responded differently to seeing their old Fitbit data presented in new ways, depending on their personal tracking history.
Researchers sequenced genomes of 157 yeast strains used in brewing and found that industrial yeast came from just a few ancestral strains. Genetic patterns revealed clues on when yeast was first domesticated and how humans shaped its development.
A University of Washington study found that shark teeth shape influences biting performance, with some species' teeth cutting better and dulling faster than others. The research used a reciprocating saw and glue to test tooth performance under realistic conditions.
Researchers developed efficient lentiviral and adeno-associated virus-based approaches to deliver CFTR genes to the airways of pig models with cystic fibrosis. These methods resulted in functional CFTR expression, improving early cystic fibrosis pig phenotypes.
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine recognized outstanding science communicators with the 2016 Communication Awards. Deborah Cramer won for her book 'The Narrow Edge,' while NPR's Christopher Joyce and Alison Richards took home the award for their film/TV series 'Close Listening: Decoding Nature Through Sound.'
The U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute has accepted 10 new research projects to harness the combined power of genomics and molecular characterization, exploring pressing questions in energy, environment, and basic research. The selected proposals focus on topics such as plant-microbe interactions, biofuels, and biogeochem...
Research reveals that even marginal increases in weight negatively impact female job prospects in service sector jobs. Workplace discrimination against those of 'normal' weight is not new, but women face greater bias, highlighting unrealistic societal expectations and practical implications for employers.
Researchers from UK universities are launching a project to digitally reconstruct archaeological sites destroyed or damaged due to conflict, cultural vandalism, and natural disasters. The 'Curious Travellers' initiative aims to collect publicly donated content to recreate 3D models of monuments and ancient sites.
A new therapeutic strategy targeting a shared Achilles' heel of all Ebola viruses has shown promising results. Two monoclonal antibodies blocked the invasion of human cells by all five ebolaviruses, and one protected mice exposed to lethal doses of Ebola Zaire.
Researchers created a computer defense system that senses possible malicious probes and redirects them to a virtual decoy network. This shadow network is isolated and can mimic the structure of an actual network to fool hackers.
Bacteria can share molecular spear guns and toxic molecules with closely related strains, allowing them to reuse proteins and produce new weapons. This cooperation enables bacteria to form a survival advantage against competitors, recycling harpooned proteins and toxins to assemble their own T6SSs.
A new study reveals that genes within and outside the heart play a crucial role in determining the risk of congenital heart defects. The research found that Nipbl gene mutations can cause atrial septal defects, but only when combined with other genetic factors or environmental influences.
Research published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine found that acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with significant long-term lung function loss. Those with mild COPD experienced the greatest FEV1 decline, with each exacerbation linked to an additional 23 m...
A study by the University of Edinburgh has found that attention-grabbing experiences activate a specific area of the brain, releasing memory-boosting chemicals. Researchers discovered that mice who had new experiences just before or after learning a new location remembered it better the next day.
Researchers found that planting a multi-species mixture of cover crops increases ecosystem services, including weed suppression, nitrogen retention, and aboveground biomass. The study suggests that designing cover-crop mixes can lead to greater multifunctionality in agroecosystems.
Research suggests that financial incentives for fundraisers can compromise their ability to convey sincerity, leading to lower donation rates. Despite this, incentives may still engage unmotivated individuals and recruit top talent.
A 12-year-long study found that teenage calorie expenditure drops by up to 500 fewer calories while at rest during puberty, contributing to excess weight gain and obesity. The research also revealed a significant decline in physical activity among teenagers during this period.
Researchers at MIT deciphered the structure of a long noncoding RNA and found that it interacts with a protein to control heart muscle cell development. The study reveals the importance of RNA structure in understanding its function, which could lead to new therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular disease.
A new electrical stimulation therapy helped stroke survivors with hand weakness improve hand dexterity more than an existing technique. The therapy, which allows patients to control the stimulation through a wearable glove, showed greater improvement in hand function for those less than two years post-stroke.
A new study reveals that climate change can hinder scientific projections of storm tracks, with multiple environmental influences at play. The 'tug of war' between Arctic amplification and tropical warming affects the position of storm tracks, impacting iconic cities worldwide.
A set of microRNAs, known as C19MC, was found to be specific to infantile hemangiomas and detectable in patient plasma. These microRNAs may serve as biomarkers for IH diagnosis and treatment monitoring, with levels decreasing before tumor regression but rebounding upon re-growth.
A new smartphone application was found to be an effective tool for teaching comprehensive sexual health to adolescent girls. The study, published in the Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, shows a significant increase in participants' knowledge and practical use of contraception after using the app.
A new pathogen, Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis, has been identified as causing anthrax-like disease in chimps, gorillas, elephants, and goats across four African countries. The bacteria share distinct genetic and biological characteristics with Bacillus anthracis.
A new study estimated the number of people with Down syndrome in the US from 1950 to 2010, revealing a significant underestimation. The study found that the total number of individuals with Down syndrome was approximately 206,366 in 2010, with significant differences among ethnic and racial groups.
Researchers created a device called MEGA plate to observe bacteria adapting to increasing antibiotic doses, revealing key insights into the spread of resistance. The study provides a powerful visualization of bacterial movement and evolution.
A new study highlights the importance of strengthening family support as a key intervention in preventing suicide among homosexual, bisexual, and transgender (SGM) youth. The research emphasizes the need for an intersectional approach to address SGM-specific challenges, including health needs and stigma.
Researchers discovered that bats' adorable head movements synchronize with sonar vocalizations to track prey. The findings reveal how movement enhances signals used by sight and hearing in various species.
Dr Diane Saunders has been awarded a prestigious European Research Council starting grant to investigate the molecular mechanisms driving host adaptation of yellow rust on cereal crops and grasses. The goal is to develop new varieties of wheat with enhanced resistance to yellow rust.
The ocean sunfish's unusually fast growth rate and large size may be attributed to altered genes that control growth hormone signalling. The fish's skeleton is largely made of cartilage, a trait that could provide insights into its development.
A study found that parents want to know if they're carriers of genetic diseases, despite international guidelines against identifying infant carriers through newborn screening. Many parents don't use the information or use it inappropriately, sharing news with extended family members without consent.
Researchers report catastrophic declines in global wilderness areas over the last 20 years, with an estimated 3.3 million km2 of wilderness lost, primarily in South America and Africa. The study emphasizes the urgent need for proactive global interventions to protect remaining wilderness areas.
A new RAND Corporation report highlights the need for clearer US rules on targeted killing using drones. The study proposes a framework that balances protection of civilians and human rights with flexibility in the fight against terrorism. By adopting such an approach, the US can build public support at home and abroad.
Neutrophils, the body's immune superheroes, switch from migrating to murdering invaders when exposed to reactive oxygen species. A receptor called TRPM2 senses ROS levels and triggers a shutdown of migration, allowing neutrophils to focus on killing bacteria and other pathogens.
A new study reveals that bacteria can evolve resistance to antibiotics by adapting to intermediate concentrations, and that spatial location plays a role in their success. Mutations that increased resistance often came at the cost of reduced growth, which was subsequently restored by additional compensatory mutations.
A group of experts suggests reframing global efforts against antimicrobial resistance to focus on building societal resilience and maintaining diversity in the global microbiome. This approach aims to address the root causes of resistance, rather than just treating its symptoms.
College student marijuana use has continued to rise since 2006, with daily or near-daily use increasing from 3.5% in 2007 to 4.6% in 2015. In contrast, nonmedical use of prescription narcotic drugs has declined among college students, falling from 8.8% in 2006 to 3.3% in 2015.
A new study published in Journal of General Internal Medicine found that most elderly individuals who suffer a hip fracture will not regain their pre-injury level of physical activity or independence. The likelihood of recovery was particularly low for those over 85, with dementia, or multiple comorbid conditions.
Post-Tropical Cyclone Hermine was still producing light to moderate showers with maximum sustained winds of about 58 mph as it rotated in the Atlantic Ocean. NASA's Global Precipitation Measurement mission detected heavy rainfall rates exceeding 1.1 inches per hour in various areas of the storm.
Scientists describe a multi-step method to produce broadly neutralizing antibodies in genetically engineered mice, which can recognize multiple HIV mutations. This approach offers a starting point for developing an HIV vaccine that could prevent infection or cure the systemic illness.
A new study by Nils B. Weidmann and colleagues found that politically excluded groups in countries with strong government control have lower internet access rates compared to more powerful groups. The researchers used the Ethnic Power Relations database to analyze internet availability among marginalized groups and found significant di...
Duke University scientists have identified 140 previously unknown proteins at inhibitory synapses, crucial for preventing overexcitement in the brain. The discovery opens new avenues to understanding and treating autism, intellectual disability, and epilepsy.
An animal study suggests that resistance to tamoxifen therapy in some estrogen receptor positive breast cancers may originate from in utero exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals. Researchers identified four genes linked to tamoxifen resistance and poor prognosis of breast cancer.
Researchers found two brain regions, RSC and OPA, involved in creating panoramic memories. Participants performed better identifying linked images through immersive virtual reality headsets.
A new long-term analysis of prognostic factors among patients with breast cancer reveals that young age and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) adjacent to invasive tumors are associated with increased ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence. High-grade invasive tumors also relapsed more frequently during the first five years.
Researchers describe a potential vaccination strategy to jump-start the selection and evolution of broadly effective antibodies against HIV. They plan to test this approach in an upcoming human clinical trial, promising progress toward a human vaccine.
A University of Liverpool study found that ant colour and size are strongly influenced by their environment, with larger bodied ectotherms with dark colouration thriving in cold places. The study also revealed that ants adapt to changing temperatures by shifting from darker to lighter colours and smaller body sizes.
A University of Cincinnati study found that gut bacteria influences intestinal mast cells' activation and fat absorption. The research suggests a novel role for the gut microbiome in promoting lipid absorption.
The European Research Council has awarded €1.5 million to Dr Krasileva's research team to investigate plant immune receptors and develop new methods to protect crops from pests and disease. The grant aims to help generate ways for vital crops like wheat, rice, and maize to withstand ever-persistent diseases.
Eric Lander receives the award for his lifetime achievements in molecular diagnostics, transforming our understanding of rare and common genetic diseases. The AMP Award recognizes Dr. Lander's seminal publications, fundamental discoveries, and significant scientific contributions.
Researchers observed a reversal of the expected pattern in equatorial winds, known as the quasi-biennial oscillation, which has significant implications for Northern European weather. The team believes that similar disruptions could become more frequent as the climate warms.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a new molecular gel recipe that enables accurate detection of lead in paint chips. The test uses heat and chemical reactions to distinguish between safe and hazardous levels of lead, making it easier for homeowners to assess their risk.
Researchers have successfully developed new approaches to induce HIV-blocking antibodies in mice with human-like immune systems. The studies showed that a prime shot combined with booster shots of immunogens can activate precursor cells to produce neutralizing antibodies, paving the way for future clinical studies.
A new study has identified four highly distinct groups of giraffe, each with its own genetic profile, indicating they should be recognized as four separate species. The researchers hope this discovery will lead to targeted conservation efforts for the endangered species.
A team of researchers found a way for neutron stars to avoid the 'traffic jam' that limits their brightness, enabling them to become hundreds of times brighter than expected. This discovery challenges current understanding and provides new insights into the nature of these mysterious objects.