A recent study has made a breakthrough in developing better batteries via real-time transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. The research team successfully hermetically encapsulated sulfur particles using two-dimensional materials like molybdenum disulfide, preventing leakage and sublimation. This innovation could lead to im...
New research at Los Alamos National Laboratory develops a DNA detection method that can accurately distinguish virulent bacteria from harmless look-alikes. The study identifies specific plasmid features in environmental species that differentiate pathogenic Francisella tularensis strains from non-threat agents.
A study by Osaka University researchers found that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) promotes remyelination in mice, suggesting a potential new treatment for demyelinating diseases. FGF21 was shown to increase remyelination and improve neurological function in mice with demyelinated lesions.
A new rapid diagnostic test has been shown to effectively distinguish between severe and uncomplicated malaria in children in Sub-Saharan Africa. The test was tested on 2,678 children with fever, resulting in a sensitivity and specificity of 97.6% for detecting severe malaria.
A more diverse school board can lead to more equitable school punishment among students of different races, according to a new study. The researchers found that schools with larger minority populations tend to suspend more black and Hispanic students, while white students in these schools are less likely to be suspended.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center report that tumors stressed by cancer immunotherapy release mitochondrial DNA into nearby immune cells, triggering a host alert system. This discovery highlights the critical role of cGAS as an innate immune sensor for DNA and its importance in bridging the body's two immune systems.
Researchers at the University of Turku found that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) releases endorphins in the brain, alleviating physical and emotional stress. In contrast, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise does not induce significant endorphin release, but rather increases pleasurable feelings.
Kenneth remains a well-organized gale-force tropical low pressure area with maximum sustained winds near 40 mph. The storm is moving north-northwestward towards the north and weakening over the next couple of days.
A study by Case Western Reserve University researchers has identified long non-coding RNAs that play a critical role in orchestrating sperm development. The lncRNAs help regulate various stages of sperm development and are found exclusively in the testes, suggesting they could be used to develop novel infertility drugs.
Researchers used synchrotron microtomography to analyze fossilized feces, providing clues on ancient food webs and ecosystems. The study reveals delicate remains of beetles and fish in coprolites from the Upper Triassic bone beds in Poland.
Research reveals that estrogen hormones regulate gene expression through a multi-step process involving sequential recruitment of coactivators. The study, published in Molecular Cell, shows that the addition of specific coactivator CARM1 guides subsequent steps leading to gene activation.
Researchers studying a 400 million year old bony fish from Estonia believe they have found evidence for the origins of teeth using advanced synchrotron microtomography. This discovery may cast light on the possible origin of teeth from dermal odontodes, and evolutionary relationship between dentitions of all jawed animals.
A study published by UC San Francisco researchers has identified specific groups of neurons in the brain's temporal cortex that distinguish speaker, phonetics, and intonation. These neurons respond to changes in vocal pitch and help convey meaning and emotion in spoken language.
A new study reveals that networks formed by patient transfers between hospitals in France are similar among three patient populations: HAIs, suspected HAIs, and the general patient population. This similarity could help predict HAI spread and inform efforts to reduce its transmission.
Tropical Storm Harvey is intensifying with heavy rainfall, forecast to bring life-threatening flooding and strong winds to the middle Texas coast. The National Hurricane Center predicts rain accumulations of 12-20 inches in some areas, with totals exceeding 30 inches in isolated regions.
A new virtual model of mouse lung function has been developed to better understand the relative importance of different factors contributing to lung changes in chronic inflammation. The study found that changes in lung recruitment and elastic fiber density were mainly responsible for declining lung function.
Researchers found that young children can reason about their abilities and global self-worth, but failure can affect their motivation. The study suggests that parents and educators should foster a productive learning environment to prevent discouragement in young children.
A study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention found that the average cost of treating oropharyngeal cancer in Texas for two years is $139,749. The study suggests that HPV vaccination could prevent many cases of the disease and result in significant cost savings.
A new imaging technique has been developed to uncover oxygen levels in prostate tumours, potentially leading to a non-invasive way to determine which tumours are more difficult to treat. The technique uses light and sound to image the strength of blood vessels in tumours, helping doctors identify patients with harder-to-treat cancers.
Brown's Data Science Initiative aims to bring together experts from various fields to develop new tools for applying data to complex problems. The grant will support intensive research activity and workshops bringing top researchers to campus to work on improving predictive power of mathematical models.
A recent study reveals that declining expenditures in nonprofit organizations increase the likelihood of executive turnover. Nonprofits with annual expenditure decreases by 20% over three years are 50% more likely to replace their CEO. This finding highlights the accountability of nonprofit executives.
A cancer drug called bosutinib showed promise in slowing cyst growth in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The study found a 66% reduction in kidney enlargement for those receiving bosutinib compared to placebo.
A new fabrication method allows for precise control over electrical performance of neural probes, improving drug delivery and communication with the nervous system. Conducting polymers mimic biological tissue, promoting efficient signal transduction and biocompatibility.
Researchers at the University of Illinois created a crawling robot inspired by origami structures and biological systems, such as Venus Flytrap movement and uni-flagellated bacteria swimming. The robot uses origami building blocks to mimic earthworms' gait and setae design for forward and turning motions.
A new paradigm for microbiome research suggests that each person's microbiome responds differently to stress, rather than following a predictable pattern. This concept, called the Anna Karenina principle, has key implications for antibiotic therapy, chronic disease management and other medical approaches.
Researchers found that chronic tinnitus is associated with changes in certain networks in the brain, leading to increased attention and reduced rest. The study provides hope for future treatment options and validates patients' experiences.
Researchers developed a titanium dioxide interlayer to boost the performance of photoanodes, increasing photocurrent by more than four times. The design combines nanostructure with chemical doping, promising improvements for green photocatalytic systems.
Researchers found that microbes living at low population densities are more likely to mutate and develop antibiotic resistance. This discovery could lead to better understanding of antibiotic resistance and its prevention.
A study found that brain structure and function changes persist even after athletes receive medical clearance to return to play. The researchers used advanced MRI to measure brain changes in athletes with concussions compared to uninjured varsity athletes.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute have developed a proof-of-concept nanosystem that dramatically improves the visualization of tumors, achieving a five-fold increase over existing methods. The novel approach generates bright tumor signals by delivering quantum dots to cancer cells without toxic effects.
The 'Programme for Translational Hematology' aims to strengthen cooperation between basic and clinical research to gain new knowledge on leukaemia. The programme will focus on identifying new treatment forms for AML and MDS, using DNA sequencing, pre-clinical models, and international research capacities.
A study by researchers from the German Center for Diabetes Research found that nearly 22% of hospitalized patients in Tübingen had diabetes or prediabetes. Patients with diabetes required longer hospital stays and were at a higher risk of complications, highlighting the need for early detection and treatment.
Advancements in mathematical tools are enhancing understanding of brain processes, including learning, emotion, dopamine signaling, and information processing. Studies using computational models are shedding light on the mechanisms underlying psychiatric diseases.
Researchers found that chimpanzees can learn the game as well as children aged four years old, with difficulty in finalizing the circular pattern. The study also compared the learning process of chimpanzees with preschool children.
A new Michigan State University study found that a protein released from visceral fat can cause non-cancerous cells to become cancerous. Abdominal obesity is associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, and body mass index may not be the best indicator of risk.
Researchers discovered ILCregs, a regulatory subpopulation of innate lymphoid cells, that suppress intestinal inflammation by secreting IL-10 and TGF-β1. This unique population has a distinct genetic identity from other immune cells and may hold potential for treating chronic inflammatory diseases.
Researchers have developed high-tech yarns that can generate electricity when stretched or twisted, opening up new possibilities for self-powered wearable devices and energy harvesting from ocean waves. The twistron yarns, constructed from carbon nanotubes, can convert mechanical energy into electrical power.
Tropical Depression 16W has formed in the Philippine Sea, with cloud top temperatures reaching as low as -63 degrees Fahrenheit. The storm is forecast to intensify into a tropical storm before making landfall in northern Philippines and potentially strengthening further in the South China Sea.
Researchers have developed a twistron harvester that harnesses energy from ocean waves, achieving a voltage of 46 mV and average output power of 1.79 mW. The device also acts as a motion sensor, demonstrating its potential for self-powered devices and natural energy harvesting.
A team of researchers has made a breakthrough discovery in understanding autoimmune diseases, revealing that rogue B cells can trigger an 'override' of the body's tolerance to its tissues. This finding sheds new light on epitope spreading, a hallmark aspect of autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks multiple organs and tissues.
Researchers at MIT and Cisco Systems have developed a new approach to network monitoring called Marple, which allows routers to report on their own state without relying on external servers. By using a programming language and simple circuit design, Marple enables precise traffic analysis while reducing the need for additional hardware.
A new study from Brown University found that less than one-third of teachers perceived as ineffective by principals are actually formally rated that way. Despite major reforms, time constraints and top-down system designs limit the differentiation and support for teacher effectiveness.
Scientists demonstrated 4D quantum encryption over a free-space optical network, encoding two bits of information per photon and tolerating more signal-obscuring noise. The breakthrough paves the way for practical quantum encryption over free-space networks, enabling secure communication between ground-based networks and satellites.
Researchers discovered the role of cytokine TNF in causing herpetic neuralgia, a common symptom of shingles. The study provides insights into novel therapeutic approaches to combat acute and chronic pain associated with the condition.
Researchers discovered that carbon nanotubes with a width of 0.8 nanometers can filter water with better efficiency than biological proteins, known as aquaporins. The narrow nanotube porins (nCNTPs) maintain permeability even at high salt concentrations and can be tailored for specific ion selectivity.
A new concept of nonvoluntary treatment could distinguish psychiatric patients who refuse help but likely would have accepted it in a healthy state of mind from traditional involuntary treatment. This distinction aims to provide more precise categorization and alleviate ethical concerns.
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham are working on two major cardiovascular diseases: heart failure after heart attacks and resistant high blood pressure. They hope to create new treatments using a combination of engineered heart patches and novel molecular pathways.
A newly discovered dinosaur fossil from Mongolia shows three juvenile oviraptors roosting together, suggesting a unique behavior among bird-line theropods. The specimen provides valuable insights into the origins of communal roosting in birds and sheds light on the social habits of ancient dinosaurs.
Researchers used zebrafish to study leprosy's impact on nerve cells, finding bacteria trigger a toxic response in macrophages that destroy myelin sheath. The disease may share characteristics with conditions like multiple sclerosis and tuberculosis.
Researchers at the University of Surrey have developed a new approach to deliver immersive audio experiences by utilizing all available devices in a living room, such as laptops and wireless mini-speakers. The 'Media Device Orchestration' concept enables users to enjoy spatial audio in a more immersive and multi-layered way.
Physicist Fatima Ebrahimi has used advanced models to simulate the cyclic behavior of edge-localized modes (ELMs), a type of plasma instability. She found that ELMs can form when a steep gradient of current exists at the plasma edge, and these instabilities can extinguish themselves by disrupting their own source.
A new study found that Solenodon, a venomous shrew-like mammal, has survived human arrival in the Caribbean by adapting to a flexible diet. The research suggests that this flexibility allowed Solenodon to thrive despite human-induced climate change and invasive species on the islands.
Research at Cornell University found that caffeine tempers taste buds, making food seem less sweet. The study suggests a link between adenosine receptors and taste perception, demonstrating real-world effects of the stimulant on human taste.
A team of Cleveland Clinic researchers have discovered a key pathway that leads to recurrence and treatment resistance in endometrial cancer. High levels of CD55 cause cancer stem cells to be more aggressive and resistant to cisplatin than non-stem cell cancer cells.
Researchers found natural geologic methane emissions were three to four times lower than previously estimated numbers, suggesting anthropogenic fossil methane emissions are higher. The study suggests reducing methane emissions from fossil fuels may be an even more important factor in reducing global warming.
A new University of Michigan study found that tired family caregivers are associated with greater ER visits and higher overall health care costs for the person they care for. Patients with fatigued or sad caregivers had 23% higher emergency department visits and $1,900 more in Medicare costs.
Researchers from MSU and University of Turku developed an optimized method for removing organic compounds, nitrogen, and phosphorus from wastewater using Chlorella vulgaris UHCC0027 microalgae. The treatment also produces biofuel suitable for blending with fossil diesel fuel.
A Michigan State University doctor and professor teamed up to document high rates of Group B Streptococcus colonization in Nigeria. They identified new risk factors, allowing for effective treatment and significantly reducing infant mortality rates.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in storing data with single molecules, achieving magnetic hysteresis at -213 °C, which is close to the temperature of liquid nitrogen. This discovery could lead to more energy-efficient data storage and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The Journal of Applied Remote Sensing has awarded three exceptional articles for their outstanding contributions to remote sensing research and applications. The winning articles focus on ice cloud measurement, a neural-network architecture for scene classification, and through-wall imaging.